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C21D 1/00
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General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering |
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C21D 1/02
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Hardening articles or materials formed by forging or rolling, with no further heating beyond that required for the formation |
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C21D 1/04
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General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering with simultaneous application of supersonic waves, magnetic or electric fields |
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C21D 1/06
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Surface hardening |
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C21D 1/08
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Surface hardening with flames |
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C21D 1/09
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Surface hardening by particle radiation |
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C21D 1/10
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Surface hardening by particle radiation by electric induction |
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C21D 1/18
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Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering |
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C21D 1/19
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Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering by interrupted quenching |
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C21D 1/20
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Isothermal quenching, e.g. bainitic hardening |
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C21D 1/22
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Martempering |
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C21D 1/25
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Hardening, combined with annealing between 300 °C and 600 °C, i.e. heat refining ("Vergüten") |
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C21D 1/26
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Methods of annealing |
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C21D 1/28
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Normalising |
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C21D 1/30
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Stress-relieving |
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C21D 1/32
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Soft annealing, e.g. spheroidising |
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C21D 1/34
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Methods of heating |
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C21D 1/38
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Heating by cathodic discharges |
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C21D 1/40
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Direct resistance heating |
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C21D 1/42
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Induction heating |
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C21D 1/44
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Methods of heating in heat-treatment baths |
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C21D 1/46
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Salt baths |
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C21D 1/48
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Metal baths |
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C21D 1/50
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Oil baths |
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C21D 1/52
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Methods of heating with flames |
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C21D 1/53
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Heating in fluidised beds |
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C21D 1/54
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Determining when the hardening temperature has been reached by measurement of magnetic or electrical properties |
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C21D 1/55
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Hardenability tests, e.g. end-quench tests |
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C21D 1/56
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General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering characterised by the quenching agents |
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C21D 1/58
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Oils |
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C21D 1/60
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Aqueous agents |
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C21D 1/62
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Quenching devices |
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C21D 1/63
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Quenching devices for bath quenching |
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C21D 1/64
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Quenching devices for bath quenching with circulating liquids |
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C21D 1/68
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Temporary coatings or embedding materials applied before or during heat treatment |
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C21D 1/70
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Temporary coatings or embedding materials applied before or during heat treatment while heating or quenching |
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C21D 1/72
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Temporary coatings or embedding materials applied before or during heat treatment during chemical change of surfaces |
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C21D 1/74
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Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material |
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C21D 1/76
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Adjusting the composition of the atmosphere |
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C21D 1/78
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Combined heat-treatments not provided for above |
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C21D 1/82
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Descaling by thermal stresses |
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C21D 1/84
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Controlled slow cooling |
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C21D 1/607
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Molten salts |
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C21D 1/613
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Gases; Liquefied or solidified normally gaseous material |
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C21D 1/667
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Quenching devices for spray quenching |
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C21D 1/673
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Quenching devices for die quenching |
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C21D 1/767
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Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material with forced gas circulation; Reheating thereof |
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C21D 1/773
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Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material under reduced pressure or vacuum |
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C21D 3/00
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Diffusion processes for extraction of non-metals; Furnaces therefor |
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C21D 3/02
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Extraction of non-metals |
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C21D 3/04
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Decarburising |
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C21D 3/06
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Extraction of hydrogen |
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C21D 3/08
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Extraction of nitrogen |
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C21D 3/10
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Furnaces therefor |
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C21D 5/00
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Heat treatment of cast-iron |
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C21D 5/02
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Heat treatment of cast-iron improving the malleability of grey cast-iron |
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C21D 5/04
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Heat treatment of cast-iron of white cast-iron |
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C21D 5/06
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Malleabilising |
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C21D 5/08
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Malleabilising with oxidation of carbon |
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C21D 5/10
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Malleabilising with oxidation of carbon in gaseous agents |
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C21D 5/12
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Malleabilising with oxidation of carbon in solid agents |
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C21D 5/14
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Graphitising |
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C21D 5/16
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Packing agents |
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C21D 6/00
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Heat treatment of ferrous alloys |
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C21D 6/02
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Hardening by precipitation |
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C21D 6/04
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Hardening by cooling below 0° C |
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C21D 7/00
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Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation |
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C21D 7/02
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Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working |
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C21D 7/04
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Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working of the surface |
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C21D 7/06
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Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working of the surface by shot-peening or the like |
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C21D 7/08
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Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working of the surface by burnishing or the like |
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C21D 7/10
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Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working of the whole cross-section, e.g. of concrete reinforcing bars |
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C21D 7/12
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Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working of the whole cross-section, e.g. of concrete reinforcing bars by expanding tubular bodies |
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C21D 7/13
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Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by hot working |
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C21D 8/00
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Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment |
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C21D 8/02
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Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips |
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C21D 8/04
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Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing |
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C21D 8/06
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Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of rods or wires |
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C21D 8/08
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Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of rods or wires for concrete reinforcement |
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C21D 8/10
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Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of tubular bodies |
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C21D 8/12
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Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties |
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C21D 9/00
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Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor |
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C21D 9/02
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Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for springs |
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C21D 9/04
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Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for rails |
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C21D 9/06
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Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for rails with diminished tendency to become wavy |
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C21D 9/08
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Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for tubular bodies or pipes |
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C21D 9/10
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Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for tubular bodies or pipes shotgun barrels |
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C21D 9/12
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Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for tubular bodies or pipes barrels for ordnance |
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C21D 9/14
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Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for tubular bodies or pipes wear-resistant or pressure-resistant pipes |
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C21D 9/16
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Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for explosive shells |
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C21D 9/18
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Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for knives, scythes, scissors, or like hand cutting tools |
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C21D 9/20
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Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for blades for skates |
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C21D 9/22
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Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for machine cutting tools |
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C21D 9/24
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Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for saw blades |
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C21D 9/26
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Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for teeth for card-clothing |
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C21D 9/28
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Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for plain shafts |
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C21D 9/30
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Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for camshafts |
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C21D 9/32
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Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for gear wheels, worm wheels, or the like |
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C21D 9/34
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Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for rims |
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C21D 9/36
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Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for rollers |
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C21D 9/38
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Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for roll bodies |
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C21D 9/40
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Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for bearing races |
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C21D 9/42
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Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for armour plate |
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C21D 9/44
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Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for equipment for lining mine shafts, e.g. segments, rings or props |
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C21D 9/46
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Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals |
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C21D 9/48
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Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals deep-drawing sheets |
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C21D 9/50
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Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for welded joints |
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C21D 9/52
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Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for strips |
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C21D 9/54
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Furnaces for treating strips or wire |
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C21D 9/56
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Continuous furnaces for strip or wire |
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C21D 9/58
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Continuous furnaces for strip or wire with heating by baths |
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C21D 9/60
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Continuous furnaces for strip or wire with induction heating |
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C21D 9/62
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Continuous furnaces for strip or wire with direct resistance heating |
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C21D 9/63
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Continuous furnaces for strip or wire the strip being supported by a cushion of gas |
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C21D 9/64
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Patenting furnaces |
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C21D 9/66
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Tower-type furnaces |
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C21D 9/67
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Multi-station furnaces adapted for treating the charge in vacuum or special atmosphere |
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C21D 9/68
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Furnace coilers; Hot coilers |
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C21D 9/70
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Furnaces for ingots, i.e. soaking pits |
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C21D 9/567
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Continuous furnaces for strip or wire with heating in fluidised beds |
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C21D 9/573
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Continuous furnaces for strip or wire with cooling |
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C21D 9/663
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Bell-type furnaces |
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C21D 9/665
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Bell-type furnaces inverted or side-facing |
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C21D 9/667
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Multi-station furnaces |
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C21D 9/673
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Bell-type furnaces - Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to bell-type furnaces |
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C21D 9/675
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Arrangements of charging or discharging devices |
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C21D 9/677
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Arrangements of heating devices |
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C21D 10/00
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Modifying the physical properties by methods other than heat treatment or deformation |
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C21D 11/00
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Process control or regulation for heat treatments |
