The majority of applications for head mounted display (HMD) users, irrespective of whether they are for short-term, long-term, low vision, augmented reality, etc. yield a conflicting set of tradeoffs between user comfort and minimal fatigue and strain during use, ease of attachment, minimizing intrusiveness and aesthetics which must be concurrently balanced with and are often in conflict with providing an optical vision system that provides the user with a wide field of view and high image resolution whilst also offering a large exit pupil for eye placement with sufficient eye clearance. Further, individual users' needs vary as do their needs with the general task at-hand, visual focus, and various regions-of-interest within their field of view. To address these issues, it is necessary to provide a high performance optical system, eyepiece design, and system features which overcome these limitations.
Near-to-eye displays support a range of applications from helping users with low vision through augmenting a real world view to displaying virtual environments. The images displayed may contain text to be read by the user. It would be beneficial to provide users with text enhancements to improve its readability and legibility, as measured through improved reading speed and/or comprehension. Such enhancements can provide benefits to both visually impaired and non-visually impaired users where legibility may be reduced by external factors as well as by visual dysfunction(s) of the user. Methodologies and system enhancements that augment text to be viewed by an individual, whatever the source of the image, are provided in order to aid the individual in poor viewing conditions and/or to overcome physiological or psychological visual defects affecting the individual or to simply improve the quality of the reading experience for the user.
G06V 20/62 - Texte, p.ex. plaques d’immatriculation, textes superposés ou légendes des images de télévision
G06T 11/60 - Edition de figures et de texte; Combinaison de figures ou de texte
G09G 5/34 - Dispositions ou circuits de commande de l'affichage communs à l'affichage utilisant des tubes à rayons cathodiques et à l'affichage utilisant d'autres moyens de visualisation pour le mouvement ou pour le défilement
G06F 3/14 - Sortie numérique vers un dispositif de visualisation
G09G 5/02 - Dispositions ou circuits de commande de l'affichage communs à l'affichage utilisant des tubes à rayons cathodiques et à l'affichage utilisant d'autres moyens de visualisation caractérisés par la manière dont la couleur est visualisée
G09G 5/00 - Dispositions ou circuits de commande de l'affichage communs à l'affichage utilisant des tubes à rayons cathodiques et à l'affichage utilisant d'autres moyens de visualisation
G06F 40/58 - Utilisation de traduction automatisée, p.ex. pour recherches multilingues, pour fournir aux dispositifs clients une traduction effectuée par le serveur ou pour la traduction en temps réel
G06F 40/106 - Affichage de la mise en page des documents; Prévisualisation
G06F 40/109 - Maniement des polices de caractères; Typographie cinétique ou temporelle
G06V 10/44 - Extraction de caractéristiques locales par analyse des parties du motif, p.ex. par détection d’arêtes, de contours, de boucles, d’angles, de barres ou d’intersections; Analyse de connectivité, p.ex. de composantes connectées
G06V 10/56 - Extraction de caractéristiques d’images ou de vidéos relative à la couleur
G06V 20/20 - RECONNAISSANCE OU COMPRÉHENSION D’IMAGES OU DE VIDÉOS Éléments spécifiques à la scène dans les scènes de réalité augmentée
G06V 30/224 - Reconnaissance de caractères caractérisés par le type d’écriture de caractères imprimés pourvus de marques de codage additionnelles ou de marques de codage
Users exploiting near-to-eye (NR2I) displays for augmented reality and/or correction of low vision are typically wearing these NR2I displays for specific tasks or for extended periods of time, potentially all their time awake. Conflicting tradeoffs between user comfort and minimal fatigue and strain during use, ease of attachment, minimizing intrusiveness and aesthetics should be concurrently balanced with providing an optical vision system that provides the user with a wide field of view, high image resolution, and a large exit pupil for eye placement with sufficient eye clearance. Accordingly, embodiments of the invention provide NR2I displays meeting these conflicts whilst also addressing the inherent variations between user in respect of their head dimensions, head and eye geometry, as well as adapting the displayed content to reflect the user's task at-hand, visual defects or degradations, visual focus and intent upon various regions-of-interest within their field of view. Such HMDs providing enhanced user experiences.
Near-to-eye displays within head mounted devices offer both users with and without visual impairments enhanced visual experiences either by improving or augmenting their visual perception. Unless the user directly views the display without intermediate optical elements then the designer must consider chromatic as well as other aberrations. Within the prior art the optical train is either complex through additional corrective elements adding to weight, cost, and size or through image processing. However, real time applications with mobile users require low latency to avoid physical side effects. Accordingly, it would be beneficial to provide near-to-eye displays mitigating these distortions and chromatic aberrations through pre-distortion based electronic processing techniques in conjunction with design optimization of the optical train with low weight, low volume, low complexity, and low cost. Further, it would be beneficial to exploit consumer grade low cost graphics processing units rather than application specific circuits.
G09G 3/20 - Dispositions ou circuits de commande présentant un intérêt uniquement pour l'affichage utilisant des moyens de visualisation autres que les tubes à rayons cathodiques pour la présentation d'un ensemble de plusieurs caractères, p.ex. d'une page, en composant l'ensemble par combinaison d'éléments individuels disposés en matrice
Within applications for Near-to-Eye (NR2I) displays, irrespective of whether they are for short-term, long-term, low vision, augmented reality, etc., there is a conflicting tradeoff between user comfort, ease of attachment, minimizing intrusiveness and aesthetics which must be concurrently balanced with and are often in conflict with providing an optical vision system within the NR2I display that provides the user with a wide field of view and high image resolution whilst also offering a large exit pupil for eye placement with sufficient eye clearance. Embodiments of the invention address these issues and provide a high performance optical system through the design of the optical eyepiece design to overcome these limitations within a bioptic configuration with laterally disposed displays.
Near-to-eye displays support a range of applications from helping users with low vision through augmenting a real world view to displaying virtual environments. The images displayed may contain text to be read by the user. It would be beneficial to provide users with text enhancements to improve its readability and legibility, as measured through improved reading speed and/or comprehension. Such enhancements can provide benefits to both visually impaired and non-visually impaired users where legibility may be reduced by external factors as well as by visual dysfunction(s) of the user. Methodologies and system enhancements that augment text to be viewed by an individual, whatever the source of the image, are provided in order to aid the individual in poor viewing conditions and/or to overcome physiological or psychological visual defects affecting the individual or to simply improve the quality of the reading experience for the user.
G06K 9/18 - Méthodes ou dispositions pour la lecture ou la reconnaissance de caractères imprimés ou écrits ou pour la reconnaissance de formes, p.ex. d'empreintes digitales utilisant des caractères imprimés pourvus de marques de codage additionnelles ou comportant des marques de codage, p.ex. le caractère étant composé de barres distinctes de formes différentes, chacune représentant une valeur de code différente
G09G 5/34 - Dispositions ou circuits de commande de l'affichage communs à l'affichage utilisant des tubes à rayons cathodiques et à l'affichage utilisant d'autres moyens de visualisation pour le mouvement ou pour le défilement
G06K 9/00 - Méthodes ou dispositions pour la lecture ou la reconnaissance de caractères imprimés ou écrits ou pour la reconnaissance de formes, p.ex. d'empreintes digitales
G06K 9/46 - Extraction d'éléments ou de caractéristiques de l'image
G06F 3/14 - Sortie numérique vers un dispositif de visualisation
G09G 5/02 - Dispositions ou circuits de commande de l'affichage communs à l'affichage utilisant des tubes à rayons cathodiques et à l'affichage utilisant d'autres moyens de visualisation caractérisés par la manière dont la couleur est visualisée
G09G 5/00 - Dispositions ou circuits de commande de l'affichage communs à l'affichage utilisant des tubes à rayons cathodiques et à l'affichage utilisant d'autres moyens de visualisation
G06F 40/58 - Utilisation de traduction automatisée, p.ex. pour recherches multilingues, pour fournir aux dispositifs clients une traduction effectuée par le serveur ou pour la traduction en temps réel
G06F 40/106 - Affichage de la mise en page des documents; Prévisualisation
G06F 40/109 - Maniement des polices de caractères; Typographie cinétique ou temporelle
Near-to-eye displays within head mounted devices offer both users with and without visual impairments enhanced visual experiences either by improving or augmenting their visual perception. Unless the user directly views the display without intermediate optical elements then the designer must consider chromatic as well as other aberrations. Within the prior art the optical train is either complex through additional corrective elements adding to weight, cost, and size or through image processing. However, real time applications with mobile users require low latency to avoid physical side effects. Accordingly, it would be beneficial to provide near-to-eye displays mitigating these distortions and chromatic aberrations through pre-distortion based electronic processing techniques in conjunction with design optimization of the optical train with low weight, low volume, low complexity, and low cost. Further, it would be beneficial to exploit consumer grade low cost graphics processing units rather than application specific circuits.
G09G 3/20 - Dispositions ou circuits de commande présentant un intérêt uniquement pour l'affichage utilisant des moyens de visualisation autres que les tubes à rayons cathodiques pour la présentation d'un ensemble de plusieurs caractères, p.ex. d'une page, en composant l'ensemble par combinaison d'éléments individuels disposés en matrice
G02C 7/08 - Verres auxiliaires; Dispositions pour faire varier la distance focale
A method of augmenting sight in an individual. The method comprises obtaining an image of a scene using a camera carried by the individual; transmitting the obtained image to a processor carried by the individual; selecting an image modification to be applied to the image by the processor; operating upon the image to create a modified image using either analog or digital imaging techniques, and displaying the modified image on a display device worn by the individual. The invention also relates to an apparatus augmenting sight in an individual. The apparatus comprises a camera, carried by the individual, for obtaining an image of a scene viewed by the individual; a display carried by the individual; an image modification input device carried by the individual; and a processor, carried by the individual. The processor modifies the image and displays the modified image on the display carried by the individual.
Visual impairment, or vision impairment, refers to the vision loss of an individual to such a degree as to require additional support for one or more aspects of their life. Such a significant limitation of visual capability may result from disease, trauma, congenital, and/or degenerative conditions that cannot be corrected by conventional means, such as refractive correction, such as eyeglasses or contact lenses, medication, or surgery. According to embodiments of the invention a method of augmenting a user's sight is provided comprising obtaining an image of a scene using a camera carried by the individual, transmitting the obtained image to a processor, selecting an algorithm of a plurality of spectral, spatial, and temporal image modification algorithms to be applied to the image by the processor, modifying the image using the algorithm substantially in real time, and displaying the modified image on a display device worn by the individual.
The majority of applications for head mounted display (HMD) users, irrespective of whether they are for short-term, long-term, low vision, augmented reality, etc. yield a conflicting set of tradeoffs between user comfort and minimal fatigue and strain during use, ease of attachment, minimizing intrusiveness and aesthetics which must be concurrently balanced with and are often in conflict with providing an optical vision system that provides the user with a wide field of view and high image resolution whilst also offering a large exit pupil for eye placement with sufficient eye clearance. Further, individual users' needs vary as do their needs with the general task at-hand, visual focus, and various regions-of-interest within their field of view. To address these issues, it is necessary to provide a high performance optical system, eyepiece design, and system features which overcome these limitations.
Near-to-eye displays support a range of applications from helping users with low vision through augmenting a real world view to displaying virtual environments. The images displayed may contain text to be read by the user. It would be beneficial to provide users with text enhancements to improve its readability and legibility, as measured through improved reading speed and/or comprehension. Such enhancements can provide benefits to both visually impaired and non-visually impaired users where legibility may be reduced by external factors as well as by visual dysfunction(s) of the user. Methodologies and system enhancements that augment text to be viewed by an individual, whatever the source of the image, are provided in order to aid the individual in poor viewing conditions and/or to overcome physiological or psychological visual defects affecting the individual or to simply improve the quality of the reading experience for the user.
G06F 17/28 - Traitement ou traduction du langage naturel
G06K 9/18 - Méthodes ou dispositions pour la lecture ou la reconnaissance de caractères imprimés ou écrits ou pour la reconnaissance de formes, p.ex. d'empreintes digitales utilisant des caractères imprimés pourvus de marques de codage additionnelles ou comportant des marques de codage, p.ex. le caractère étant composé de barres distinctes de formes différentes, chacune représentant une valeur de code différente
G09G 5/34 - Dispositions ou circuits de commande de l'affichage communs à l'affichage utilisant des tubes à rayons cathodiques et à l'affichage utilisant d'autres moyens de visualisation pour le mouvement ou pour le défilement
G06K 9/00 - Méthodes ou dispositions pour la lecture ou la reconnaissance de caractères imprimés ou écrits ou pour la reconnaissance de formes, p.ex. d'empreintes digitales
G06K 9/46 - Extraction d'éléments ou de caractéristiques de l'image
Near-to-eye displays allow a user to be presented with images that are either augmented to address defects or aberrations within their vision or provide additional information. However, an acquired image typically contains content at different depths and absent depth information image processing applied to the acquired image may discount or apply an image modification that reduces visibility of an object. Accordingly, it would be beneficial for such near-to-eye displays to exploit depth information within the image processing and/or generate depth maps allowing images presented to the user to account for depth. It would be further beneficial for such enhancements to be compatible with the evolving low weight, low volume, low complexity, and low cost near-to-eye display systems. It would be further beneficial to provide a user with other non-visual stimuli based upon depth information within the image.
G09G 5/00 - Dispositions ou circuits de commande de l'affichage communs à l'affichage utilisant des tubes à rayons cathodiques et à l'affichage utilisant d'autres moyens de visualisation
Near-to-eye displays within head mounted devices offer both users with and without visual impairments enhanced visual experiences either by improving or augmenting their visual perception. Unless the user directly views the display without intermediate optical elements then the designer must consider chromatic as well as other aberrations. Within the prior art the optical train is either complex through additional corrective elements adding to weight, cost, and size or through image processing. However, real time applications with mobile users require low latency to avoid physical side effects. Accordingly, it would be beneficial to provide near-to-eye displays mitigating these distortions and chromatic aberrations through pre-distortion based electronic processing techniques in conjunction with design optimization of the optical train with low weight, low volume, low complexity, and low cost. Further, it would be beneficial to exploit consumer grade low cost graphics processing units rather than application specific circuits.
G09G 3/20 - Dispositions ou circuits de commande présentant un intérêt uniquement pour l'affichage utilisant des moyens de visualisation autres que les tubes à rayons cathodiques pour la présentation d'un ensemble de plusieurs caractères, p.ex. d'une page, en composant l'ensemble par combinaison d'éléments individuels disposés en matrice
G02C 7/08 - Verres auxiliaires; Dispositions pour faire varier la distance focale
A method of augmenting sight in an individual. The method comprises obtaining an image of a scene using a camera carried by the individual; transmitting the obtained image to a processor carried by the individual; selecting an image modification to be applied to the image by the processor; operating upon the image to create a modified image using either analog or digital imaging techniques, and displaying the modified image on a display device worn by the individual. The invention also relates to an apparatus augmenting sight in an individual. The apparatus comprises a camera, carried by the individual, for obtaining an image of a scene viewed by the individual; a display carried by the individual; an image modification input device carried by the individual; and a processor, carried by the individual. The processor modifies the image and displays the modified image on the display carried by the individual.
A method and apparatus of displaying a magnified image comprising obtaining an image of a scene using a camera with greater resolution than the display, and capturing the image in the native resolution of the display by either grouping pixels together, or by capturing a smaller region of interest whose pixel resolution matches that of the display. The invention also relates to a method whereby the location of the captured region of interest may be determined by external inputs such as the location of a person's gaze in the displayed unmagnified image, or coordinates from a computer mouse. The invention further relates to a method whereby a modified image can be superimposed on an unmodified image, in order to maintain the peripheral information or context from which the modified region of interest has been captured.
G06K 9/00 - Méthodes ou dispositions pour la lecture ou la reconnaissance de caractères imprimés ou écrits ou pour la reconnaissance de formes, p.ex. d'empreintes digitales
H04N 13/122 - Raffinement de la perception 3D des images stéréoscopiques par modification du contenu des signaux d’images, p.ex. par filtrage ou par ajout d’indices monoscopiques de profondeur
H04N 13/383 - Suivi des spectateurs pour le suivi du regard, c. à d. avec détection de l’axe de vision des yeux du spectateur
H04N 13/117 - Transformation de signaux d’images correspondant à des points de vue virtuels, p.ex. interpolation spatiale de l’image les positions des points de vue virtuels étant choisies par les spectateurs ou déterminées par suivi du spectateur
H04N 13/344 - Affichage pour le visionnement à l’aide de lunettes spéciales ou de visiocasques avec des visiocasques portant des affichages gauche et droit
H04N 13/346 - Reproducteurs d’images utilisant des prismes ou des miroirs semi-transparents
H04N 13/239 - Générateurs de signaux d’images utilisant des caméras à images stéréoscopiques utilisant deux capteurs d’images 2D dont la position relative est égale ou en correspondance à l’intervalle oculaire
18.
Language element vision augmentation methods and devices
Near-to-eye displays support a range of applications from helping users with low vision through augmenting a real world view to displaying virtual environments. The images displayed may contain text to be read by the user. It would be beneficial to provide users with text enhancements to improve its readability and legibility, as measured through improved reading speed and/or comprehension. Such enhancements can provide benefits to both visually impaired and non-visually impaired users where legibility may be reduced by external factors as well as by visual dysfunction(s) of the user. Methodologies and system enhancements that augment text to be viewed by an individual, whatever the source of the image, are provided in order to aid the individual in poor viewing conditions and/or to overcome physiological or psychological visual defects affecting the individual or to simply improve the quality of the reading experience for the user.
G06F 17/28 - Traitement ou traduction du langage naturel
G06K 9/18 - Méthodes ou dispositions pour la lecture ou la reconnaissance de caractères imprimés ou écrits ou pour la reconnaissance de formes, p.ex. d'empreintes digitales utilisant des caractères imprimés pourvus de marques de codage additionnelles ou comportant des marques de codage, p.ex. le caractère étant composé de barres distinctes de formes différentes, chacune représentant une valeur de code différente
G09G 5/34 - Dispositions ou circuits de commande de l'affichage communs à l'affichage utilisant des tubes à rayons cathodiques et à l'affichage utilisant d'autres moyens de visualisation pour le mouvement ou pour le défilement
19.
Apparatus and method for enhancing human visual performance in a head worn video system
Visual impairment, or vision impairment, refers to the vision loss of an individual to such a degree as to require additional support for one or more aspects of their life. Such a significant limitation of visual capability may result from disease, trauma, congenital, and/or degenerative conditions that cannot be corrected by conventional means, such as refractive correction, such as eyeglasses or contact lenses, medication, or surgery. According to embodiments of the invention a method of augmenting a user's sight is provided comprising obtaining an image of a scene using a camera carried by the individual, transmitting the obtained image to a processor, selecting an algorithm of a plurality of spectral, spatial, and temporal image modification algorithms to be applied to the image by the processor, modifying the image using the algorithm substantially in real time, and displaying the modified image on a display device worn by the individual.
Near-to-eye displays within head mounted devices offer both users with and without visual impairments enhanced visual experiences either by improving or augmenting their visual perception. Unless the user directly views the display without intermediate optical elements then the designer must consider chromatic as well as other aberrations. Within the prior art the optical train is either complex through additional corrective elements adding to weight, cost, and size or through image processing. However, real time applications with mobile users require low latency to avoid physical side effects. Accordingly, it would be beneficial to provide near-to-eye displays mitigating these distortions and chromatic aberrations through pre-distortion based electronic processing techniques in conjunction with design optimization of the optical train with low weight, low volume, low complexity, and low cost. Further, it would be beneficial to exploit consumer grade low cost graphics processing units rather than application specific circuits.
A method and apparatus of displaying a magnified image comprising obtaining an image of a scene using a camera with greater resolution than the display, and capturing the image in the native resolution of the display by either grouping pixels together, or by capturing a smaller region of interest whose pixel resolution matches that of the display. The invention also relates to a method whereby the location of the captured region of interest may be determined by external inputs such as the location of a person's gaze in the displayed unmagnified image, or coordinates from a computer mouse. The invention further relates to a method whereby a modified image can be superimposed on an unmodified image, in order to maintain the peripheral information or context from which the modified region of interest has been captured.
G06K 9/36 - Prétraitement de l'image, c. à d. traitement de l'information image sans se préoccuper de l'identité de l'image
G09G 5/00 - Dispositions ou circuits de commande de l'affichage communs à l'affichage utilisant des tubes à rayons cathodiques et à l'affichage utilisant d'autres moyens de visualisation
A method and apparatus of displaying an electronic video image using a head-worn near-to-eye display in a non-immersive fashion, such that the wearer can choose, through simple adjustments of their neck and eye angles, to either look at the displayed video image or their natural environment. The invention also relates to the incorporation of prescription lenses into the optical chain of the near-to-eye display. The invention also relates to the use of motion and position sensors incorporated into the head-worn device to enable automatic stabilization of the video image. The invention also relates to the use of motion and position sensors incorporated into the head-worn device to automatically adjust the vertical angle of either the camera or the electronic display or both, by sensing the vertical angular position of the user's head.
G09G 5/00 - Dispositions ou circuits de commande de l'affichage communs à l'affichage utilisant des tubes à rayons cathodiques et à l'affichage utilisant d'autres moyens de visualisation
23.
Apparatus and method for a bioptic real time video system
A method and apparatus of displaying an electronic video image using a head-worn near-to-eye display in a non-immersive fashion, such that the wearer can choose, through simple adjustments of their neck and eye angles, to either look at the displayed video image or their natural environment. The invention also relates to the incorporation of prescription lenses into the optical chain of the near-to-eye display. The invention also relates to the use of motion and position sensors incorporated into the head-worn device to enable automatic stabilization of the video image. The invention also relates to the use of motion and position sensors incorporated into the head-worn device to automatically adjust the vertical angle of either the camera or the electronic display or both, by sensing the vertical angular position of the user's head.
G09G 5/00 - Dispositions ou circuits de commande de l'affichage communs à l'affichage utilisant des tubes à rayons cathodiques et à l'affichage utilisant d'autres moyens de visualisation
24.
Apparatus and method for enhancing human visual performance in a head worn video system
Visual impairment, or vision impairment, refers to the vision loss of an individual to such a degree as to require additional support for one or more aspects of their life. Such a significant limitation of visual capability may result from disease, trauma, congenital, and/or degenerative conditions that cannot be corrected by conventional means, such as refractive correction, such as eyeglasses or contact lenses, medication, or surgery. According to embodiments of the invention a method of augmenting a user's sight is provided comprising obtaining an image of a scene using a camera carried by the individual, transmitting the obtained image to a processor, selecting an algorithm of a plurality of spectral, spatial, and temporal image modification algorithms to be applied to the image by the processor, modifying the image using the algorithm substantially in real time, and displaying the modified image on a display device worn by the individual.
A method and apparatus of displaying an electronic video image using a head-worn near-to-eye display in a non-immersive fashion, such that the wearer can choose, through simple adjustments of their neck and eye angles, to either look at the displayed video image or their natural environment. The invention also relates to the incorporation of prescription lenses into the optical chain of the near-to-eye display. The invention also relates to the use of motion and position sensors incorporated into the head-worn device to enable automatic stabilization of the video image. The invention also relates to the use of motion and position sensors incorporated into the head-worn device to automatically adjust the vertical angle of either the camera or the electronic display or both, by sensing the vertical angular position of the user's head.
G09G 5/00 - Dispositions ou circuits de commande de l'affichage communs à l'affichage utilisant des tubes à rayons cathodiques et à l'affichage utilisant d'autres moyens de visualisation
A method of augmenting sight in an individual. The method comprises obtaining an image of a scene using a camera carried by the individual; transmitting the obtained image to a processor carried by the individual; selecting an image modification to be applied to the image by the processor; operating upon the image to create a modified image using either analog or digital imaging techniques, and displaying the modified image on a display device worn by the individual. The invention also relates to an apparatus augmenting sight in an individual. The apparatus comprises a camera, carried by the individual, for obtaining an image of a scene viewed by the individual; a display carried by the individual; an image modification input device carried by the individual; and a processor, carried by the individual. The processor modifies the image and displays the modified image on the display carried by the individual.
G09G 5/00 - Dispositions ou circuits de commande de l'affichage communs à l'affichage utilisant des tubes à rayons cathodiques et à l'affichage utilisant d'autres moyens de visualisation
27.
Apparatus and method for a dynamic “region of interest” in a display system
A method and apparatus of displaying a magnified image comprising obtaining an image of a scene using a camera with greater resolution than the display, and capturing the image in the native resolution of the display by either grouping pixels together, or by capturing a smaller region of interest whose pixel resolution matches that of the display. The invention also relates to a method whereby the location of the captured region of interest may be determined by external inputs such as the location of a person's gaze in the displayed unmagnified image, or coordinates from a computer mouse. The invention further relates to a method whereby a modified image can be superimposed on an unmodified image, in order to maintain the peripheral information or context from which the modified region of interest has been captured.
G06K 9/00 - Méthodes ou dispositions pour la lecture ou la reconnaissance de caractères imprimés ou écrits ou pour la reconnaissance de formes, p.ex. d'empreintes digitales
brevets
