This application discloses a signal processing method and an apparatus. The method includes: a transmit device that generates and sends a PPDU; and a receive device that receives the PPDU, and processes M sequences carried in the PPDU. The PPDU includes a first field used for carrying M sequences that correspond to M space-time streams, wherein one sequence corresponds to one space-time stream and M is a positive integer. The M sequences include a first sequence, cross correlation energy between the first sequence and at least two of the M sequences within a length range of a Golay complementary sequence is zero when M is greater than 2, autocorrelation side lobe energy of the first sequence within the length range of the Golay complementary sequence is zero, the first sequence is obtained based on a channel estimation CE sequence, and the Golay complementary sequence is used for constructing the CE sequence.
This application discloses a communication method, an apparatus, and a device, to ensure continuity of service transmission. The method includes: An AS sends a service data packet of a first service to a terminal device over a multicast session. When a condition for the terminal device to perform inter-communication system switching is met or the terminal device performs the inter-communication system switching, the terminal device may send first information to trigger the AS to send the service data packet of the first service to the terminal device in a unicast transmission mode. In this way, an inter-communication system switching procedure of the terminal device does not affect transmission of the first service of the terminal device, to ensure continuity of service transmission.
Embodiments of this application provide a communication method and apparatus. The method includes: A multicast session management network element receives first information of a first multicast service from an application server, where the first information indicates at least one of the following: a first service area of the first multicast service, a type of the first multicast service, or the first multicast service. The multicast session management network element sends a second service area identifier of the first multicast service to the application server based on the first information. In this way, the application server may obtain the second service area identifier of the first multicast service, namely, a SAI of the first multicast service when the application server does not learn of network topology information.
H04W 4/06 - Selective distribution of broadcast services, e.g. multimedia broadcast multicast service [MBMS]; Services to user groups; One-way selective calling services
4.
NETWORK CAPACITY OPTIMIZATION METHOD, APPARATUS AND SYSTEM
The present application relates to the technical field of communications. Provided are a method, apparatus and system for optimizing network capacity. A solution is used for adjusting the network capacity of an area according to the demands of network capacity optimization, such that the network capacity performance of the area meets requirements. The solution comprises: acquiring demand information for network capacity optimization, which demand information at least comprises a network capacity optimization target, wherein the network capacity optimization target is used for describing the requirements met by the network capacity performance of a first area; according to the demand information for network capacity optimization, determining, for the first area, a network capacity optimization solution, which is at least used for repairing a network capacity problem existing in the first area; and optimizing the network capacity of the first area by using the network capacity optimization solution. By means of the solution, a network capacity optimization target can be satisfied, that is, the optimized network capacity performance of an area meets requirements as soon as possible. When a network capacity optimization limiting condition is comprised, it is convenient to know in a timely manner whether the network capacity performance of a first area satisfies the network capacity optimization target.
Embodiments of this application provide a positioning method, an apparatus, and a system, so that a network side obtains accurate geographical location information of a terminal device in time in a satellite communication scenario. The method includes: After determining that a trigger condition occurs, an access network device sends first location information of a terminal device to a core network device, where the first location information includes a first tracking area identity TAI, and the first TAI is an identifier of a tracking area in which the terminal device is currently located. This application is applicable to the field of communication technologies.
Provided in the present application are a communication method, a communication apparatus and a communication system. The method comprises: according to satellite coverage information of a terminal device, determining sleep time information of the terminal device, wherein the satellite coverage information indicates a time period within which the terminal device is covered by a satellite network and/or a time period within which the terminal device is not covered by the satellite network, and a sleep time period corresponding to the sleep time information comprises the time period within which the terminal device is not covered by the satellite network; and sending the sleep time information to the terminal device. In the solution, sleep time information is determined according to satellite coverage information of a terminal device, and a sleep time period corresponding to the sleep time information comprises a time period within which the terminal device is not covered by a satellite network, such that it is ensured that the terminal device can sleep as much as possible in the time period within which the terminal device is not covered by the satellite network, thereby avoiding unnecessary network connection operations such as cell selection, so as to reduce energy consumption of the terminal device.
Embodiments of this application provide a communication method, a communication apparatus, and a communication system. The method includes: A data analytics network element receives a request message from a core network element or a third-party network element, where the request message is used to request an analytics result. The data analytics network element sends, to the core network element or the third-party network element, block information and an analytics result corresponding to the block information, where a coverage area of a block corresponding to the block information is smaller than a coverage area of a cell. In this solution, the data analytics network element provides the core network element or the third-party network element with an analytics result at a block granularity that is finer than a cell granularity, so that a more refined operation based on the analytics result at the block granularity can be performed.
This application provides a communication method and apparatus. The method may include: A first session management network element obtains IP address information of a visited network. The first session management network element sends the IP address information to an edge application server discovery network element. The first session management network element and the edge application server discovery network element are network elements deployed in a home network. After a terminal device accesses the visited network through HR roaming, the terminal device may access a service in the visited network by using the IP address information.
The present application provides a communication method and apparatus, which can implement user plane integrity on-demand protection in a 4th generation (4G) network. The method comprises: when a first condition is met, an access network device of a first network type obtaining user plane integrity protection indication information and an integrity protection algorithm identifier of a second network type, and sending a first message to a terminal device; and activating user plane integrity protection of a first data radio bearer (DRB) according to a first key and an integrity protection algorithm of the second network type. The first condition comprises: determining that a first DRB between the access network device of the first network type and the terminal device is established, and determining that the user plane integrity protection of the first DRB is enabled. The user plane integrity protection indication information is used for indicating that the user plane integrity protection of the first DRB is enabled. The first message comprises the user plane integrity protection indication information and the integrity protection algorithm identifier of the second network type.
This application provides a handover method, a communication apparatus, and a computer storage medium. The method includes: A first access network device determines, based on coverage information of a neighboring access network device and route information of a terminal, a second access network device that can provide a communication service for the terminal, and sends a handover request message to the second access network device. Adaptation between a moving path of the terminal and a coverage range of a neighboring base station is considered in a process of determining a target access network device or a candidate target access network device, so that the terminal can be handed over to an access network device that matches the moving path of the terminal.
Provided are a method and apparatus for information transmission. The method may include: a first session management network element selecting an edge application server discovery network element, where the first session management network element and the edge application server discovery network element are network elements deployed in a visited network; the first session management network element sends address information of the edge application server discovery network element. In this way, after a terminal device accesses the visited network via an HR roaming mode, the edge application server discovery network element selected by the first session management network element can be used for accessing a service in the visited network.
The present application discloses a communication method and apparatus, which are used for transmitting UCI by means of a channel occupying a plurality of time units. The method is as follows: after determining the number of coded modulation symbols of first UCI, a terminal device may send the first UCI to a network device by means of a first channel occupying a plurality of time units; wherein the number of coded modulation symbols of the first UCI is determined according to the number of time units N occupied by the first channel and/or a scaling factor K of a transport block carried by the first channel, so that the UCI may be transmitted by means of the channel occupying the plurality of time units.
This application provides a radio frame sending method and apparatus, and a radio frame receiving method and apparatus. First information for identifying a first MLD in an MLE is included in a radio frame, so that a receiver of the radio frame obtains information of the first MLD from the MLE based on the first information after receiving the radio frame. In the method, a first AP generates the radio frame including the MLE, the MLE carries the information of the first MLD, the MLE includes the first information, and the first information identifies the first MLD; and the first AP sends the radio frame. This application is applied to a wireless local area network system supporting next-generation Wi-Fi protocols of IEEE 802.11ax, for example 802.11be (or referred to as the EHT protocol) and other 802.11 family of protocols.
14.
METHOD FOR DETERMINING KEY OBTAINING MANNER, COMMUNICATION METHOD, AND COMMUNICATION APPARATUS
This application provides a method for determining a key obtaining manner, a communication method, and a communication apparatus. The method for determining the key obtaining mannerincludes: When a preset condition is met, a first terminal device sends a first message to a secondterminal device, where the first message includes first indication information, the first indication information indicates to obtain a first PC5 key in a control plane manner, and the first PC5 key is a key used for a PC5 link between the first terminal device and the second terminal device; and the first terminal device receives, from the second terminal device, a response message of the first message, where the response message indicates whether the second terminal device can obtain thefirst PC5 key. Based on this application, a problem of how to determine a manner of obtaining aPC5 key can be resolved.
Some embodiments of the present disclosure provide a manner to enabling high-resolution sensing, localization, imaging, and environment reconstruction capabilities in a wireless communication system. A radio frequency (RF) map of the environment includes coarse location and orientation information for at least one reflector and at least one targeted device of the wireless communication system. A fine sensing procedure may involve using the information in the RF map to carry out sensing in a more limited region of the environment. The second stage may employ a sensing signal configuration provided to at least one device to be sensed in the limited region, so that the at least one device may assist in the sensing.
G01S 5/02 - Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position-line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using radio waves
This application provides a feature map encoding and decoding method and an apparatus, and relates to the field of artificial intelligence (Al)-based data encoding and decoding technologies, and specifically, to the field of neural network-based data encoding and decoding technologies. The feature map decoding method includes: obtaining a bitstream of a to-be-decoded feature map, where the to-be-decoded feature map includes a plurality of feature elements; obtaining a first probability estimation result corresponding to each feature element based on the bitstream, where the first probability estimation result includes a first peak probability; determining a set of first feature elements and a set of second feature elements from the plurality of feature elements based on a first threshold and the first peak probability corresponding to each feature element; and obtaining a decoded feature map based on the set of first feature elements and the set of second feature elements. A decoding manner of each feature element is determined based on the probability estimation result and the first peak probability corresponding to each feature element. This can improve encoding and decoding performance while reducing encoding and decoding complexity.
H04N 19/136 - Incoming video signal characteristics or properties
H04N 19/593 - Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding involving spatial prediction techniques
Embodiments of the present application provide a communication method and a communication device. The communication method comprises: a mobility management device acquires first information of a terminal device, the first information comprising a home network identifier and/or a routing indicator of the terminal device, the first information instructing the mobility management device to select a second authentication device of a second network, the credential of the terminal device belonging to the second network, and the second network not deploying the second authentication device; the mobility management device selects a first authentication device according to the first information, the first authentication device and the mobility management device belonging to a first network. By means of the method, when the second network does not deploy the second authentication device, the present application can enable the terminal device to be authenticated.
This application provides a communication method and a multi-link device. The method includes: When only one of a plurality of links is successfully established, a first MLD performs air interface transmission with a second MLD according to a single-link communication rule. The plurality of links may be a plurality of links that the first MLD requests to establish, or the plurality of links may be a plurality of links that have been successfully established between the first MLD and the second MLD. According to the solution in this application, when only one of the plurality of links is successfully established, the first MLD does not perform air interface transmission with the second MLD according to a multi-link communication rule. Specifically, an address 2 field carried in a frame over the air that is sent by the first MLD is a MAC address of the first MLD. In a secure procedure, an address used by the first MLD for key generation may also be the MAC address of the first MLD. Therefore, the address used by the first MLD for key generation may be consistent with the address 2 field carried in air interface transmission.
The present disclosure provides a method of updating a target driving policy for an autonomous vehicle at a target location is provided, comprising the steps of obtaining, by the vehicle, vehicle driving data at the target location; transmitting, by the vehicle, the obtained vehicle driving data and a current target driving policy for the target location to a data center; performing, by the data center, traffic simulations for the target location using the vehicle driving data to obtain an updated target driving policy; and transmitting, by the data center, the updated target driving policy to the vehicle.
A communication method and apparatus. The method comprises: a terminal device acquiring first information and second information, wherein the first information is used for determining the length of a first-type symbol component, the second information is used for determining at least one of the length of a second-type symbol component and the length of a third-type symbol component, and the length of the first-type symbol component is greater than the length of the third-type symbol component; the terminal device determining a plurality of block signals according to the first information and the second information, and processing each of the plurality of block signals, so as to obtain an OFDM symbol corresponding to the block signal; and the terminal device sending the OFDM symbols. By means of the method, an FFT receiving window corresponding to a first OFDM symbol can be delayed compared with a conventional FFT receiving window, thereby reducing the inter-symbol interference on the first OFDM symbol.
This application provides an interference measurement method and an apparatus. The interference measurement method includes: A network device sends first indication information to a terminal device. The first indication information indicates the terminal device to measure signal quality of a first signal. The network device sends the first signal to the terminal device by using N analog beams. N is an integer greater than or equal to 1, and the analog beam meets a first preset condition. The network device receives a measurement result from the terminal device. The measurement result is the signal quality of the first signal. According to the interference measurement method and the apparatus provided in this application, measurement overheads can be reduced.
Disclosed are a communication method and an apparatus, the method comprising: in accordance with at least one of a first frequency band, an uplink load or uplink resources, a network device determines, from a second frequency band and a third frequency band, the frequency band of a first on-chip radio frequency, wherein: the first frequency band is a frequency band corresponding to a first component carrier of a terminal apparatus, the second frequency band is identical to the frequency band of a second on-chip radio frequency, and the uplink resources are used to carry a radio signal of the terminal apparatus. The network device can likewise receive a radio signal from the terminal apparatus via the first on-chip radio frequency and via the second on-chip radio frequency. The method can flexibly adjust the frequency band of a first on-chip radio frequency, allowing a network device to simultaneously receive a radio signal from a terminal apparatus via an array plane of a first on-chip radio frequency and via an array plane of a second on-chip radio frequency, thereby preventing idle array planes and improving uplink transmission performance.
This application provides a wireless communication method and a communication apparatus. The wireless communication method includes: A terminal device sends first information to a network device on a first carrier, where the first information is for determining channel information on the first carrier, and the channel information on the first carrier includes a modulation and coding scheme MCS and/or spectrum efficiency on the first carrier. The terminal device receives second information from the network device, where the second information is for scheduling a transmission resource on a second carrier, the second information indicates channel information on the second carrier, the channel information on the second carrier includes an MCS and/or spectrum efficiency on the second carrier, and the channel information on the second carrier is determined based on the channel information on the first carrier. According to the communication method, a multi-carrier transmission rate can be increased, and spectrum usage efficiency can be improved, so that system transmission performance can be improved.
This application relates to the field of wireless communication, and is applied to a wireless local area network supporting 802.11 series standards, and in particular, to an NDPA frame transmission method and a related apparatus. The method includes: A beamformer (for example, an AP) generates and sends a universal NDPA frame, where an NDPA variant field (namely, BO and Bl in a sounding dialog token field) included in the universal NDPA frame is set to any one of 00, 01, 10, and 11, and every two octets following the sounding dialog token field in the universal NDPA frame include one AID 11 or one disambiguation bit. If the AID 11 is in a station information field, the AID 11 is less than or equal to 2007; or if the AID 11 is in an extended common field, the AID 11 is greater than 2007. The disambiguation bit is forcibly set to 1. Embodiments of this application can be applied to a future 802.11 standard to support channel sounding, and can further prevent a STA of an earlier version from misreading.
The present application provides a method and apparatus for determining position. The method may comprise: a first terminal device receiving a first message from a second terminal device, the first message being used to request a first target location, and the first target location comprising at least one of the following: a first relative position, an absolute position of a third terminal device, or a second relative position, the first relative position being used to characterize a relative position between the third terminal device and the first terminal device, and the second relative position being used to characterize a relative position between the third terminal device and the second terminal device; and the first terminal device sending the first target location to the second terminal device according to the first message. By means of the present application, a first terminal device assists a second terminal device in obtaining a relative position between a third terminal device and the second terminal device. This not only achieves relative positioning between the second terminal device and the third terminal device, but can also improve the accuracy of the relative position between the third terminal device and the second terminal device.
Embodiments of this disclosure provide an information transmission method, a communication apparatus, a storage medium, a chip, and a program product. The method includes: receiving, by a first device, a trigger-based frame from a second device, where the trigger-based frame includes distributed resource unit indication information; determining one or more distributed resource blocks based on the distributed resource unit indication information, where each distributed resource block includes N1 data subcarriers and N2 pilot subcarriers, and an absolute value of an index difference between every two data subcarriers of N3 data subcarriers inthe N1 data subcarriers is greater than or equal to 4; and sending a response to the trigger-basedframe to the second device on the one or more distributed resource blocks. In this manner, subcarriers included in a DRU can be fully discrete, and pilot subcarriers included in the DRU can also be fully discrete. Therefore, compared with a continuous RU, the DRU can implement a maximum power amplification multiple at a same power spectral density. This improves transmission efficiency.
This application relates to the wireless communication field, and in particular, to a TB PPDU transmission method and a related apparatus, and is applied to a wireless local area network supporting the 802.11 standard. The method includes: A station receives a triggering frame from an AP, where the triggering frame includes DRU indication information indicating information about a DRU allocated to the station, and the DRU is one or more of predefined discrete resource blocks. For details about the predefined discrete resource blocks, refer to descriptions in embodiments of this application. Then, the station determines, based on an indication of the DRU indication information, the DRU allocated to the station, and sends a TB PPDU by using the DRU allocated to the station. In comparison with a manner in which a continuous RU is used, in amanner in embodiments of this application, a transmit power of a STA can be increased withoutan increase of a power spectral density, to obtain a higher gain.
This application relates to the field of wireless communication, and is specifically applied to a wireless local area network that supports the 802.11 series standards, and in particular, to a communication method and a related apparatus. The method includes: A non-AP MLD receives a first frame from a first AP when performing a listening operation on a first link. The non-AP MLD switches (some or all of) spatial streams/antennas on each link of the non-AP MLD to the first link to perform a frame exchange with the first AP. When determining that any preset condition in a preset condition set is met, the non-AP MLD switches some spatial streams/antennas on the first link back to each link (or another link) to perform the listening operation. According to embodiments of this application, SM PS and EMLSR may be combined for communication, to resolve a problem that end of a frame exchange is defined by directly reusing an existing SM PS rule is not applicable to the EMLSR.
This application provides a method for sending a PPDU and a communication apparatus. The method may be applied to some scenarios in which PPDU alignment needs to be implemented. For example, in multi-link transmission of non-simultaneous transmit and receive, it needs to be ensured that a time error of simultaneous ending of a plurality of PPDUs does not exceed 8 microseconds. In the method, a transmitter controls duration of one or more fields of a PE field, an EHT-SIG field, and an EHT-LTF field of the PPDU, and/or delays a sending time of the PPDU, so that an error between an end time of the PPDU and a specific time (for example, a first time) is not greater than an error threshold, thereby implementing PPDU alignment. This application is applied to a wireless local area network system supporting next-generation IEEE 802.11ax Wi-Fi protocols, for example, the 802.11 series protocols such as the 802.llbe or the EHT.
This application provides a communication method and apparatus. A value of a specific element of a first AP (or a second AP) is reused in a management frame, to indicate specific elements of a plurality of APs in a multiple BSSID set to which the first AP (or the second AP) belongs. The management frame does not need to carry a plurality of same specific elements in the multiple BSSID set. This reduces redundant data of the management frame, avoids unnecessary overheads, and improves communication efficiency. This application is applied to a wireless local area network system supporting IEEE 802.11ax next-generation Wi-Fi protocols, for example, 802.11 series protocols such as the 802.11be or the EHT.
Embodiments of this application relate to a data communication method and an apparatus. In the method, a session management function sends a first message to an access management function based on context information of a multicast session corresponding to a multicast and broadcast service MBS. The first message is for triggering reporting of location information of a first terminal device. When the location information indicates a location of the first terminal device, and the session management function determines, based on the location of the first terminal device, that the first terminal device is located outside a service area of the MBS, or the location information indicates that the first terminal device is located outside a service area of the MBS, the session management function stops sending data to the first terminal device. According to this solution, the session management function can determine whether a terminal device can receive or should continue to receive data at a current location, and when the terminal device cannot receive or should not continue to receive the data, stop sending the data to the terminal device. This can reduce a waste of transmission resources, and improve a data sending success rate
H04W 4/06 - Selective distribution of broadcast services, e.g. multimedia broadcast multicast service [MBMS]; Services to user groups; One-way selective calling services
This application provides a communication method and apparatus, to resolve a problem that when a user no longer accesses a MEC platform, an offloading point inserted into a user plane path increases a hop count of the path for accessing a data network, and consequently a path latency is increased, resulting in deterioration of user experience. The method includes: A first session management function network element determines whether a first data network access identifier DNAI is in a service area of the first session management function network element. The first session management function network element sends first information to a first access and mobility management function network element when the first DNAI is in the service area of the first session management function network element, where the first information is used by the first access and mobility management function network element to remove an intermediate session management function network element, and the intermediate session management function network element is a session management function network element that is inserted by the first access and mobility management function network element and that serves a current session.
This application relates to the field of communication technologies. A communication method and an apparatus are provided, to provide a provision manner of a multicast service for a terminal device. An SMF receives a first message from a terminal, where the first message includes a multicast address. The SMF sends a second message to an NRF, where the second message is used to query for an SMF that establishes a multicast session for a multicast service corresponding to the multicast address. The first SMF receives a third message from the NRF, where the third message indicates that the SMF that establishes a multicast session for the multicast service corresponding to the multicast address is not found. The first SM F sends a fourth message to the terminal, where the fourth message indicates that the terminal is rejected to join the multicast session corresponding to the multicast address. A multicast session establishment scenario and a multicast session configuration scenario are distinguished by using the second message, and authorization verification may be performed on the multicast service. When the authorization verification fails, the NRF does not allocate an SMF to the first SMF for multicast session establishment, to properly provide a provision manner of the multicast service for the terminal device.
H04W 4/06 - Selective distribution of broadcast services, e.g. multimedia broadcast multicast service [MBMS]; Services to user groups; One-way selective calling services
34.
TRANSMISSION CONTROL METHOD IN SATELLITE COMMUNICATION SYSTEM AND RELATED APPARATUS
This application discloses a transmission control method in a satellite communication system and a related apparatus. A terminal may determine, through satellite selection, a target satellite with a strongest signal from at least one geosynchronous orbit satellite. The terminal maydetermine a satellite transmission link direction based on location information of the terminal and location information of the target satellite. The terminal may further determine a radiation direction of a satellite antenna in the terminal based on geomagnetic data, attitude data, and the like of the terminal. Then, the terminal may enable, by using the satellite transmission link direction and the radiation direction of the satellite antenna, the radiation direction of the satellite antenna in theterminal to be aligned with the target satellite. After aligning with the target satellite, the terminal may send a first data packet to the target satellite along the radiation direction of the satellite antenna. In this way, without relying on an external component, a user can align the radiation direction of the satellite antenna in the terminal with the target satellite, to enhance communication performance between the terminal and the target satellite, and simplify satellite selection andsatellite alignment operations performed by the user.
Asynchronization raster design method and an apparatus are provided. The method includes: A network device determines a first bandwidth. A frequency range corresponding to the first bandwidth is above 52.6 gigahertz GHz. The network device configures a plurality of synchronization rasters in the first bandwidth according to a first rule. One synchronization signal block SSB is placed on each synchronization raster, and each synchronization raster corresponds to one global synchronization number. According to the synchronization raster design method provided in this application, an adaptive first bandwidth can be provided for different subcarrier spacings. In the first bandwidth, a synchronization raster is properly designed, to place a synchronization signal block SSB, so that a terminal device can access a target SSB by traversing as few SSBs as possible in a search capability range. This reduces power consumption of the terminal device and improves SSB search efficiency of the terminal device.
This application provides an encoding and decoding method, and an apparatus. The decoding method in this application includes: decoding a bitstream, to obtain a first feature map, where a resolution of the first feature map is lower than a resolution of an original picture; and reconstructing a second feature map based on a first neural network, to obtain a reconstructed picture, where a resolution of the second feature map and a resolution of the reconstructed picture each are a target resolution, the target resolution is lower than the resolution of the original picture, and the second feature map is the first feature map, or the second feature map is a feature map obtained by processing the first feature map based on a second neural network. In this application, efficiency of obtaining the reconstructed picture can be improved, to improve a speed at which a digital video application displays a thumbnail of the original picture.
A phase tracking reference signal transmission method and apparatus are provided. The method includes: determining a first PTRS pattern; and transmitting a PTRS based on the first PTRS pattern. The first PTRS pattern belongs to a first PTRS pattern set, which includes a plurality of PTRS patterns, and none of all PTRS groups in each PTRS pattern in an OFDM symbol is located at a tail of the OFDM symbol; and the PTRS pattern includes a plurality of PTRS groups, and each PTRS group includes a plurality of consecutive PTRS sampling points. None of all PTRS groups in a PTRS pattern is located at the tail of the OFDM symbol, to reduce impact of a parameter on precision of phase noise estimated based on the PTRS, so that when the PTRS is transmitted based on the PTRS pattern, the demodulation performance and spectral efficiency can be improved.
This application provides a secure communication method applicable to a scenario in which a terminal device accesses a network in a manner of non-seamless wireless local area network offloading NSWO, and the method includes: A unified data management entity receives indication information from an authentication server function entity; and the unified data management entity selects extensible authentication protocol-authentication and key agreement EAP-AKA' from at least two authentication manners based on the indication information, to perform authentication with the terminal device. According to the secure communication method and an apparatus provided in this application, the UDM is indicated to select an EAP-AKA' authentication method, so that an authentication procedure between UE and a 5GC in the NSWO scenario can be improved.
This application provides a method and an apparatus for discovering an edge application server. The method includes: A session management function network element that serves a session of a terminal apparatus obtains information about at least one edge application server EAS, or obtains indication information of an EAS that cannot serve the terminal apparatus; and determines first information based on the obtained information. The first information is used to determine information about an ECS option, or the first information is used to determine an address of a local domain name system DNS server. The information about the ECS option or the address of the local DNS server is used to determine an EAS that serves the terminal apparatus. The first information is determined when the information about the EAS or the EAS that cannot serve the terminal apparatus is considered, to avoid deterioration of quality of service of the EAS.
This application provides a communication method and apparatus, and relates to the communication field. The method includes: generating a physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU, where the PPDU includes a first field indicating that the PPDU is an extremely high throughput sounding null data packet (EHT sounding NDP) transmitted based on orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA), the PPDU further includes an extremely high throughput-long training field (EHT-LTF) and a packet extension (PE) field, and the PE field is adjacent to the EHT-LTF; and sending the PPDU. In this way, a Bfee may determine, based on the first field in the PPDU, that the PPDU is the EHT sounding NDP transmitted based on OFDMA, perform channel estimation by using the PPDU, and feed back channel state information to a Bfer, to implement functions such as beamforming and resource scheduling for OFDMA transmission, thereby improving channel quality and a throughput.
The present application provides a buffer report sending method and device and a buffer report receiving method and device, applicable to a scenario that a plurality of uplinks/downlinks are established between a non-AP MLD and an AP MLD in a Wi-Fi system, such that data on a sidelink can be sent in time, thereby reducing a transmission delay on the sidelink. The buffer report sending method comprises: a non-AP MLD generates a buffer report, and sends the buffer report to an AP MLD on a first uplink/downlink of a plurality of uplinks/downlinks. The buffer report is used for requesting a duration that a first membership non-AP STA in the non-AP MLD performs sidelink transmission on a first sidelink, the first sidelink is a link between a first target non-AP STA and the first membership non-AP STA, and the first target non-AP STA and the first membership non-AP STA belong to a same BSS. Correspondingly, after receiving the buffer report, the AP MLD may allocate a second transmission duration to the first membership non-AP STA, the second transmission duration comprising a duration for the first membership non-AP STA to perform sidelink transmission on the first sidelink.
Embodiments of this application provide a radio frame sending method and apparatus, and a radio frame receiving method and apparatus, to carry station information of a multi-link station device in a manner in which a plurality of MLEs of a radio frame carry station information of a same link. This avoids a radio frame transmission failure and improves communication efficiency. In the method, a multi-link device generates a radio frame, where the radio frame includes a firstmulti-link element MLE and a second MLE, the first MLE includes a first information element,the second MLE includes a second information element, and the first information element and the second information element correspond to station information of a same link. Then, the multi-link device sends the radio frame. This application is applied to a wireless local area network system supporting next-generation Wi-Fi protocols of the IEEE 802.11ax, for example, the 802.11 series protocols such as the 802.11be or the EHT.
This application relates to a sensing session establishment method and a communication apparatus. This application is applied to a wireless local area network system supporting IEEE 802.11ax next-generation Wi-Fi protocols, for example, 802.11 series protocols such as the802.11be or the EHT. The sensing session establishment method includes: An access point sends a first frame to a first station, where the first frame includes first information, the first information indicates a first role of the first station in a sensing session, the first role of the first station in the sensing session is a transmitter and/or a receiver, and the first station is a station participating in the sensing session in a second station associated with the access point; and the access pointreceives a second frame from the first station, where the second frame includes confirm information for the first frame. According to this application, in a manner in which the access point sends, to a station, a data frame used to configure a role of the station in a sensing session, the access point can flexibly manage the station participating in the sensing session.
This application provides a method and an apparatus for reporting buffered data. The method includes: a station STA generates a first frame, where the first frame includes first information, the first information includes time information, the time information indicates a first time, and a first buffered data packet needs to be sent within the first time; and the STA sends the first frame. In this way, the first buffered data packet can be sent in time, and a delay requirement of an urgent service is met.
This application provides a pilot signal transmission method and a related apparatus. The method includes: a first device determines a first frequency band to which a discrete RU allocated to the first device belongs; and the first device sends a first pilot signal of the first device to a second device on all pilot subcarriers included in the first frequency band. According to embodiments of this application, problems such as narrowband interference and frequency selective fading are avoided, and pilot signal transmission reliability is improved.
This application provides a communication mode switching method and a related apparatus. The method may include: A first terminal device sends a first message to a second terminal device, where the first message is used to request to switch at least one service between the first terminal device and the second terminal device from a PC5 interface communication mode to a Uu interface communication mode; and after receiving the first message of the first terminal device, the second terminal device sends a second message to the first terminal device, to notify that some or all of the at least one service are allowed to be switched from the PC5 interface communication mode to the Uu communication mode. According to the method, switching of one or more services from the PC5 interface communication mode to the Uu interface communication mode can be completed through negotiation between terminal devices.
This application provides a communication method and apparatus, and a computer-readable storage medium. The communication method includes: receiving first indication information from a network device, where the first indication information is used to determine a frequency-domain position to which a physical uplink control channel PUCCH resource is mapped; and sending information to the network device in first duration by using the PUCCH resource, where frequency-domain positions to which the PUCCH resource is mapped in at least two consecutive time units in the first duration are different. According to the technical solutions provided in this application, a limitation of a frequency-hopping gain of the PUCCH resource can be reduced, and coverage can be enhanced.
This application provides a method for sending data in a wireless network, and a related apparatus. The method includes: A first device determines a distributed resource unit RU allocated to the first device, where the distributed RU includes data subcarriers and pilot subcarriers, all subcarriers of one distributed RU are distributed on a first frequency band, a size of the first frequency band is 20 MHz, the first frequency band includes a maximum of 18 pilot subcarriers that are disposed at an interval, a quantity of pilot subcarriers included in one distributed RU is greater than or equal to 2, and at least two pilot subcarriers included in one distributed RU are spaced by at least M pilot subcarriers; and the first device sends a physical layer protocol data unit PPDU on the distributed RU. According to embodiments of this application, problems such as narrowband interference and frequency selective fading are avoided, and pilot signal transmission reliability is improved.
This application provides a resource indication method and apparatus, and relates to the field of communication technologies. In the method, the first communication apparatus may receive resource indication information. The resource indication information may include resource unit allocation information for indicating one or more first VRUs, and station information of a station to which the one or more first VRUs are allocated. There is a mapping relationship between the first PRU and the first VRU. The first communication apparatus transmits data on the first PRU. Because a continuous VRU is mapped to a discrete PRU, it is equivalent to reducing a quantity of subcarriers per MHz, so that the second communication apparatus can support a larger transmit power. This application is applied to a wireless local area network system supporting IEEE 802.11ax next-generation Wi-Fi protocols, for example, 802.11 series protocols such as the 802.11be or the EHT.
H04W 52/36 - Transmission power control [TPC] using constraints in the total amount of available transmission power with a discrete range or set of values, e.g. step size, ramping or offsets
50.
COMMUNICATION METHOD AND DEVICE, STORAGE MEDIUM, AND PROGRAM PRODUCT
Provided in the embodiments of the present disclosure are a method for communication, a device, a storage medium, and a program product. In the communication method of the present disclosure, physical layer protocol data units (PPDU) are sent or received on the basis of a subcarrier plan of a first bandwidth. The subcarrier plan comprises physical resource units (PRU), and the PRU are composed of discrete subcarriers. In the embodiments of the present disclosure, a PRU composed of discrete subcarriers is obtained by means of processing an original nominal RU. The subcarriers of the discrete PRU may be evenly distributed over a larger bandwidth, and the subcarrier division of the original nominal RU is not changed. In addition, whilst ensuring that the data transmission does not produce a greater PAPR due to the dispersion of the carriers, the transmitter is able to communicate with a greater transmission power.
An optical cable, comprising an outer jacket (100), a main optical fiber (200), and at least two reinforcing members (300), wherein the main optical fiber (200) and the reinforcing members (300) are all located inside the outer jacket (100), the extension directions of the main optical fiber (200) and the reinforcing members (300) are consistent, the at least two reinforcing members (300) are provided at intervals on the periphery of the main optical fiber (200), and at least one reinforcing member (300) is an auxiliary optical fiber. The at least one reinforcing member (300) on one side of the main optical fiber (200) is configured as an auxiliary optical fiber, so that the auxiliary optical fiber serving as the reinforcing member (300) can not only enhance the tensile capacity of the whole optical cable to play a role in protecting the main optical fiber (200) from being damaged under the action of external force, but also can be used for transmitting an optical signal; after the main optical fiber (200) is damaged, the whole optical cable does not need to be replaced, the auxiliary optical fiber is directly fusion-spliced, and the auxiliary optical fiber is used for signal transmission; and the normal use of the optical cable is not only ensured, but also the maintenance of the optical cable is more convenient, and the maintenance cost is also saved.
A procedure and frame structure for Wi-Fi sensing is described. An aspect of the disclosure provides a method of sensing. Such a method includes sending, by an initiating station (STA) to one or more responder STAs, a sensing request comprising a sensing announcement frame (SAF) indicating sensing set-up information including frame structure information. The SAF includes at least one field indicating the frame structure information including one or more of: a sensing set¬ up identifier (ID), an SAF version ID, a sensing session ID, a measurement set-up ID, and a measurement instance ID. The method further includes receiving, by the initiating STA from the one or more responder STAs, one or more responses based on the sensing request.
This application provides a feedback indication method and apparatus, to more comprehensively indicate a feedback, so as to improve applicability of a sensing technology in a scenario of a plurality of devices and a plurality of interactions. The method and the apparatus may be applied to a communication system. The method includes: A first device generates a first frame, and sends die first frame. The first frame includes first information, and the first information indicates a feedback type of a first feedback and/or a feedback type of a second feedback. The first feedback and the second feedback are feedbacks at different levels.
H04L 1/16 - Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel in which the return channel carries supervisory signals, e.g. repetition request signals
54.
SENSING RESULT FEEDBACK METHOD, APPARATUS, DEVICE, AND MEDIUM
A sensing result feedback method, an apparatus, a device, and a medium are provided. In an example method, a sensing initiating device sends an indication about truncation and feedback of a time domain channel estimation and sensing sequence to a first sensing responding device. The first sensing responding device truncates the received time domain channel estimation and sensing sequence based on the indication, and feeds back the truncated time domain channel estimation and sensing sequence. Therefore, a sensing sender may perform channel estimation and target sensing based on the truncated time domain channel estimation and sensing sequence. In this manner, feedback overheads can be significantly reduced, and sensing performance can be ensured to some extent.
An access point AP receives action information separately reported by N stations STAs. N pieces of action information are used to determine a training result of a first neural network of each STA. N is a positive integer. The AP determines the training result of the first neural network of each STA based on the N pieces of action information, and sends the training result of the first neural network of each STA to the corresponding STA. The training result of the first neural network of each STA is determined based on the action information reported by the N STAs, instead of only the action information of the STA. This can improve a prediction capability of the first neural network, help improve a capability of each STA to predict channel access behavior of another STA, and improve a system throughput and reduce a communication latency.
This application relates to the field of wireless communication, and in particular, to a PPDll transmission method and a related apparatus, and is specifically applied to a wireless local area network supporting the 802.11 series standards. The method includes: A station receives a trigger frame from an access point. The trigger frame is used to trigger the station to perform EHTTB PPDU transmission, the trigger frame further indicates a resource unit allocated to the station, and the trigger frame includes first indication information indicating that the station can perform EHTTB PPDU transmission on a portion of the allocated resource unit. The station sends an EHTTB PPDU based on an indication of the first indication information. According to embodiments of this application, when a portion of an MRU/RU allocated to the station is idle and another portion is busy, the station can be supported in transmitting the EHTTB PPDU on the idle portion of the RU, to improve spectrum resource utilization.
Embodiments of the present invention provide a connector, an adapter, a connector assembly,and a communications device. The adapter includes a housing and a first buckle. A first accommodating space is disposed in the housing, the first accommodating space forms an opening on the housing, a first groove is disposed on the housing, and the first accommodating space is configured to accommodate a first outer housing of the connector from the opening. The first buckle is disposed in the first accommodating space and fastened to the housing, the first buckleincludes a first protrusion and a second protrusion, and the first protrusion is configured tocooperate with a first slot on the first outer housing to fasten the adapter and the connector. The first groove is configured to provide a movable space for the second protrusion, and the second protrusion is configured to move in the first groove under an external force and drive the first protrusion away from the first slot. The connector and the adapter can be easily unlocked by using embodiments of the present invention.
This application relates to the field of wireless communication, specifically applied to a wireless local area network that supports the 802.11 series standards, and in particular, to a method for determining transmit power in a wireless local area network and a related apparatus. The method includes: A station receives a trigger frame from a first access point, where the trigger frame is used to trigger the station to send a TB PPDU and indicate a resource unit allocated to the station. The station selects, based on a channel busy/idle state detected through sensing, someresource units from the allocated resource unit to transmit the TB PPDU, and calculates transmitpower of the station based on a ratio of the selected resource units to the allocated resource unit. The station sends the TB PPDU on the selected resource units at the transmit power. According to embodiments of this application, in a scenario in which the station performs transmission by usingsome RUs/MRUs in an allocated MRU/RU, transmit power of the station can be reduced, to reduceinterference of the station to another device.
Provided in the present application are a feedback method and apparatus, which are used for improving the accuracy of channel measurement. In the method, a first communication apparatus can receive first information, which comprises at least one of the following information: information for indicating the number of times of CSI measurement required for calculating a channel change degree, a CSI type and rule, which are used for calculating the channel change degree, and a feedback suggestion parameter, wherein the feedback suggestion parameter is used for indicating a suggested feedback manner. The first information is used for screening second communication apparatuses, and the first communication apparatus can determine, according to the first information, which second communication apparatus or second communication apparatuses to trigger. By means of sending a second PPDU, the second communication apparatus is triggered to send a feedback result, and correspondingly, the first communication apparatus receives the feedback result. The present application is applied to a wireless local area network system, which supports a next-generation WiFi protocol of IEEE 802.11ax, for example, 802.11 series protocols such as 802.11be or EHT.
This application provides an antenna, which is particularly used in a millimeter-wave radar or a broadband radar. A convex structure and a concave structure are formed on a side of a wide microstrip line in the antenna. A shape and a size of the convex structure and/or a shape and a size of the concave structure, a distance between convex structures, a distance between concave structures, and/or a distance between the convex structure and the concave structure are designed, to enable the convex structure and the concave structure to resonate at different frequencies. In this way, the convex structure and the concave structure support radiation of signals on different frequency bands, so that broadband radiation of the antenna is implemented.
H01Q 1/36 - Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella
H01Q 5/20 - Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements characterised by the operating wavebands
Embodiments of this application relate to the field of communication technologies, and provide a data transmission method and an apparatus. A second communication apparatus sends a trigger frame, to trigger at least one first communication apparatus that includes a firstcommunication apparatus to transmit an uplink PPDU. After receiving the trigger frame, the at least one first communication apparatus sends the PPDU to the second communication apparatus based on the trigger frame. The PPDU includes a data field and an STF sequence, the data field is carried in a distributed RU, the distributed RU includes a plurality of subcarrier groups that are discrete in frequency domain, one of the subcarrier groups includes one subcarrier or includes atleast two consecutive subcarriers, the STF sequence is carried on all subcarriers of a plurality of consecutive RUs, the plurality of consecutive RUs are consecutive RUs corresponding to the distributed RU, and each of the consecutive RUs includes a plurality of subcarriers that are consecutive in frequency domain. In the foregoing manner, power can be measured accurately by using an STF, a peak to average power ratio is low, and the STF is still periodic.
Embodiments of this application disclose a three-dimensional audio signal processing method and apparatus, to implement sound field classification of a three-dimensional audio signal, to accurately identify the three-dimensional audio signal. An embodiment of this application provides a three-dimensional audio signal processing method, including: performing linear decomposition on a current frame of a three-dimensional audio signal, to obtain a linear decomposition result; obtaining, based on the linear decomposition result, a sound field classification parameter corresponding to the current frame; and determining a sound field classification result of the current frame based on the sound field classification parameter.
This application provides picture or audio encoding and decoding methods and apparatuses. The encoding method includes: obtaining a to-be-encoded target, where the to-be-encoded target includes a plurality of feature elements, and the plurality of feature elements include a first feature element. The method further includes: obtaining a probability estimation result of the first feature element; determining, based on the probability estimation result of the first feature element, whether to perform entropy encoding on the first feature element; and performing entropy encoding on the first feature element only when it is determined that entropy encoding needs to be performed on the first feature element. In this application, whether to encode a feature element is determined based on a probability estimation result. In this way, encoding and decoding complexity can be reduced without affecting encoding and decoding performance. The to-be-encoded target includes a picture feature map or audio feature variable.
H04N 19/13 - Adaptive entropy coding, e.g. adaptive variable length coding [AVLC] or context adaptive binary arithmetic coding [CABAC]
G10L 25/30 - Speech or voice analysis techniques not restricted to a single one of groups characterised by the analysis technique using neural networks
64.
METHOD, DEVICE AND COMPUTER-READABLE MEMORY FOR COMMUNICATIONS WITHIN A RADIO ACCESS NETWORK
A communication method, a communication device and a non-transitory computer readable memory are provided for generating a first message only within a radio access network (RAN) of the wireless communication network and for communicating the first message in a radio bearer (RB) with a second communication device within the RAN. The first message is associated with a first message type, a priority of the first message type being lower than a priority of a second message having second message type communicated via a core network (CN) of the wireless communication network. The first message can comprise control signaling or data.
Embodiments of this application provide a communication method and apparatus, and relate to the field of communications technologies, to resolve a technical problem that a transmitted AP does not carry a parameter element of an AP if the AP has performed a channel switch before the transmitted AP sends a management frame, and therefore a STA associated with the AP cannot learn that the AP has performed the channel switch. The method includes: A first AP generates a management frame, where the management frame includes a capability information field, the capability information field includes first indication information, the first indication information indicates whether another AP in a first AP multi-link device has performed a channel switch, and the first AP multi-link device includes the first AP; and the first AP sends the management frame to a first station STA.
Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a data transmission method, a communication apparatus, a computer-readable storage medium, and a chip. The method comprises: a first multi-link device generates a management frame, the management frame comprising the address of a receiving end, the address of a sending end, and link indication information, and the link indication information being used for indicating that the management frame is applied to at least one link corresponding to the link indication information; and sending the management frame to a second multi-link device on the link where the station indicated by the address of the receiving end or the station indicated by the address of the sending end works. In this way, the management frame in the embodiments of the present disclosure may comprise link indication information for indicating the link to which the management frame is to be applied, such that cross-link transmission of the management frame can be realized, and the second multi-link device can apply the management frame to a correct link, thereby preventing processing errors.
This application discloses a three-dimensional audio signal coding method, including: After obtaining a fourth quantity of coefficients for a current frame of a three-dimensional audio signal and frequency domain feature values of the fourth quantity of coefficients, an encoder selects a third quantity of representative coefficients from the fourth quantity of coefficients based on the frequency domain feature values of the fourth quantity of coefficients, and selects a second quantity of representative virtual speakers for the current frame from a candidate virtual speaker set based on the third quantity of representative coefficients, and then encodes the current frame based on the second quantity of representative virtual speakers for the current frame to obtain a bitstream. The encoder selects the representative virtual speakers from the candidate virtual speaker set by using a small quantity of representative coefficients to represent all coefficients.
G10L 19/00 - Speech or audio signal analysis-synthesis techniques for redundancy reduction, e.g. in vocoders; Coding or decoding of speech or audio signals, using source filter models or psychoacoustic analysis
G10L 19/02 - Speech or audio signal analysis-synthesis techniques for redundancy reduction, e.g. in vocoders; Coding or decoding of speech or audio signals, using source filter models or psychoacoustic analysis using spectral analysis, e.g. transform vocoders or subband vocoders
68.
DATA TRANSMISSION METHOD, COMMUNICATION APPARATUS, COMPUTER-READABLE STORAGE MEDIUM, AND CHIP
A data transmission method, a communication apparatus, a computer-readable storage medium and a chip. The method comprises: a first multi-link device generating a management frame, wherein the management frame comprises a receiving end address, a sending end address and link indication information, and the link indication information is used for indicating that the management frame is applied to at least one link corresponding to the link indication information; and on a link where a station indicated by the receiving end address or a station indicated by the sending end address operates, sending the management frame to a second multi-link device. The management frame may comprise the link indication information for indicating a link to which the management frame is to be applied. Cross-link transmission of the management frame can be realized, and the second multi-link device can apply the management frame to a correct link, thereby avoiding a processing error.
This application provides a service data transmission method and a communication apparatus. The method includes: An application server obtains first information of a multicast broadcast service session; and the application server sends data of a service over the multicast broadcast service session based on the first information. In the foregoing technical solution, the application server may determine, based on related information (for example, information of a terminal in the multicast broadcast service session, or information of the multicast broadcast service session) of the multicast broadcast service session, that the data of the service can be transmitted over the multicast broadcast service session. In this way, the data of the service can be transmitted flexibly over the multicast broadcast service session.
H04W 4/06 - Selective distribution of broadcast services, e.g. multimedia broadcast multicast service [MBMS]; Services to user groups; One-way selective calling services
Embodiments of this application provide a communication method and apparatus, and relate to the field of communication technologies, to resolve a technical problem that more features and functions cannot be supported in the 802.Ube standard or a future Wi-Fi standard if an HLA control subfield continues to be used. The method includes: A first communication apparatus generates a PPDU, and sends the PPDll toa second communication apparatus. The PPDU includes a first field whose quantity of bits is 26, and the first field includes an unsolicited MFB subfield whose quantity of bits is 1 and first indication information whose quantity of bits is 1. When a value of the unsolicited MFB subfield is a first value, the first indication information indicates an MRQ; or when a value of the unsolicited MFB subfield is a second value, the first indication information indicates an UL EHTTB PPDll MFB.
A multi-link wireless AP (110) is configured to exchange a plurality of frames via a plurality of setup links with a plurality of multi-link wireless non-AP stations (120) in a wireless communication network (100). The multi-link wireless AP (110) comprises a communication interface (113) configured to send a management frame to at least one of the plurality of multi-link wireless non-AP stations (120) operating on a first setup link, wherein the management frame comprises information for the at least one of the plurality of multi-link wireless non-AP stations (120) for identifying at least the first setup link of the plurality of setup links to be disabled. The multi-link wireless AP (110) further comprises a processing circuitry (111) configured to, in response to sending the management frame, disable at least the first setup link for reducing a power required to operate at least the first setup link.
Embodiments of the present disclosure provide an information transmission method, a communication apparatus, a computer-readable storage medium, and a chip. In the method, a receiving device receives a data frame from a transmitting device, the data frame occupying a transmission resource block and comprising RU allocation information; the receiving device determines a response resource block on the basis of the transmission resource block and the RU allocation information; and the receiving device sends, on the response resource block, a confirmation frame for the data frame to the transmitting device. By means of the foregoing method, the embodiments of the present disclosure enable a receiving device to determine, on the basis of a transmission resource block and RU allocation information, a response resource block for sending a confirmation frame, so that the receiving device can correctly send the confirmation frame, thereby ensuring the efficiency of information transmission.
This application discloses a communication method and apparatus. The method includes: transmitting, by a second station in a second multi-link device, a first frame to a first station in a first multi-link device, where the first frame is used to request to tear down a TWT agreement for a first link, and the first link is any link in one or more links for which a TWT agreement is set up between the first multi-link device and the second multi-link device; and transmitting, by the first station, a second frame to the second station in response to the first frame. The first station may be any station, and is not limited to a station requesting to set up the TWT agreement. According to solutions in this application, for a TWT agreement set up between multi-link devices, any station may request to tear down the TWT agreement for the first link, thereby improving flexibility of tearing down the TWT agreement for the link.
Embodiments of this application provide a communication method and apparatus, to improve robustness of a communication process and improve accuracy of a sensing result. The communication method includes: generating a first physical layer protocol data unit PPDU, where the first PPDU includes a first field, and the first field indicates that a variation of a channel state does not exceed a threshold; and sending the first PPDU.
This application relates to the field of wireless communication, in particular, to a beacon frame transmission method in an EMLSR mode, and is applied to a wireless local area network supporting the 802.11be standard. The method includes: A TXOP holder sends a first frame before a first delay prior to a next TBTT, where the first frame indicate TXOP termination on a first link, and the first delay is used by an EMLSR non-AP MLD to change a spatial stream on a second link to a state supporting beacon frame reception on the second link; and the non-AP MLD changes, within the first delay after the TXOP termination on the first link, a spatial stream on the second link to supporting successful beacon frame reception on the second link, and receives a beacon frame by using a spatial stream currently supported on the second link at the next TBTT. According to embodiments of this application, a non-AP MLD in an EMLSR mode can be prevented from missing an important beacon frame.
76.
NON-SIMULTANEOUS TRANSMITTING AND RECEIVING CAPABILITY INDICATION METHOD, APPARATUS, AND SYSTEM
This application relates to the field of wireless fidelity Wi-Fi technologies, and in particular, to a non-simultaneous transmitting and receiving capability indication method, an apparatus, and a system. In the method, a first multi-link device MLD may sequentially transmit an association request frame and a management frame to a second MLD. Correspondingly, the second MLD may receive the association request frame and the management frame from the first MLD. The association request frame includes first information, and the first information indicates a first NSTR capability between a first link and a second link. The management frame includes second information, and the second information indicates a second NSTR. capability between the first link and the second link. Based on this solution, an NSTR capability between links can be updated, so that the first MLD and the second MLD have a consistent understanding of the NSTR capability between the links, thereby improving communication efficiency.
Embodiments of this application provide a filtering structure and an electronic device. In the filtering structure, an intermediate assembly is disposed between a chip and a circuit board, a first filtering assembly is disposed inside the intermediate assembly, and at least a part of a secondfiltering assembly is disposed on a surface that is of the circuit board and that is away from theintermediate assembly, so that the first filtering assembly is close to the chip. This shortens a filtering path of the chip, improves a dynamic response capability of the chip, and therefore improves an overall filtering capability.
This application discloses a transmission method for optical communication, which may be applied to various scenarios such as a metropolitan area network, a backbone network, and data center interconnect of over 400 Gbps (including 600 Gbps, 800 Gbps, and the like). The method includes: generating a super-frame including a plurality of sub-frames; and transmitting the super¬ frame, where each sub-frame includes training symbols and pilot symbols, and each of the training symbols and the pilot symbols is one of -A-Aj, -A+Aj, A-Aj, and A+Aj, A being areal number. In addition, in the training symbols and the pilot symbols included in each sub-frame, quantities of - A-Aj, -A+Aj, A-Aj, and A+Aj in two mutually perpendicular polarization directions meet specific requirements, so that direct current balance can be achieved, which helps a receiver end restore a signal.
This application discloses an information indication method and a communication apparatus.A non-AP MLD or a first STA in the non-AP MLD generates a first frame. The first frame includes indication information for indicating padding duration for a channel switch delay in an initial control frame. The padding duration is determined based on duration of a control response frame. The non-AP MLD or the first STA or another STA in the non-AP MLD transmits the first frame. An AP MLD or a first AP or another AP in the AP MLD receives the first frame. The AP MLD or the first AP determines the padding duration of the initial control frame based on the indication information. Based on the foregoing solution, the padding duration of the initial control frame may be accurately determined, so that the first STA can complete switching of a corresponding quantity of transmission channels before a subsequent data frame arrives.
This application provides an information transmission method, an apparatus, and a system, to improve coverage and transmission reliability that are of uplink control information UCI, thereby improving communication efficiency. In the method, after determining UCI, a terminal device sends the uplink control information on N frequency domain resource units, where N is a positive integer greater than 1. Based on this solution, when a power spectral density is determined, a larger quantity of frequency domain resource units may indicate a higher transmit power, so that coverage of the UCI can be increased. In addition, when a quantity of bits of the UCI is small, rate matching may be performed on the N frequency domain resource units, to reduce a code rate, so that transmission reliability is improved.
Embodiments of this application relate to a communication method, a communication apparatus, and a computer-readable storage medium. The provided communication method comprises sending, by an access device, an extremely high throughput EHT operation parameter to a station device, wherein the EHT operation parameter comprises an indicator for indicating packet extension PE duration, a first value of the indicator indicates that the PE duration is 16 ps or 20 ps, and a second value of the indicator indicates that the PE duration is duration specified by a high efficiency HE operation parameter. In this manner, additional processing duration for a receiving device is provided, while alignment of ends of the PE fields is maintained.
This application provides a beam failure recovery method and an apparatus. The method includes: A terminal device receives configuration information of a cell, where the configuration information of the cell includes M beam failure detection resource groups and M candidate beam resource groups, the M beam failure detection resource groups are in a one-to-one correspondence with the IM candidate beam resource groups, and M is an integer. When M is an integer greater than 1, and a beam failure occurs in at least one of the M beam failure detection resource groups, the terminal device sends, by using a first media access control control element (MAC CE), beam failure recovery information corresponding to the cell. According to the beam failure recovery method provided in this application, beam failure recovery can be performed in time.
The present application provides a communication method and apparatus. The method is applied to an unlicensed band, and comprises: receiving first information sent by a network device, the first information comprising a Q value or a first parameter, and the first parameter is used for indicating the state of a discovery burst transmission window (DBTW); and determining the state of the DBTW according to the Q value or the first parameter. The solution provided by the present application can enable a terminal device to determine the state of the DBTW, so that the timing synchronization with the network device can be quickly achieved.
Ulis application provides an information transmission method and an apparatus, to help ensure continuity of performing minimization of drive test measurement by a terminal device when a cell handover occurs on the terminal device. The method includes: A core network device obtains second public land mobile network (PLMN) information of a second cell before a cell handover of a terminal device. After the terminal device is handed over to a first cell, the core network device obtains first PLMN information of the first cell. When a second PLMN does not belong to a PLMN list and a first PLMN belongs to the PLMN list, the core network device sends first information to a first access network device corresponding to the first cell, where the first information includes the PLMN list, and the PLMN list includes a PLMN set that allows the terminal device to perform minimization of drive test. According to the method, when the cell handover occurs on the terminal device, the first access network device existing after the handover can obtain information about the PLMN list in time, thereby ensuring continuity of performing the minimization of drive test by the terminal device.
Provided are a spatial reuse method, an apparatus, a device, and a medium. In the method, a first spatial reuse device receives a portion or all of a PSRR PPDU sent by a second spatial reuse device on a first frequency band. The first frequency band includes one or more subbands with a same bandwidth. The first spatial reuse device determines, based on a value of a spatial reuse parameter SRP at a granularity of the bandwidth and a received power level RPL of the PSRR PPDU at a granularity of the bandwidth, a reference transmit power for sending a PSRT PPDU on a second frequency band. The second frequency band includes one or more subbands with the bandwidth. The second frequency band and the first frequency band at least partially overlap. The RPL of the PSRR PPDU at the granularity of the bandwidth is determined based on one or more of the following: one or more subbands that are in the first frequency band and that are occupied by a portion or all of the PSRR PPDU received by the first spatial reuse device; or a non-punctured subband in the first frequency band or the second frequency band. This reduces interference to reception of a spatial reuse device, and improves system efficiency.
The present disclosure relates to network slice admission control of roaming UEs in wireless communications. To this end, the disclosure proposes a first network entity of a first network being configured to send a first request comprising one or more of a request of a proposed adjustment of the at least one roaming budget of at least one roaming related parameter, a request of a new budget of the at least one roaming budget of at least one roaming related parameter, and a request of the admission control of the at least one roaming UE for the at least one network slice to a second network entity in at least one second network; and receive a first response indicating whether the second network entity accepts or rejects the proposed adjustment of the at least one roaming budget from the second network entity.
Provided are a method for performing feedback based on channel state information (CSI), a device, and a medium. In an example method, a sensing response device obtains CSI data based on channel estimation, and generates power delay profile (PDP) data based on the CSI data. Then, the sensing response device feeds back a part of PDP data in the generated PDP data. Therefore, feedback overheads are reduced. In addition, sensing performance is ensured to some extent.
H04B 7/06 - Diversity systems; Multi-antenna systems, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
This application provides a direct link addressing method and apparatus, so that direct communication can be performed between a non-AP MLD and a non-AP MLD, or between a STA device and a non-AP MLD, thereby improving data transmission efficiency. This application may be applied to a Wi-Fi system. The method is applied to a first device, and the first device includes one or more stations STAs. The first device is connected to a third device, and the third device includes a plurality of access points APs. A second device is connected to the third device, and the second device includes a plurality of STAs. When the first device includes one STA, protected data is constructed by using an address of the first device, an address of the second device, and an address of a first AP connected to the first device. When the first device includes a plurality of STAs, protected data is constructed by using an address of the first device, an address of the second device, and an address of the third device. Therefore, the first device may transmit a first data unit over a direct link between the first device and the second device, thereby increasing a data transmission rate.
A bandwidth determining method, a device, a storage medium, and a program product are provided. In the bandwidth determining method, a first device receives a physical layer protocol data unit PPDU from a second device, where the PPDU is used to determine a scrambling sequence and a service field, and a first group of bits in the scrambling sequence and a second group of bits in the service field indicate a bandwidth. Then, if a check error occurs in the second group of bits, the first device determines a bandwidth for communication between the first device and the second device based on the first group of bits. When the check error occurs in the second group of bits, determining of the bandwidth for communication is not abandoned. This avoids unnecessary retransmission or channel contention.
An aspect of the disclosure provides a method of communication between a first multi-link device (MLD) and a second MLD, the first MLD being affiliated with a first station (STA) and a third STA, the second MLD being affiliated with a second STA and a fourth STA. Such a method includes receiving, by the first multi-link device (MLD) from the first station (STA), a management frame comprising a header indicating address information associated with the second MLD. Such a method further includes encrypting, by the first MLD, the management frame based on a security association established between the first MLD and the second MLD. Such a method further includes sending, by the first MLD, the encrypted management frame toward the second MLD via one of the first STA and the third STA.
In the technical solution provided in this application, a control subfield in a first message sent by a data receiver to a data transmitter includes one or more of the following fields: an EHT indication subfield, a number of spatial streams subfield, an EHT-MCS subfield, and an MSI subfield. One or more of the number of spatial streams subfield, the EHT-MCS subfield, and the MSI subfield meet the following conditions: A number of bits occupied by the MSI subfield is less than or equal to 2, a maximum number of spatial streams that can be indicated by the number of spatial streams subfield is greater than 8, and an MCS indicated by the EHT-MCS subfield includes one or more of the following: 4096-QAM, BPSK-DCM, and BPSK-DCM-DUP.
Systems and methods for WLAN multi-link TDLS key derivation are disclosed. An aspect of the disclosure provides a method for WLAN multi-link communication. Such a method includes sending, by a first station to a second station, a discovery request comprising a link identifier indicating a non-access point (AP) multi-link device (MLD), wherein the first station and the second station are associated with an AP MLD. Such a method further includes receiving, by the first station from the second station, a discovery response. In some embodiments, the method further includes receiving, by the first station from an AP affiliated with the AP MLD, a message indicating a MAC address of the second station. In some embodiments, the discovery request is sent via an AP affiliated with the AP MLD and a non-AP station affiliated with the second station.
A method for obtaining an HOA coefficient including: obtaining location information of a virtual speaker on a preset spherical surface, where the preset spherical surface includes M circles of longitude and N circles of latitude; obtaining, based on the location information and a preset reference trigonometric function table, a trigonometric function value corresponding to the location information, where the reference trigonometric function table includes an elevation trigonometric function table and/or an azimuth trigonometric function table, the elevation trigonometric function table includes a plurality of trigonometric function values corresponding to elevation indexes of a plurality of first reference points on a first circle of longitude, the first circle of longitude is one of the M circles of longitude, the azimuth trigonometric function table includes a plurality of trigonometric function values corresponding to azimuth indexes of a plurality of second reference points on a first circle of latitude, and the first circle of latitude is one of the N circles of latitude; and obtaining an HOA coefficient for the virtual speaker based on the trigonometric function value corresponding to the location information. In this application, an amount of calculation in a preliminary stage can be reduced, and storage space can be saved.
A resource allocation method and a communication apparatus are disclosed. A first device sends resource allocation information to a second device. The resource allocation information indicates a first VRU, and the first VRU includes a plurality of contiguous subcarriers in frequency domain; and the first device maps the first VRU to a first PRU based on a mapping relationship between a VRU and a PRU, and transmits data on the first PRU. A plurality of subcarriers included in the first PRU are noncontiguous in frequency domain. Although an RU allocated by the first device to the second device is a VRU, the first device sends data on a discrete PRU to which a contiguous VRU is mapped. Because the contiguous VRU is mapped to the discrete PRU, it is equivalent to reducing a quantity of subcarriers in each MHz, so that the first device can support higher transmit power.
This application relates to the field of communications technologies, in particularly related to WIFI technologies, and provides a method and apparatus of link operation for multi-link device (MLD) to improve transmitting performance of setup and/or tear-down procedure of MLD. The method can be used for both an access point (AP) MLD and a non-AP MLD, and the MLD comprises a medium access control, MAC, Layer Management entity, MLME, and a station management entity, SME. The method comprises: indicating, by the SME, a selected link identity, ID, to the MLME, wherein the selected link ID is used to indicate the link being used for frame exchange between an access point, AP, affiliated with AP MLD and non-AP STA affiliated with non-AP MLD, and exchanging one or more frames through the link indicated by the selected link ID.
Embodiments of this application provide a cyclic shift diversity?based communication method and apparatus. A maximum number of antennas supported in this method is greater than 8, and cyclic shift is performed on a first preamble part of each antenna by using a cyclic shift diversity value, so that an automatic gain control error can be reduced in a scenario in which transmission using more antennas (for example, 16 antennas) is supported.
H04B 7/06 - Diversity systems; Multi-antenna systems, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
97.
CYCLIC SHIFT DIVERSITY-BASED COMMUNICATION METHOD, APPARATUS, AND SYSTEM
This application provides a cyclic shift diversity-based communication method, an apparatus, and a system, to improve a system capacity and spectral efficiency, and further reduce an AGC gain setting error. The method includes: A first communication apparatus generates a physical layer protocol data unit PPDU, where the PPDU includes a short training field STF, a long training field LTF, and a data field; cyclic shift is performed on at least one of the STF, the LTF, and the data field based on a cyclic shift diversity CSD; the CSD includes L elements, and L is a maximum number of spatial streams supported by the first communication apparatus; and the maximum number of spatial streams is greater than 8. The first communication apparatus sends the PPDU to a second communication apparatus.
H04B 7/06 - Diversity systems; Multi-antenna systems, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
98.
METHOD FOR TRANSMITTING PHYSICAL LAYER PROTOCOL DATA UNIT AND COMMUNICATION APPARATUS
This application provides a method for transmitting a PPDU and a communication apparatus. An AP sends a trigger frame to trigger at least one STA to transmit an uplink PPDU. After receiving the trigger frame, the at least one STA transmits respective uplink PPDUs. The uplink PPDU includes a data field that is carried on a distributed RU, and LTFs that are carried on all subcarriers in a first transmission bandwidth. The first transmission bandwidth is a bandwidth occupied by a distributed RU that is allocated by the AP to the at least one STA for transmitting the uplink PPDU. Alternatively, the LTFs are carried on all subcarriers of a plurality of continuous RUs corresponding to the distributed RU. An average power of a data part sent by the AP can be increased, and a PAPR of the LTFs can also be ensured, thereby ensuring system performance.
This application provides a communication method and apparatus for a multicast/broadcast service. The method includes: A network device obtains reference location information of a terminal. The reference location information represents a reference location of the terminal. When the reference location of the terminal is inside a service area of a first multicast/broadcast service, the network device triggers a target access network device of the terminal to allocate, to the terminal, or establish, for the terminal, a data resource for transmitting the first multicast/broadcast service. When the reference location of the terminal is outside the service area of a first multicast/broadcast service, the network device triggers the target access network device of the terminal not to allocate, to the terminal, or establish, for the terminal, a data resource for transmitting the first multicast/broadcast service. According to the method provided in this application, session management on a local multicast/broadcast service can ensure that when the terminal moves into the service area or moves out of the service area, a core network element can dynamically and flexibly interact with an access network device, thereby effectively saving network resources.
H04W 4/06 - Selective distribution of broadcast services, e.g. multimedia broadcast multicast service [MBMS]; Services to user groups; One-way selective calling services
This application provides a packet loss rate detection method, a communication apparatus,and a communication system. The method includes: A session management network element determines that link status detection needs to be performed on a link on which a service flow is located; and the session management network element sends a link status detection indication to a first device and/or a second device, where the link status detection indication is for enabling a link status detection function, and the link status detection function includes a packet loss rate detection function. In this solution, the session management network element may send the link status detection indication to the first device and/or the second device, so as to enable a link status detection function of the first device and/or the second device of the link. Therefore, the first device and/or the second device may quickly and accurately detect a packet loss rate of service data packets on the link based on the enabled link status detection function.
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