Abstract

An isomerization catalyst composition includes an alumina based catalyst, wherein the alumina based catalyst has a pore volume in pores of less than 70Å pore diameter of less than about 5% of Total Pore Volume, a pore volume in pores of greater than 350Å pore diameter of less than 10% of Total Pore Volume, a median pore diameter by volume of less than 200 Å, a water pore volume of less than 1.2 cc/g and a surface area of greater than 130 m2/g. The isomerization catalyst composition may include Group I cations, Group II cations and mixtures thereof.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 35/10 - Solids characterised by their surface properties or porosity
• B01J 37/00 - Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
• B01J 23/02 - Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group of the alkali- or alkaline earth metals or beryllium
• B01J 20/00 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
• C07C 5/22 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by isomerisation
• B01J 21/04 - Alumina
• B01J 23/04 - Alkali metals
• B01J 23/92 - Regeneration or reactivation of catalysts comprising metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups
• B01J 37/02 - Impregnation, coating or precipitation

Abstract

For use in a disproportionation reactor, a composition being an alumina based catalyst having less than about 12 wt% of a Group VI metal and from about 0 to about 10 wt % of a Group 14 metal. In some embodiments, the composition has the following characteristics: a pore volume in pores of greater than 350Å pore diameter of less than 10% of Total Pore Volume; a median pore diameter by volume ranging from about 55 to about 95 Å; a water pore volume ranging from about 0.5 to about 1.0 cc/g; a surface area of greater than 200 m2/g. In some embodiments, the Group 14 metal is silicon. In some embodiments, the amount of silicon ranges from about 1.0 to about 5.0 wt%. In some embodiments, the Group 6 metal is molybdenum. In some embodiments, the amount of molybdenum ranges from about 2 to about 10 wt%.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 21/04 - Alumina
• B01J 21/12 - Silica and alumina
• B01J 23/28 - Molybdenum
• B01J 35/10 - Solids characterised by their surface properties or porosity
• C07C 6/04 - Metathesis reactions at an unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bond at a carbon-to-carbon double bond

Abstract

Prior to reaction in an isomerization unit, the feed may be purified by contact with a composition comprising an alumina based catalyst including Group I or Group II cations or combinations thereof in a range from about 0 wt% to about 20 wt% Group I or Group II cations. In some embodiments, the alumina based catalyst has one or more of the following properties: pore volume in pores of less than 70Å pore diameter of less than about 15% of Total Pore Volume; a pore volume in pores of greater than 350Å pore diameter of less than 10% of Total Pore Volume; a median pore diameter by volume of less than 120 Å; a water pore volume of less than 1.10 cc/g; and a surface area of greater than 160 m2/g.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 20/00 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
• B01J 23/02 - Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group of the alkali- or alkaline earth metals or beryllium
• B01J 35/10 - Solids characterised by their surface properties or porosity
• B01J 37/00 - Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
• C07C 5/22 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by isomerisation

Abstract

Embodiments described herein provide a method for cleaning a reactor during the oligomerization of ethylene to one or more linear alpha-olefins. The method includes: a) reacting ethylene to produce one or more linear alpha-olefins via oligomerization by contacting ethylene in a liquid solvent phase comprising a solution of an oligomerization catalyst at a temperature in the range from about 25° to 150°C until a heat transfer coefficient of the reactor intercoolers is in the range of from about 100 to about 160 BTU/hr/ft2/°F and/or until a pressure drop across the reactor intercoolers increases by about 25%; b) reducing the flowrate of the oligomerization catalyst solution; c) increasing the temperature of the reaction to a range from about 125 to 145°C to place a polymer product produced in step a) into a phase comprising one or more linear alpha-olefins; d) returning the reactor to the conditions of step a).

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 2/36 - Catalytic processes with hydrides or organic compounds as phosphines, arsines, stilbines or bismuthines
• C07C 11/02 - Alkenes
• C07C 2/34 - Metal-hydrocarbon complexes
• C08F 210/16 - Copolymers of ethene with alpha-alkenes, e.g. EP rubbers

Abstract

An unleaded aviation fuel composition having a MON of at least 99.6, sulfur content of less than 0.05 wt%,CHN content of at least 97.2 wt%, less than 2.8 wt% of oxygen content, a T10 of at most 75ºC, T40 of at least 75º C, a T50 of at most 105º C, a T90 of at most 135ºC, a final boiling point of less than 190°C, an adjusted heat of combustion of at least 43.5 MJ/kg, a vapor pressure in the range of 38 to 49 kPa, comprising from 20 vol.% to 35 vol.% of toluene having a MON of at least 107; from 2 vol.% to 10 vol.% of aniline; from above 30 vol% to 55 vol% of at least one alkylate oralkyate blend having an initial boiling range of from 32°C to 60°C and a final boiling range of from 105°C to140°C, having T40 of less than 99°C, T50 of less than 100°C, T90 of less than 110°C, the alkylate or alkylate blend comprising isoparaffins from 4 to 9 carbon atoms, 3-20 vol% of C5 isoparaffins, 3-15 vol% of C7 isoparaffins, and 60-90 vol% of C8 isoparaffins, based on the alkylate or alkylate blend, and less than 1 vol% of C10+, based on the alkylate or alkylate blend; at least 8 vol% of isopentane in an amount sufficient to reach a vapor pressure in the range of 38 to 49 kPa; from 0.1 vol% to 10 vol%, preferably from 1 vol% to 8 vol%, of a straight chain alkyl acetate having a straight chain alkyl group having 4 to 8 carbon atoms; and from 0.1 vol% to 10 vol%, preferably from 2 vol% to 8 vol%, of a branched chain alcohol having from 4 to 8 carbon atoms, provided that the branched chain does not contain any t-butyl groups; wherein the volume ratio of straight chain alkyl actetate to branched chain alcohol is in the range of 3:1 to 1:3; and wherein the fuel composition contains less than 15 vol% of C8 aromatics. As well as meeting the requirements of the ASTM D910 specification, the unleaded aviation fuel compositions ofthe present invention have improved octane properties.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10L 1/06 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons for spark ignition
• C10L 1/18 - Organic compounds containing oxygen
• C10L 1/02 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
• C10L 1/10 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
• C10L 1/16 - Hydrocarbons
• C10L 1/223 - Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond having at least one amino group bound to an aromatic carbon atom
• C10L 1/182 - Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof
• C10L 1/14 - Organic compounds

Abstract

The present invention provides an electrically heated apparatus (1) at least comprising: - an electrically heated furnace (2) having walls (2A, 2B) defining a space (3); - a first row (4) of tubes (10) running through the space (3), wherein the tubes (10) have an inlet (11) and outlet (12) outside of the space (3); - a second row (14) of tubes (10) running through the space (3), wherein the tubes (10) have an inlet (11) and outlet (12) outside of the space (3); - a first set (5) of electrical radiative heating elements (20) located in the space (3), wherein the first set (5) comprises electrical radiative heating elements (20) located between the first (4) and second rows (14) of tubes (10).

IPC Classes  ?

• F27D 11/02 - Ohmic resistance heating
• B01J 8/00 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
• F27D 99/00 - Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
• F27B 5/14 - Arrangements of heating devices
• B01J 8/06 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the solid particles being arranged in tubes
• B01J 6/00 - Calcining; Fusing

Abstract

A wellbore, which comprises a production tubing with a functional cable extending along a length on the exterior thereof, is plugged for abandonment. To plug the wellbore, an external cement barrier is placed, along a zone of interest, in an annulus directly surrounding the production tubing. The external cement barrier is in direct contact with the production tubing and the functional cable. After placing the external cement barrier is allowed to set, after which the functional cable can be subjected to an after-treatment to close any axial leak path associated with the functional cable. Finally, an internal barrier plug is formed within the production tubing, in the zone of interest, and while maintaining at least a portion of the external cement barrier in place.

IPC Classes  ?

• E21B 33/13 - Methods or devices for cementing, for plugging holes, crevices, or the like
• E21B 47/005 - Monitoring or checking of cementation quality or level

Abstract

The invention provides a gas distribution system comprising a plurality of flow passages in fluid communication with a gas source, each flow passage having disposed therein a number of nozzles, wherein at least a portion of said nozzles are fitted with a sintered metal filter.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 8/18 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
• C10G 11/18 - Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils with preheated moving solid catalysts according to the "fluidised bed" technique
• B05B 1/00 - Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means

Abstract

The present invention provides a catalytic cracking reactor comprising a conduit, configured to allow the passage of a flow of catalyst particles, and an injection zone comprising a ring of feed injectors extending inwardly from the wall of reactor and angled to inject feed into the flow of catalyst particles, characterised in that the reactor also comprises a contacting device protruding into the reactor from the inner wall of said reactor upstream of the injection zone. The present invention also provides a method of mixing a fluidised stream of catalyst particles with a hydrocarbon feed, said method comprising the steps of: a) creating a stream of fluidised catalyst particles in a reactor; b) passing said stream of fluidised catalyst particles past a contacting device protruding into the reactor from the inner wall of said reactor; c) subsequently passing the stream of fluidised catalyst particles through an injection zone comprising a ring of feed injectors extending inwardly from the wall of the reactor and contacting said stream of fluidised catalyst particles with hydrocarbon feed provided through said feed injectors; d) passing the stream of fluidised catalyst particles contacted with hydrocarbon feed to a downstream section of the reactor to convert the hydrocarbon feed to a converted product in the presence of the catalyst particles.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 8/00 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
• B01J 8/18 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
• B01J 8/20 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles with liquid as a fluidising medium
• C10G 11/18 - Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils with preheated moving solid catalysts according to the "fluidised bed" technique
• B01J 8/38 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles according to "fluidised-bed" technique with fluidised bed containing a rotatable device or being subject to rotation
• B01F 23/50 - Mixing liquids with solids

Abstract

4262411 of at least 0.2 kton ethylene oxide/m31eff11xxx is at least 0.6 kton ethylene oxide/m31xeffxeffxleff1leff1 is in the range of from 0.8 to 1.2.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07D 301/10 - Synthesis of the oxirane ring by oxidation of unsaturated compounds, or of mixtures of unsaturated and saturated compounds with air or molecular oxygen in the gaseous phase with catalysts containing silver or gold

Abstract

A method for treating an offgas produced in the processing of a renewable feedstock, includes hydrotreating a renewable feedstock to produce an effluent having a hydrotreated liquid and a vapour phase. The effluent vapour phase contains hydrogen,carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulphide and carbon monoxide. The effluent is separated into a liquid stream and an offgas streams. The offgas stream, containing carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulphide is directed to a biological desulfurization unit where a majority of the hydrogen sulphide is converted to elemental sulphur and a CO2-rich gas stream is produced.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 3/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
• B01D 53/52 - Hydrogen sulfide
• B01D 53/84 - Biological processes
• C10K 1/00 - Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
• C10K 1/12 - Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquids; Reviving the used wash liquors with aqueous liquids alkaline-reacting

Abstract

A catalyst composition comprising an iron-pyridine bisimine ligand complex wherein the catalyst composition is prepared by combining iron chloride or iron carboxylate and pyridine bisimine ligand in a polar solvent and then removing the polar solvent. A method of preparing an oligomerization catalyst comprising combining an iron compound with a pyridine bisimine ligand in a polar solvent and then removing the polar solvent. A process for producing alpha-olefins comprising contacting an ethylene feed with an oligomerization catalyst system in an oligomerization reaction zone under oligomerization reaction conditions to produce a product stream comprising alpha-olefins wherein the catalyst system comprises an iron-ligand complex and a co-catalyst wherein the catalyst system is prepared in a process comprising combining an iron compound with a pyridine bisimine ligand in a polar solvent, removing the polar solvent and suspending the catalyst in a viscous fluid.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07F 15/02 - Iron compounds
• B01J 23/745 - Iron
• C08F 10/00 - Homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond

Abstract

The invention provides a process for producing alpha-olefins comprising: a) contacting an ethylene feed with an oligomerization catalyst system, the catalyst system comprising a metal-ligand catalyst and a co-catalyst, in an oligomerization reaction zone under oligomerization conditions to produce a product stream comprising alpha-olefins; b) withdrawing the product stream from the oligomerization reaction zone wherein the product stream further comprises oligomerization catalyst system; c) contacting the product stream with a catalyst deactivating agent to form a deactivated product stream that contains deactivated catalyst components; and d) heating the deactivated product stream to separate one or more components from the deactivated product stream.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 2/32 - Catalytic processes with hydrides or organic compounds as complexes, e.g. acetyl-acetonates
• C07C 2/34 - Metal-hydrocarbon complexes
• B01J 31/00 - Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds

Abstract

A process for producing alpha-olefins comprising contacting an ethylene feed with an oligomerization catalyst system in an oligomerization reaction zone under oligomerization reaction conditions to produce a product stream comprising alpha-olefins wherein the catalyst system comprises an iron-ligand complex and a modified methyl aluminoxane (MMAO) co-catalyst wherein the co-catalyst feed stream to the reaction zone is diluted in a solvent to a concentration of less than 1 wt% aluminum in the co-catalyst feed stream.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 2/32 - Catalytic processes with hydrides or organic compounds as complexes, e.g. acetyl-acetonates
• C07C 2/34 - Metal-hydrocarbon complexes
• C07C 11/02 - Alkenes
• C07C 11/107 - Alkenes with six carbon atoms

Abstract

A process for producing alpha-olefins comprising contacting an ethylene feed with an oligomerization catalyst system, the catalyst system comprising a metal-ligand complex and a co-catalyst, in an oligomerization reaction zone under oligomerization reaction conditions, the reaction conditions comprising a first reaction temperature of at least 70 °C, to produce a product stream comprising alpha-olefins and higher molecular weight oligomers and optionally polyethylene wherein after a first time period, the presence of higher molecular weight oligomers and optionally polyethylene reduces the flow rate through the reaction zone, fouls the reactor surface and/or reduces heat transfer and after that first time period, increasing the temperature of the reaction zone to a second reaction temperature that is at least 5 °C greater than the first reaction temperature for a second time period.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 2/32 - Catalytic processes with hydrides or organic compounds as complexes, e.g. acetyl-acetonates
• C07C 2/34 - Metal-hydrocarbon complexes
• C07C 11/02 - Alkenes
• C07C 11/08 - Alkenes with four carbon atoms
• C07C 11/107 - Alkenes with six carbon atoms

Abstract

458121317139111416812182115911192020 are selected from hydrogen, optionally substituted hydrocarbyl, hydroxo, cyano or an inert functional group.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 2/32 - Catalytic processes with hydrides or organic compounds as complexes, e.g. acetyl-acetonates
• C07C 11/02 - Alkenes
• C07C 11/08 - Alkenes with four carbon atoms
• C07C 11/107 - Alkenes with six carbon atoms

Abstract

A process for producing alpha-olefins comprising contacting an ethylene feed with an oligomerization catalyst system in an oligomerization reaction zone under oligomerization reaction conditions to produce a product stream comprising alpha-olefins wherein the catalyst system comprises an iron-ligand complex and a co-catalyst and the residence time in the reaction zone is in the range of from 2 to 40 minutes.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 2/32 - Catalytic processes with hydrides or organic compounds as complexes, e.g. acetyl-acetonates
• C07C 2/34 - Metal-hydrocarbon complexes
• C07C 11/02 - Alkenes
• C07C 11/08 - Alkenes with four carbon atoms
• C07C 11/107 - Alkenes with six carbon atoms

Abstract

A process for producing alpha-olefins comprising: a) contacting an ethylene feed with an oligomerization catalyst system in an oligomerization reaction zone under oligomerization reaction conditions to produce a product stream comprising alpha-olefins; and b) cooling at least a portion of the reaction zone using a heat exchange medium having an inlet temperature and an outlet temperature wherein the catalyst system comprises a metal-ligand complex and a co-catalyst; the oligomerization reaction conditions comprise a reaction temperature of greater than 70 °C; and the difference between the reaction zone temperature and the inlet temperature of the heat exchange medium is from 0.5 to 15 °C.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 2/32 - Catalytic processes with hydrides or organic compounds as complexes, e.g. acetyl-acetonates
• C07C 2/34 - Metal-hydrocarbon complexes
• C07C 11/02 - Alkenes
• C07C 11/08 - Alkenes with four carbon atoms
• C07C 11/107 - Alkenes with six carbon atoms

Abstract

22X); combining at least a portion of the non-aqueous phase with a conversion solution to form a second combined solution, heating the second combined solution to convert at least a portion of the xylose-diboronate ester into furfural to a temperature at or above which the second combined solution consists essentially of a homogeneous liquid phase, cooling down the heated second combined solution to a temperature wherein the cooled second combined solution comprises an aqueous phase comprising water and furfural and (ii) a non-aqueous phase comprising water-insoluble boronic acid and furfural.

IPC Classes  ?

• C08H 7/00 - Lignin; Modified lignin; High-molecular-weight products derived therefrom
• C07D 307/50 - Preparation from natural products

Abstract

This invention provides a lubricating composition for use as a transmission fluid in an electric vehicle, said lubricating composition comprising: (iii) at least 70wt%, based on the overall weight of the lubricating composition, of a biodegradable ester base oil with a kinematic viscosity at 100°C in the range of from 2.5 to 7.0 mm2/s, wherein the ester is biodegradable according to OECD test guidelines series 301; (iv) at least 0.5wt% and no more than 10wt%, based on the overall weight of the lubricating composition, of a viscosity index improver which is at least one high viscosity ester with a kinematic viscosity at 100°C of at least 1000mm2/s; and (v) an anti-foam additive selected from silicone oil based antifoam additives and polyacrylate antifoam additives.This invention also provides a process for lubricating an electric vehicle drive train comprising a transmission, said process comprising the steps of applying to said transmission a lubricating composition, said lubricating composition comprising: (iv) at least 70wt%, based on the overall weight of the lubricating composition, of a biodegradable ester base oil with a kinematic viscosity at 100°C in the range of from 2.5 to 7.0 mm2/s wherein the ester is biodegradable according to OECD test guidelines series 301; (v) at least 0.5wt% and no more than 10wt%, based on the overall weight of the lubricating composition, of a viscosity index improver which is at least one high viscosity ester with a kinematic viscosity at 100°C of at least 1000mm2/s; and (vi) an anti-foam additive selected from silicone oil based antifoam additives and polyacrylate antifoam additives.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10M 169/04 - Mixtures of base-materials and additives
• C10N 20/00 - Specified physical properties of component of lubricating compositions
• C10N 30/02 - Pour-point; Viscosity index
• C10N 30/00 - Specified physical or chemical property which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
• C10N 40/04 - Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
• C10N 40/16 - Electric or magnetic purposes dielectric; Insulating oil
• C10N 40/25 - Internal-combustion engines

Abstract

The invention relates to pre-treating an oil derived from a renewable feedstock to remove at least a portion of one or more contaminants by filtering the oil with a nanofiltration membrane. The resulting permeate oil has a reduced concentration of the contaminant relative to the feed stream to the nanofiltration membrane.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01D 61/02 - Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration
• C10G 31/11 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by methods not otherwise provided for by dialysis
• B01D 65/08 - Prevention of membrane fouling or of concentration polarisation
• B01D 17/00 - Separation of liquids, not provided for elsewhere, e.g. by thermal diffusion

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for producing syngas using catalytic reverse water gas shift (RWGS) reaction comprising heat exchangers and two RWGS reactors.

IPC Classes  ?

• C01B 3/16 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen, e.g. water, acids, bases, ammonia, with inorganic reducing agents by reaction of water vapour with carbon monoxide using catalysts
• B01J 8/04 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds
• B01J 8/06 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the solid particles being arranged in tubes
• C10K 3/02 - Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide by catalytic treatment

Abstract

A process for producing alpha-olefins comprising contacting an ethylene feed with an oligomerization catalyst in an oligomerization reaction zone under oligomerization conditions wherein the oligomerization catalyst comprises an iron-pyridine bisimine catalyst and the oligomerization conditions comprise a pressure of at least 3.79 MPa.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 2/32 - Catalytic processes with hydrides or organic compounds as complexes, e.g. acetyl-acetonates
• C07C 2/34 - Metal-hydrocarbon complexes
• C07C 11/02 - Alkenes
• C07C 11/107 - Alkenes with six carbon atoms

Abstract

A process for producing alpha-olefins comprising contacting an ethylene feed with an oligomerization catalyst system in an oligomerization reaction zone under oligomerization reaction conditions to produce a product stream comprising alpha-olefins wherein the catalyst system comprises an iron-ligand complex and a co-catalyst and the molar ratio of oxygen to iron being fed to the oligomerization reaction zone is of from 1:1 to 200:1. Alternatively, the molar ratio of oxygen to aluminum in MMAO being fed to the oligomerization reaction zone is less than 1:5.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 2/32 - Catalytic processes with hydrides or organic compounds as complexes, e.g. acetyl-acetonates
• C07C 2/34 - Metal-hydrocarbon complexes
• C07C 11/02 - Alkenes

Abstract

A process for producing alpha-olefins in an oligomerization reaction zone comprising: a) feeding a first stream comprising ethylene into the reaction zone; b) feeding a second stream comprising an iron-ligand catalyst and a co-catalyst in a solvent into the reaction zone; c) contacting the ethylene feed with the iron-ligand catalyst and the co-catalyst in the oligomerization reaction zone under oligomerization reaction conditions, including an oligomerization reaction temperature; and d) withdrawing a product stream comprising alpha-olefins and a method for starting up this process.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 2/32 - Catalytic processes with hydrides or organic compounds as complexes, e.g. acetyl-acetonates
• C07C 2/34 - Metal-hydrocarbon complexes
• C07C 11/107 - Alkenes with six carbon atoms
• C07C 11/02 - Alkenes

Abstract

A process for producing alpha-olefins comprising contacting ethylene with an oligomerization catalyst system in an oligomerization reaction zone under oligomerization conditions to produce a product stream comprising alpha-olefins wherein the oligomerization catalyst system comprises a metal-ligand complex and a co-catalyst and the oligomerization conditions are selected such that the product stream contains less than 50 ppmw of 1,3-hexadiene. A process for producing polyethylene comprising contacting ethylene with one or more alpha olefins in the presence of a polymerization catalyst wherein the one or more alpha olefins are produced in a process comprising contacting an ethylene feed with an oligomerization catalyst system in an oligomerization reaction zone under oligomerization conditions to produce a product stream comprising alpha-olefins wherein the oligomerization catalyst system comprises an iron-pyridine bisimine complex and an MMAO co-catalyst and the oligomerization conditions are selected such that the one or more alpha-olefins contain less than 100 ppmw of 1,3-hexadiene.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 2/34 - Metal-hydrocarbon complexes
• C07C 11/02 - Alkenes
• C08F 210/02 - Ethene

Abstract

A process for producing alpha-olefins comprising contacting an ethylene feed with an oligomerization catalyst system in an oligomerization reaction zone under oligomerization reaction conditions to produce a product stream comprising alpha-olefins wherein the catalyst system comprises a metal-ligand complex and a co-catalyst and the oligomerization reaction conditions comprise a reaction temperature of at least 115 °C.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 2/32 - Catalytic processes with hydrides or organic compounds as complexes, e.g. acetyl-acetonates
• C07C 2/34 - Metal-hydrocarbon complexes
• C07C 11/02 - Alkenes
• C07C 11/08 - Alkenes with four carbon atoms
• C07C 11/107 - Alkenes with six carbon atoms

Abstract

A process includes a.) supplying a biomass feedstock, a fluidizing gas having hydrogen, and a catalyst recirculation stream having deoxygenating catalyst to a mixing zone of a fluidized bed reactor; b.) allowing the biomass feedstock, the fluidizing gas and the deoxygenating catalyst to move upwards through the fluidized bed reactor from the mixing zone to a bulk reactor zone; c.) allowing the biomass feedstock to contact the deoxygenating catalyst in the presence of the fluidizing gas in the bulk reactor zone of the fluidized bed reactor to produce a hydropyrolysis reactor output including at least one non-condensable gas, a partially deoxygenated hydropyrolysis product and char; and d.) withdrawing at least a portion of the deoxygenating catalyst from the bulk reactor zone to form the catalyst recirculation stream that is supplied to the mixing zone in step a).

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 3/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
• C10G 11/18 - Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils with preheated moving solid catalysts according to the "fluidised bed" technique
• C10G 69/04 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one other conversion process plural serial stages only including at least one step of catalytic cracking in the absence of hydrogen
• B01J 8/24 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles according to "fluidised-bed" technique
• C10G 1/08 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by destructive hydrogenation with moving catalysts
• B01J 8/18 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles

Abstract

22X); combining at least a portion of the non-aqueous phase with an ionic conversion solution having a pH of less than or equal to 4 and comprising one or more salts to form a second combined solution, wherein the ionic conversion solution has a calculated molar ionic strength of at least 1, heating the second combined solution to convert at least a portion of the xylose-diboronate ester into furfural; separating the second combined solution into a second aqueous phase comprising from a second non-aqueous phase and recovering furfural from the second non-aqueous phase.

IPC Classes  ?

• C08H 7/00 - Lignin; Modified lignin; High-molecular-weight products derived therefrom
• C07D 307/50 - Preparation from natural products

Abstract

Use of a paraffinic gasoil in a fuel composition for reducing microbial growth, The present invention is relevant for a wide range of fuel compositions including diesel fuels, heating oils, aviation fuels, marine fuels, and the like.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10L 10/04 - Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for minimising corrosion or incrustation
• C10G 29/20 - Organic compounds not containing metal atoms
• C10L 1/04 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons

Abstract

Use of a detergent additive in a fuel composition for reducing microbial growth, The present invention is relevant for a wide range of fuel compositions including diesel fuels, heating oils, aviation fuels, marine fuels, and the like.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10L 1/22 - Organic compounds containing nitrogen
• C10L 1/198 - Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
• C10L 1/238 - Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
• C10L 10/04 - Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for minimising corrosion or incrustation
• C10L 10/18 - Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes use of detergents or dispersants for purposes not provided for in groups
• C10L 1/222 - Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond
• C10L 1/2383 - Polyamines or polyimines, or derivatives thereof

Abstract

The present invention provides a lubricating oil composition comprising: (A) a lubricant base oil including at least one type selected from mineral oil, PAO, and GTL (gas-to-liquid) base oils; (B) a compound having a structure obtained by independently subjecting propylene oxide to addition polymerization with an alcohol or a structure obtained by subjecting a combination of propylene oxide with ethylene oxide and/or butylene oxide to addition polymerization with an alcohol, and being configured so that polyalkylene glycol (PAG) with an oxygen/carbon weight ratio of 0.35 or more and less than 0.45 and/or one or both terminal hydroxyl groups in the polyalkylene glycol (PAG) are blocked; and (C) a fatty acid ester having an oxygen/carbon weight ratio of 0.05 to 0.35.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10M 169/04 - Mixtures of base-materials and additives
• C10N 20/02 - Viscosity; Viscosity index
• C10N 30/02 - Pour-point; Viscosity index
• C10N 30/08 - Resistance to extreme temperature
• C10N 30/00 - Specified physical or chemical property which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives

Abstract

Integrity of a downhole zonal isolation in an annulus (B, C, D) formed between two wellbore tubulars (4, 6, 8, 10) of a sub-sea wellbore is ascertained, by directing ultrasonic waves (32) at the at least two wellbore tubulars and the annulus in a direction at least transverse to the wellbore tubulars and at an inspection location above the downhole zonal isolation, detecting reflections caused by the ultrasonic waves from surfaces of at least the wellbore tubulars, and inferring from the detected reflections whether the annulus at the inspection location is filled with a liquid or a gas.

IPC Classes  ?

• E21B 47/107 - Locating fluid leaks, intrusions or movements using acoustic means

Abstract

A method involving automated salt body boundary interpretation employs multiple sequential supervised machine learning models which have been trained using training data. The training data may consist of pairs of seismic data and labels as determined by human interpretation. The machine learning models are deep learning models, and each of the deep learning models is aimed to address a specific challenge in the salt body boundary detection. The proposed approach consists of application of an ensemble of deep learning models applied sequentially, wherein each model is trained to address a specific challenge. In one example an initial salt boundary inference as generated by a first trained first deep learning model is subject to a trained refinement deep learning model for false positives removal.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01V 1/28 - Processing seismic data, e.g. analysis, for interpretation, for correction
• G01V 1/30 - Analysis

Abstract

12 34123 44 may be the same or different, each representing an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10M 173/00 - Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water
• C10M 173/02 - Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water not containing mineral or fatty oils

Abstract

The present invention provides a method of preparing a supported catalyst, preferably a hydrocracking catalyst, the method at least comprising the steps of:a) providing a zeolite Y having a bulk silica to alumina molar ratio (SAR) of at least 10; b) contacting the zeolite Y provided in step a) with a base and a surfactant, thereby obtaining a zeolite Y with increased mesoporosity; c) shaping the zeolite Y with increased mesoporosity as obtained in step b) thereby obtaining a shaped10catalyst carrier; d) calcining the shaped catalyst carrier as obtained in step c) in the presence of the surfactant of step b), thereby obtaining a calcined catalyst carrier; e) impregnating the catalyst carrier calcined in step d) with a noble metal component thereby obtaining a supported catalyst.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 29/12 - Noble metals
• B01J 35/10 - Solids characterised by their surface properties or porosity
• C10G 47/18 - Crystalline alumino-silicate carriers the catalyst containing platinum group metals or compounds thereof

Abstract

The present invention provides a process for hydro-demetallizing of residual hydro-carbonaceous feedstock, the process comprising:passing the feedstock to a vertically-disposed reaction zone comprising at least one moving bed reactor, wherein the at least one moving bed reactor comprises at least one catalyst bed of hydro-demetallization catalyst and is configured for catalyst addition and removal;subjecting the hydrodemetallization catalyst to in-line fresh catalyst deairing, pressurizing, and hydrocarbon soaking via a catalyst sluicing system before entering the moving bed reactor;further subjecting the hydrodemetallization catalyst to sulphidic activation before entering the moving bed reactor at a top portion of the moving bed reactor, wherein the hydrodemetallization catalyst is added to the moving bed reactor through gravity; removing any spent hydrodemetallization catalyst from a bottom portion of the moving bed reactor during processing of the feedstock; and subjecting the removed spent hydrodemetallization catalyst to in-line spent catalyst hydrocarbon removal, depressurizing, inerting, and airing; and wherein reactor internals located within the reaction zone provide balance and controlled catalyst movement during catalyst addition and removal from the moving bed reactor.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 45/18 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing with moving solid particles according to the "moving bed" technique
• B01J 37/20 - Sulfiding
• B01J 8/00 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
• B01J 8/12 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with moving particles moved by gravity in a downward flow
• C10G 45/04 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing characterised by the catalyst used
• B01J 35/08 - Spheres
• B01J 35/02 - Solids
• B01J 23/882 - Molybdenum and cobalt
• B01J 23/883 - Molybdenum and nickel
• B01J 27/19 - Molybdenum

Abstract

The present invention provides a process for hydro-demetallizing of residual hydro-carbonaceous feedstock, the process comprising:passing the feedstock to a vertically-disposed reaction zone comprising at least one moving bed reactor to produce an effluent, wherein the at least one moving bed reactor comprises at least one catalyst bed of hydro-demetallization catalyst and is configured for catalyst addition and removal;subjecting the hydrodemetallization catalyst to in-line fresh catalyst deairing, pressurizing, and hydrocarbon soaking via a catalyst sluicing system before entering the moving bed reactor;further subjecting the hydrodemetallization catalyst to sulphidic activation before entering the moving bed reactor at a top portion of the moving bed reactor, wherein the hydrodemetallization catalyst is added to the moving bed reactor through gravity; removing any spent hydrodemetallization catalyst from a bottom portion of the moving bed reactor during processing of the feedstock; and subjecting the removed spent hydrodemetallization catalyst to in-line spent catalyst hydrocarbon removal, depressurizing, inerting, and airing; passing the effluent to at least one fixed bed reactor for further processing; and wherein reactor internals located within the reaction zone provide balance and controlled catalyst movement during catalyst addition and removal from the moving bed reactor.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 45/18 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing with moving solid particles according to the "moving bed" technique
• B01J 37/20 - Sulfiding
• B01J 8/00 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
• B01J 8/12 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with moving particles moved by gravity in a downward flow
• C10G 45/04 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing characterised by the catalyst used
• C10G 65/04 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by two or more hydrotreatment processes only plural serial stages only including only refining steps
• C10G 65/12 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by two or more hydrotreatment processes only plural serial stages only including cracking steps and other hydrotreatment steps
• B01J 35/02 - Solids
• B01J 35/08 - Spheres
• B01J 23/883 - Molybdenum and nickel
• B01J 35/10 - Solids characterised by their surface properties or porosity
• B01J 37/28 - Phosphorising

Abstract

The invention relates to a process for the recovery of aliphatic hydrocarbons from a liquid stream comprising aliphatic hydrocarbons, heteroatom containing organic compounds and optionally aromatic hydrocarbons, involving a) contacting said liquid stream with a washing solvent thereby removing heteroatom containing organic compounds; b) liquid-liquid extraction of the washed stream with an extraction solvent; wherein during step a) and/or between multiple steps a) and/or between steps a) and b) and/or after step b), heteroatom containing organic compounds, optional aromatic hydrocarbons and optional other contaminants are removed from said liquid stream and/or from a washed stream resulting from step a) and/or from a raffinate stream resulting from step b), respectively, by contacting the latter stream(s) with a sorption agent. Further, the invention relates to a process for the recovery of aliphatic hydrocarbons from plastics comprising the above-mentioned process; and to a process for steam cracking a hydrocarbon feed comprising aliphatic hydrocarbons as recovered in one of the above-mentioned processes.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 1/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
• C10G 1/02 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by distillation
• C10G 1/10 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal from rubber or rubber waste
• C10G 53/06 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by two or more refining processes plural serial stages only including at least one extraction step including only extraction steps, e.g. deasphalting by solvent treatment followed by extraction of aromatics
• C10G 53/08 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by two or more refining processes plural serial stages only including at least one sorption step
• C10G 55/04 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by at least one refining process and at least one cracking process plural serial stages only including at least one thermal cracking step

Abstract

223322. The portion of the MOH is used in step (a) and the carboxylic acid is formic acid (HCOOH).

IPC Classes  ?

• C25B 1/46 - Simultaneous production of alkali metal hydroxides and chlorine, oxyacids or salts of chlorine, e.g. by chlor-alkali electrolysis in diaphragm cells
• C25B 15/08 - Supplying or removing reactants or electrolytes; Regeneration of electrolytes
• C07C 51/02 - Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides, or anhydrides from salts of carboxylic acids
• C07C 51/09 - Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides, or anhydrides from carboxylic acid esters or lactones
• C07C 51/41 - Preparation of salts of carboxylic acids by conversion of the acids or their salts into salts with the same carboxylic acid part
• C07C 67/08 - Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by reacting carboxylic acids or symmetrical anhydrides with the hydroxy or O-metal group of organic compounds
• C07C 53/02 - Formic acid
• C07C 53/06 - Salts thereof
• C07C 69/06 - Formic acid esters of monohydroxylic compounds
• C07C 55/06 - Oxalic acid

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a method for replacing a catalyst of a reactor train of an operating hydroprocessing system comprising a plurality of reactor trains comprising a catalyst and each configured to receive a feed fluid and combine a portion of the feed fluid with a hydrogen stream over the catalyst to generate a hydrotreated fluid, the method comprising activating a valving system of the operating hydroprocessing system to disrupt operation of a select reactor train comprising a spent catalyst to form a disrupted reactor train while maintaining operation of at least one other reactor train; activating the gas processing system to form a decontaminated catalyst, removing the decontaminated catalyst from the disrupted reactor train to form a catalyst free reactor train; loading the catalyst free reactor train with a fresh catalyst to produce a charged reactor train; and restoring operation of the catalyst charged reactor train.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 8/00 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
• B01J 19/18 - Stationary reactors having moving elements inside
• B01J 19/24 - Stationary reactors without moving elements inside
• B01J 38/00 - Regeneration or reactivation of catalysts, in general
• B01J 38/04 - Gas or vapour treating; Treating by using liquids vaporisable upon contacting spent catalyst
• C10G 69/14 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one other conversion process plural parallel stages only
• B01J 8/02 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds

Abstract

RECOVERY OF ALIPHATIC HYDROCARBONSThe invention relates to a process for the recovery of aliphatic hydrocarbons from a liquid stream comprising aliphatic hydrocarbons, heteroatom containing organic compounds and optionally aromatic hydrocarbons, involving a) contacting said liquid stream with a stream having a pH above 7 and comprising a washing solvent, preceded and/or followed by contacting with a stream having a pH below 7 and comprising a washing solvent; b) liquid-liquid extraction of the washed stream with an extraction solvent. Further, the invention relates to a process for the recovery of aliphatic hydrocarbons from plastics comprising the above-mentioned process; and to a process for steam cracking a hydrocarbon feed comprising aliphatic hydrocarbons as recovered in one of the above-mentioned processes.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 1/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
• C10G 1/10 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal from rubber or rubber waste
• C10G 53/06 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by two or more refining processes plural serial stages only including at least one extraction step including only extraction steps, e.g. deasphalting by solvent treatment followed by extraction of aromatics
• C10G 55/04 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by at least one refining process and at least one cracking process plural serial stages only including at least one thermal cracking step

Abstract

A method for calibrating a direct flow simulation of a rock sample involves providing a 3D image of a rock sample and generating a segmented structural image of the rock sample from the 3D image by selecting voxels to represent either a pore space or a solid material. Fluid flow is simulated on the segmented structural image with a direct flow simulation. A 3D spatially-resolved fluid velocity map is generated for one or more fluid phases at a pore-scale resolution using pulsed field gradient nuclear magnetic resonance imaging. The simulated fluid flow and the 3D spatially-resolved fluid velocity map are compared to calibrate the direct flow simulation across the rock sample.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01N 15/08 - Investigating permeability, pore volume, or surface area of porous materials
• G01N 33/24 - Earth materials

Abstract

A facility for the production of liquefied natural gas comprising a liquefaction train. The train comprises a plurality of modules to perform the process steps associated with liquefied natural gas production. The train further comprises a primary cooling loop to cool at least a process stream from each module and a first and a second mixed refrigerants against a first coolant comprising clean water. The primary cooling loop is a closed clean water loop, and the cooling is against an ambient temperature. The train further comprises a first plurality of heat exchangers through which the primary cooling loop extends. The cooling is via heat exchange in at least the first plurality of heat exchangers with respect to the first coolant. More than 50% of the first plurality of heat exchangers are printed circuit heat exchangers, which are adapted to provide at least 80% of the cooling against the ambient temperature.

IPC Classes  ?

• F25J 1/00 - Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures

Abstract

A drill string is provided with at a distal end thereof a bottom hole assembly including a drill bit. The drill string and the bottom hole assembly are continuously rotated in a borehole, while applying a weight on bit, to further drill the borehole in the Earth. During rotation, the weight on bit is increased in a predetermined toolface sector, and reduced outside of the predetermined toolface sector, in order to preferentially deviate the drilling in one direction.

IPC Classes  ?

• E21B 44/00 - Automatic control systems specially adapted for drilling operations, i.e. self-operating systems which function to carry out or modify a drilling operation without intervention of a human operator, e.g. computer-controlled drilling systems; Systems specially adapted for monitoring a plurality of drilling variables or conditions
• E21B 7/04 - Directional drilling
• E21B 7/06 - Deflecting the direction of boreholes

Abstract

Use of a diesel fuel composition comprising (5) vol% or greater of biodiesel for reducing the build-up of deposits in an Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) system of a compression ignition internal combustion engine.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10L 1/02 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
• C10L 1/08 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons for compression ignition
• C10L 1/19 - Esters
• C10L 10/04 - Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for minimising corrosion or incrustation

Abstract

An unleaded aviation fuel composition having a MON of at least 99.6, sulfur content of less than 0.05wt%, CHN content of at least 98wt%, less than 2 wt% of oxygen content, an adjusted heat of combustion of at least 43.5 MJ/kg, a vapor pressure in the range of 38 to 49 kPa, comprising a blend comprising: from 5 vol.% to 25 vol.% of toluene having a MON of at least 107; from 0.5 vol.% to 4 vol.% of aniline;from 30 vol% to 70 vol% of at least one alkylate or alkyate blend having an initial boiling range of from 32°C to 60°C and a final boiling range of from 105°C to 140°C, having T40 of less than 99°C, T50 of less than 100°C, T90 of less than 110°C, the alkylate or alkylate blend comprising isoparaffins from 4 to 9 carbon atoms, 3-20vol% of C5 isoparaffins, 3-15vol% of C7 isoparaffins, and 60-90 vol% of C8 isoparaffins, based on the alkylate or alkylate blend, and less than 1 vol% of C10+, based on the alkylate or alkylate blend; from 0.1 vol.% to 10 vol.% of branched alkyl acetate; at least 8 vol% of isopentane, isobutane, or mixture thereof in an amount sufficient to reach a vapor pressure in the range of 38 to 49 kPa; from 2 vol.% to 10 vol.% of mesitylene; wherein the fuel composition contains less than 1 vol% of C8 aromatics. As well as meeting the requirements of the ASTM D910 specification, the unleaded aviation fuel compositions of the present invention exhibit reduced bladder delamination, improved materials compatibility such as reduced elastomer swelling and reduced paint staining, and improved engine endurance.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10L 1/06 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons for spark ignition
• C10L 1/19 - Esters
• C10L 1/222 - Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond
• C10L 1/14 - Organic compounds
• C10L 1/16 - Hydrocarbons
• C10L 1/223 - Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond having at least one amino group bound to an aromatic carbon atom
• C10L 10/10 - Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for improving the octane number

Abstract

The invention relates to a process for the recovery of aliphatic hydrocarbons from a liquid stream comprising aliphatic hydrocarbons, heteroatom containing organic compounds and optionally aromatic hydrocarbons, involving a) liquid-liquid extraction of said liquid stream with an extraction solvent; b) mixing the extract stream, comprising extraction solvent, heteroatom containing organic compounds and optionally aromatic hydrocarbons, with a demixing solvent to remove heteroatom containing organic compounds and optional aromatic hydrocarbons; and c) membrane separation of the remaining stream into a demixing solvent containing permeate stream and an extraction solvent containing retentate stream. Further, the invention relates to a process for the recovery of aliphatic hydrocarbons from plastics comprising the above-mentioned process; and to a process for steam cracking a hydrocarbon feed comprising aliphatic hydrocarbons as recovered in one of the above-mentioned processes.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 53/04 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by two or more refining processes plural serial stages only including at least one extraction step
• C10G 21/06 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by extraction with selective solvents characterised by the solvent used
• C10G 1/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
• C10G 1/10 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal from rubber or rubber waste
• C07C 7/144 - Purification, separation or stabilisation of hydrocarbons; Use of additives using membranes, e.g. selective permeation
• C10G 55/04 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by at least one refining process and at least one cracking process plural serial stages only including at least one thermal cracking step
• C02F 1/44 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis

Abstract

The invention relates to a process for the recovery of aliphatic hydrocarbons from a liquid stream comprising aliphatic hydrocarbons, heteroatom containing organic compounds and optionally aromatic hydrocarbons, involving a) liquid-liquid extraction of said liquid stream with an extraction solvent, wherein before and/or after step a)heteroatom containing organic compounds, optional aromatic hydrocarbons and optional other contaminants are removed from said liquid stream and/or from a raffinate stream resulting from step a), respectively, by contacting the latter stream(s) with a sorption agent. Further, the invention relates to a process for the recovery of aliphatic hydrocarbons from plastics comprising the above-mentioned process; and to a process for steam cracking a hydrocarbon feed comprising aliphatic hydrocarbons as recovered in one of the above-mentioned processes.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 1/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
• C10G 1/02 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by distillation
• C10G 1/10 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal from rubber or rubber waste
• C10G 53/00 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by two or more refining processes
• C10G 53/04 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by two or more refining processes plural serial stages only including at least one extraction step
• C10G 53/08 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by two or more refining processes plural serial stages only including at least one sorption step
• C10G 55/04 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by at least one refining process and at least one cracking process plural serial stages only including at least one thermal cracking step
• C10G 21/28 - Recovery of used solvent

Abstract

An isolation joint is provided with a downhole tubular that has an expandable section which, in axial direction, is sandwiched between a first separator section and a second separator section of the downhole tubular. The expandable section has a circumferential band of increased wall thickness compared to the wall thicknesses of the first and second separator sections. Furthermore, the downhole tubular is provided with a mating support at a predetermined axial location relative to said at least expandable section, adapted for mating with the local expander device within said downhole tubular. This mating support ensures transversal alignment with of a local expander device with the downhole tubular such that the local expansion exclusively is activated within the expandable section.

IPC Classes  ?

• E21B 43/10 - Setting of casings, screens or liners in wells
• E21B 23/04 - Apparatus for displacing, setting, locking, releasing or removing tools, packers or the like in boreholes or wells operated by fluid means, e.g. actuated by explosion
• E21B 23/06 - Apparatus for displacing, setting, locking, releasing or removing tools, packers or the like in boreholes or wells for setting packers

Abstract

The invention relates to a process for the recovery of aliphatic hydrocarbons from a liquid stream comprising aliphatic hydrocarbons, heteroatom containing organic compounds and optionally aromatic hydrocarbons, involving a) liquid-liquid extraction of said liquid stream with an extraction solvent thereby recovering part of the aliphatic hydrocarbons; b1) mixing the extract stream, comprising extraction solvent, aliphatic hydrocarbons, heteroatom containing organic compounds and optionally aromatic hydrocarbons, with a demixing solvent to recover additional aliphatic hydrocarbons; b2) mixing the remaining stream with additional demixing solvent to remove heteroatom containing organic compounds and optional aromatic hydrocarbons; and c) separation of the remaining stream into a demixing solvent stream and an extraction solvent stream. Further, the invention relates to a process for the recovery of aliphatic hydrocarbons from plastics comprising the above-mentioned process; and to a process for steam cracking a hydrocarbon feed comprising aliphatic hydrocarbons as recovered in one of the above-mentioned processes.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 21/12 - Organic compounds only
• C10G 21/28 - Recovery of used solvent
• C10G 53/06 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by two or more refining processes plural serial stages only including at least one extraction step including only extraction steps, e.g. deasphalting by solvent treatment followed by extraction of aromatics
• C10G 1/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
• C10G 1/02 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by distillation
• C10G 1/10 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal from rubber or rubber waste
• C10G 55/04 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by at least one refining process and at least one cracking process plural serial stages only including at least one thermal cracking step

Abstract

The invention relates to a process for the recovery of aliphatic hydrocarbons from a liquid stream comprising aliphatic hydrocarbons, heteroatom containing organic compounds and optionally aromatic hydrocarbons, involving (i) contacting said liquid stream with a washing solvent thereby removing heteroatom containing organic compounds; a) liquid- liquid extraction of the washed stream with an extraction solvent thereby recovering part of the aliphatic hydrocarbons; b1) mixing the extract stream, comprising extraction solvent, aliphatic hydrocarbons, heteroatom containing organic compounds and optionally aromatic hydrocarbons, with a demixing solvent to recover additional aliphatic hydrocarbons; b2) mixing the remaining stream with additional demixing solvent to remove heteroatom containing organic compounds and optional aromatic hydrocarbons; and c) separation of the remaining stream into a demixing solvent stream and an extraction solvent stream. Further, the invention relates to a process for the recovery of aliphatic hydrocarbons from plastics comprising the above-mentioned process; and to a process for steam cracking a hydrocarbon feed comprising aliphatic hydrocarbons as recovered in one of the above-mentioned processes.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 1/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
• C10G 1/02 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by distillation
• C10G 1/10 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal from rubber or rubber waste
• C10G 21/28 - Recovery of used solvent
• C10G 53/06 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by two or more refining processes plural serial stages only including at least one extraction step including only extraction steps, e.g. deasphalting by solvent treatment followed by extraction of aromatics
• C10G 55/04 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by at least one refining process and at least one cracking process plural serial stages only including at least one thermal cracking step

Abstract

The invention relates to a process for the recovery of aliphatic hydrocarbons from a liquid stream comprising aliphatic hydrocarbons, heteroatom containing organic compounds and optionally aromatic hydrocarbons, involving (i) membrane separation of said liquid stream into a permeate stream, which is either (i) an aliphatic hydrocarbons-rich stream or (ii) a contaminant-rich stream, and a retentate stream comprising aliphatic hydrocarbons, heteroatom containing organic compounds and optionally aromatic hydrocarbons; and a) liquid-liquid extraction of at least part of the retentate stream with an extraction solvent a) to remove heteroatom containing organic compounds and optional aromatic hydrocarbons. Further, the invention relates to a process for the recovery of aliphatic hydrocarbons from plastics comprising the above-mentioned process; and to a process for steam cracking a hydrocarbon feed comprising aliphatic hydrocarbons as recovered in one of the above-mentioned processes.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 31/11 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by methods not otherwise provided for by dialysis
• C10G 21/06 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by extraction with selective solvents characterised by the solvent used
• C10G 53/04 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by two or more refining processes plural serial stages only including at least one extraction step
• C10G 1/10 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal from rubber or rubber waste
• C07C 7/144 - Purification, separation or stabilisation of hydrocarbons; Use of additives using membranes, e.g. selective permeation
• C10G 21/28 - Recovery of used solvent

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a process for generating a stripped fluid having reduced chloride content, the process comprising stripping chloride from a hydroprocessing effluent using a hot high pressure stripper to generate the stripped fluid and a vapour, wherein the stripped fluid comprises a lower chloride content than the hydroprocessing effluent, and wherein the vapour comprises chloride.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 45/02 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing

Abstract

The invention relates to a process for the recovery of aliphatic hydrocarbons from a liquid stream comprising aliphatic hydrocarbons, heteroatom containing organic compounds and optionally aromatic hydrocarbons, involving (i) contacting said liquid stream with a washing solvent thereby removing heteroatom containing organic compounds; a) liquid-liquid extraction of the washed stream with an extraction solvent; b) mixing the extract stream, comprising extraction solvent, heteroatom containing organic compounds and optionally aromatic hydrocarbons, with a demixing solvent to remove additional heteroatom containing organic compounds and optional aromatic hydrocarbons; and c) separation of the remaining stream into a demixing solvent stream and an extraction solvent stream. Further, the invention relates to a process for the recovery of aliphatic hydrocarbons from plastics comprising the above-mentioned process; and to a process for steam cracking a hydrocarbon feed comprising aliphatic hydrocarbons as recovered in one of the above-mentioned processes.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 53/04 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by two or more refining processes plural serial stages only including at least one extraction step
• C10G 21/06 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by extraction with selective solvents characterised by the solvent used
• C10G 21/28 - Recovery of used solvent
• C10G 1/10 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal from rubber or rubber waste

Abstract

The invention relates to a process for the recovery of aliphatic hydrocarbons from a liquid stream comprising aliphatic hydrocarbons, heteroatom containing organic compounds and optionally aromatic hydrocarbons, involving a) liquid-liquid extraction of said liquid stream with an extraction solvent; b) mixing the extract stream, comprising extraction solvent, heteroatom containing organic compounds and optionally aromatic hydrocarbons, with a demixing solvent to remove part of the heteroatom containing organic compounds and optional aromatic hydrocarbons; and c) separation of the remaining stream into a demixing solvent stream and an extraction solvent stream, wherein before and/or after step c) additional heteroatom containing organic compounds and optional aromatic hydrocarbons are removed from that remaining stream and/or from a stream resulting from step c), respectively, by contacting the latter stream (s) with a sorption agent. Further, the invention relates to a process for the recovery of aliphatic hydrocarbons from plastics comprising the above-mentioned process; and to a process for steam cracking a hydrocarbon feed comprising aliphatic hydrocarbons as recovered in one of the above-mentioned processes.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 53/04 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by two or more refining processes plural serial stages only including at least one extraction step
• C10G 53/08 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by two or more refining processes plural serial stages only including at least one sorption step
• C10G 1/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
• C10G 1/02 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by distillation
• C10G 1/10 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal from rubber or rubber waste
• C10G 53/00 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by two or more refining processes
• C10G 55/00 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by at least one refining process and at least one cracking process
• C10G 55/04 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by at least one refining process and at least one cracking process plural serial stages only including at least one thermal cracking step

Abstract

The invention relates to a process for the recovery of aliphatic hydrocarbons from a liquid stream comprising aliphatic hydrocarbons, heteroatom containing organic compounds and optionally aromatic hydrocarbons, involving a) liquid-liquid extraction of said liquid stream with an extraction solvent; a1) membrane separation of the extract stream, comprising extraction solvent, heteroatom containing organic compounds and optionally aromatic hydrocarbons, into an extraction solvent-rich stream and a contaminant-rich stream comprising extraction solvent, heteroatom containing organic compounds and optionally aromatic hydrocarbons; b) mixing the contaminant-rich stream with a demixing solvent to remove heteroatom containing organic compounds and optional aromatic hydrocarbons; and c) separation of the remaining stream into a demixing solvent containing stream and an extraction solvent containing stream. Further, the invention relates to a process for the recovery of aliphatic hydrocarbons from plastics comprising the above-mentioned process; and to a process for steam cracking a hydrocarbon feed comprising aliphatic hydrocarbons as recovered in one of the above-mentioned processes.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 21/06 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by extraction with selective solvents characterised by the solvent used
• C10G 31/09 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by methods not otherwise provided for by filtration
• C10G 53/04 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by two or more refining processes plural serial stages only including at least one extraction step
• C10G 1/10 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal from rubber or rubber waste
• C10G 31/11 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by methods not otherwise provided for by dialysis
• C07C 7/144 - Purification, separation or stabilisation of hydrocarbons; Use of additives using membranes, e.g. selective permeation
• B01D 61/00 - Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
• C10G 21/28 - Recovery of used solvent

Abstract

The invention provides a process for the separation of a diol from a product stream. The process includes the steps of: i) separating the product stream comprising three or more C2 to C6 diols, C3 to C6 sugar alcohols, and C4 to C6 polyhydric alcohols with at least 3 hydroxyl groups in the molecule, and a catalyst, to produce a first stream comprising the three or more C2 to C6 diols; ii) separating the first stream comprising the three or moreC2 to C6 diols into a) a second stream comprising a first diol and unsaturated hydrocarbons and/or one or more compounds with a carbonyl group and b) a third stream comprising two or more diols; iii) hydrogenating the second stream comprising a first diol and unsaturated hydrocarbons and/or one or more compounds with a carbonyl group to provide a purified diol stream.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 29/132 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen-containing functional group
• C07C 29/84 - Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives by physical treatment by distillation by extractive distillation
• C07C 29/90 - Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives by treatment giving rise to a chemical modification of at least one compound using hydrogen only
• C07C 31/202 -

Abstract

The present invention provides a portable hydrogen dispensing system comprising: (a) a hydrogen dispensing module for dispensing hydrogen received from an external hydrogen source to a hydrogen receptacle in fluid communication with said hydrogen dispensing module, said hydrogen dispensing module is capable of dispensing hydrogen to the receptacle, (b) a power module for providing electricity to operate the portable hydrogen dispensing system, said power module is capable of receiving hydrogen from the external hydrogen source wherein said power module is configured to use a portion of the hydrogen received from the external hydrogen source to generate said electricity and wherein the power module is capable of generating at least all the electricity to operate the portable hydrogen dispensing system to enable operation of the portable hydrogen dispensing system to be independent of an external source of power; (c) a distribution module operable to (i) enable fluid communication between the external hydrogen source and the hydrogen dispensing module or isolate the hydrogen dispensing module from the hydrogen source, and (ii) enable fluid communication between the hydrogen source and the power module or isolate the power module from the hydrogen source, (d) a control module for operating the distribution module to (i) enable fluid communication between the hydrogen source and the hydrogen dispensing module, (ii) isolate the hydrogen dispensing module from the hydrogen source, (iii) enable fluid communication between the hydrogen source and the power module, or (iv) isolate the power module from the hydrogen source based at least on whether the portable hydrogen dispensing system is being connected to or disconnected from the hydrogen source,wherein said control module is configured to operate the hydrogen dispensing module to provide hydrogen to the hydrogen receptacle at a variable flow rate in a range from greater than zero grams/second to a maximum rate of 300 grams/second, wherein said hydrogen dispensing module is capable of operating at a variable flow rate as determined by the control module based at least on inputs comprising the pressure of hydrogen in the hydrogen receptacle and the pressure rating of the hydrogen receptacle; wherein said control module is configured to operate the power module to generate an amount of energy determined by the control module based at least on inputs comprising the power requirement of at least one of the hydrogen dispensing module, the distribution module, and the control module;wherein the distribution module, the hydrogen dispensing module, the power module, and the control module are secured in a manner to enable the portable hydrogen dispensing system to be transported from one location to another location.

IPC Classes  ?

• F17C 5/06 - Methods or apparatus for filling pressure vessels with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases for filling with compressed gases

Abstract

A method of drilling a relief well to intercept a target well in an Earth formation, wherein Measurement While Drilling (MWD) survey data is used for estimation of the distance to and the direction towards the target well without assumptions for the remnant magnetic field. The method uses a combination of MWD measurements and calculated 3D well paths for the accurate estimation of the distance to and the direction towards the target well.

IPC Classes  ?

• E21B 7/04 - Directional drilling
• E21B 47/0228 - Determining slope or direction of the borehole, e.g. using geomagnetism using electromagnetic energy or detectors therefor

Abstract

222222322 with a mono-alcohol to obtain the ester. The invention further relates to a system for converting CO2.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 51/00 - Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides, or anhydrides
• C07C 55/06 - Oxalic acid
• C07C 67/03 - Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by reacting an ester group with a hydroxy group
• C07C 67/08 - Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by reacting carboxylic acids or symmetrical anhydrides with the hydroxy or O-metal group of organic compounds
• C07C 69/36 - Oxalic acid esters
• C09K 17/18 - Prepolymers; Macromolecular compounds
• C08G 83/00 - Macromolecular compounds not provided for in groups

Abstract

A battery supercapacitor hybrid system using a double hybridization electrodes configuration via the chemical integration of different carbon and LTO -based nanomaterials components, including hybrids of lithium carboxylated CNTs and graphene, different types of functionalized carbon-based nanomaterials, crystalline nano-sized/nanostructured LTO embedded in carbon and LIB components.

IPC Classes  ?

• H01G 11/04 - Hybrid capacitors
• H01G 11/36 - Nanostructures, e.g. nanofibres, nanotubes or fullerenes
• H01G 11/50 - Electrodes characterised by their material specially adapted for lithium-ion capacitors, e.g. for lithium-doping or for intercalation
• H01G 11/06 - Hybrid capacitors with one of the electrodes allowing ions to be reversibly doped thereinto, e.g. lithium ion capacitors [LIC]
• H01M 12/02 - Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof - Details
• H01M 12/00 - Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof

Abstract

A reactor system, which is active in pyrolyzing methane at effective conditions, comprising a molten salt medium and a reaction vessel, the molten salt being contained within the reaction vessel using various methods of catalyst distribution within the vessel such that when methane passes through the vessel, it comes into contact with said catalyst causing a pyrolysis reaction thereby producing molecular hydrogen with reduced carbon dioxide emissions. The catalyst may be placed within the reaction vessel either as suspended particles or in a structured packed form.

IPC Classes  ?

• C01B 3/26 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by decomposition of gaseous or liquid organic compounds of hydrocarbons using catalysts
• C01B 32/05 - Preparation or purification of carbon not covered by groups , , ,
• B01J 19/24 - Stationary reactors without moving elements inside

Abstract

It is an object of the present invention to obtain a lubricating oil composition for a transmission from which excellent performance can be obtained. The invention therefore provides a lubricating oil composition for a transmission comprises a base oil, and a poly(meth)acrylate and an olefin copolymer as a viscosity modifier. The ratio of the poly(meth)acrylate to the olefin copolymer in the viscosity modifier is 100:0 to 20:80 in terms of the mass percentage. The kinematic viscosity at 100°C of the composition is 5.5 mm 2/s or less, the viscosity index is 160 or more, the rate of decrease in the kinematic viscosity at 100°C after a KRL shear stability test (60°C, 20 hr) is 2% or less, and the amount of deposit in a panel coking test is 120 mg or less.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10M 169/04 - Mixtures of base-materials and additives

Abstract

The invention provides a lubricating oil composition comprising: a base oil; and coated particles made of nanoparticles and phosphonic acid coating at least a portion of the surface of the nanoparticles.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10M 125/00 - Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an inorganic material
• C10M 125/24 - Compounds containing phosphorus, arsenic or antimony

Abstract

The present invention provides an engine oil composition comprising:i) in the range of 70 to 95 percent by weight of a base oil, based on the overall weight of the engine oil composition;ii) in the range of 0.01 to 15 percent by weight of a dispersant comb polymer, based on the overall weight of the engine oil composition;wherein the dispersant comb polymer consists ofa. 13.7% by weight of a macromonomer, which is an ester of methacrylic acid and a hydroxylated hydrogenated polybutadiene with Mn of 4750 g/mol;b. 51.5 % by weight of n-butyl methacrylate;c. 17.3% by weight of LMA;d. 11.2% by weight of styrene;e. 0.2% by weight of methyl methacrylate; andf. 6.1% by weight of N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate;wherein the modified dispersant inhibitor package contains 30wt% or less of succinimide type dispersant based on the overall weight of the modified dispersant inhibitor additive package, and wherein the engine oil composition has an SAE viscosity grade of 0W-X, wherein X is 30 or less.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10M 169/04 - Mixtures of base-materials and additives
• C10N 30/06 - Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
• C10N 20/00 - Specified physical properties of component of lubricating compositions
• C10N 30/02 - Pour-point; Viscosity index
• C10N 30/00 - Specified physical or chemical property which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
• C10N 40/25 - Internal-combustion engines

Abstract

The specification discloses a highly macroporous catalyst for hydroprocessing and hydroconversion of heavy hydrocarbon feedstocks. The high macroporosity catalyst incudes an inorganic oxide, molybdenum, and nickel components. It has a pore structure such that at least 18 % of its total pore volume is in pores of a diameter greater than 5,000 angstroms and at least 25 % of its total pore volume is in pores of a diameter greater than 1,000 angstroms. Preferably, the pore structure is bimodal. The catalyst is made by co-mulling the catalytic components with a high molecular weight polyacrylamide followed by forming the co-mulled mixture into a particle or an extrudate. The particle or extrudate is dried and calcined under controlled calcination temperature conditions to yield a calcined particle or extrudate of the high macroporosity catalyst composition.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 23/883 - Molybdenum and nickel
• B01J 35/10 - Solids characterised by their surface properties or porosity
• B01J 37/00 - Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts

Abstract

A fertilizer composite comprising a simple or complex granular solid fertilizer and a coating covering the fertilizer granules, the coating comprising from 10-90 wt% of a first wax component comprising linear alpha olefin wax having a carbon number in the range of from 20 to 100 and a congealing point in the range of from 40 to 80 C.

IPC Classes  ?

• C05G 3/20 - Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specifically fertilising activity for preventing the fertilisers being reduced to powder; Anti-dusting additives
• C05G 5/30 - Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings
• C05G 5/35 - Capsules, e.g. core-shell

Abstract

A process for hydroprocessing a renewable feedstock involves introducing the renewable feedstock and hydrogen in a downward flow into a top portion of a fixed-bed reactor and distributing the downward flow to a top surface of a first catalyst bed in a manner such that the top surface is uniformly wetted across the reactor cross section. The feedstock then flows downwardly through the first catalyst bed, where it is reacted under hydroprocessing conditions sufficient to cause a reaction selected from the group consisting of hydrogenation, hydrodeoxygenation, hydrodenitrogenation, hydrodesulphurization, hydrodemetallization, hydrocracking, hydroisomerization, and combinations thereof. A hydrocarbon liquid separated from the reaction effluent is recycled to the renewable feedstock in a ratio of 0.4:1 to 1.8:1, based on the volume of the renewable feedstock.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 3/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
• B01J 8/04 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds
• C10G 49/00 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds, not provided for in a single one of groups , , , , or
• B01J 8/02 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
• C10G 65/04 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by two or more hydrotreatment processes only plural serial stages only including only refining steps
• C10G 65/08 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by two or more hydrotreatment processes only plural serial stages only including only refining steps at least one step being a hydrogenation of the aromatic hydrocarbons
• C10G 65/12 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by two or more hydrotreatment processes only plural serial stages only including cracking steps and other hydrotreatment steps
• C10G 45/44 - Hydrogenation of the aromatic hydrocarbons
• C10G 45/58 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to change the structural skeleton of some of the hydrocarbon content without cracking the other hydrocarbons present, e.g. lowering pour point; Selective hydrocracking of normal paraffins

Abstract

The invention relates to a process for the production of ethylene in an integrated configuration comprising (i) a steam cracker configuration which comprises a steam cracker unit, a water condensation unit and a carbon dioxide removal unit and (ii) an oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) configuration which comprises an ODH unit and a water condensation unit, wherein an effluent coming from the ODH configuration, which effluent comprises unconverted ethane and ethylene, is fed to the steam cracker configuration at a position which is downstream of the steam cracker unit, and wherein unconverted oxygen, carbon monoxide and acetylene are removed from at least a portion of the stream coming from the ODH unit by oxidation of carbon monoxide and acetylene into carbon dioxide in an oxidation unit which is located at a position (a) which is downstream of the ODH unit, and (b) which is downstream of the steam cracker unit and upstream of the carbon dioxide removal unit of the steam cracker configuration.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 5/48 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by dehydrogenation with a hydrogen acceptor with oxygen as an acceptor
• C07C 7/148 - Purification, separation or stabilisation of hydrocarbons; Use of additives by treatment giving rise to a chemical modification of at least one compound
• C07C 11/04 - Ethene

Abstract

The invention relates to an additive composition comprising primary anti-oxidants and a secondary anti-oxidant, wherein the primary anti-oxidants are a phenyl phosphite and 3,3'-thiodipropionic acid dioctadecylester, and wherein the secondary anti-oxidant is epoxidized soybean oil. The invention additionally relates a bituminous composition comprising primary anti-oxidants and a secondary anti-oxidant, wherein the primary anti-oxidants are a phenyl phosphite and 3,3'-thiodipropionic acid dioctadecylester; and wherein the secondary anti-oxidant is epoxidized soybean oil. The invention also relates to an asphalt composition comprising the bituminous composition with resistance to short-term and long-term chemical ageing. The invention further relates to the use of an additive composition to reduce short-term and long-term chemical ageing of a bituminous composition.

IPC Classes  ?

• C08K 5/1515 - Three-membered rings
• C08K 5/372 - Sulfides
• C08K 5/526 - Esters of phosphorous acids, e.g. of H3PO3 with hydroxyaryl compounds

Abstract

The invention relates to an additive composition, wherein the additive composition comprises anti-oxidants and an asphaltene dispersant, wherein the anti-oxidants are tris (2,4-ditert butyl) phenyl phosphite and 3,3'- thiodipropionic acid dioctadecylester, and wherein the asphaltene dispersant is polyethylene glycol monoalkyl ether. The invention additionally relates to a bituminous composition comprising anti-oxidants and an asphaltene dispersant, wherein the anti-oxidants are tris (2,4-ditert butyl) phenyl phosphite and 3,3'-thiodipropionic acid dioctadecylester, and wherein the asphaltene dispersant is polyethylene glycol monoalkyl ether. The invention also relates to an asphalt composition comprising the bituminous composition with resistance to short-term and long-term chemical ageing. The invention further relates to the use of an additive composition to reduce short-term and long-term chemical ageing of the bituminous compositions.

IPC Classes  ?

• C08K 5/06 - Ethers; Acetals; Ketals; Ortho-esters
• C08K 5/372 - Sulfides
• C08K 5/526 - Esters of phosphorous acids, e.g. of H3PO3 with hydroxyaryl compounds

Abstract

A system and method for the automatic and continuous high-speed measurement of color and geometry characteristics of solid shaped particles. The system includes a shaped particle feeder that sorts and aligns singularized particles and feeds them onto a means for moving the singularized shaped particles to a color inspection station and a shape inspection station. The color inspection station provides for measuring the color of each singularized shaped particle and the shape inspection station provides for measuring the geometry characteristics of each singularized shaped particle. This information is analyzed by a master computer with the statistical information displayed.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01B 11/24 - Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures
• G06T 7/00 - Image analysis
• G06T 7/50 - Depth or shape recovery

Abstract

A gasoline fuel composition for a spark ignition internal combustion engine comprising (a) gasoline blending components, (b) renewable naphtha at a level of 10 to 30% v/v and (c) oxygenated hydrocarbon at a level of 20% v/v or less, wherein the gasoline blending components comprise (a) 0- 30 % v/v alkylate, (b) from 0 to 15% v/v isomerate; (c) 0 to 20% v/v catalytic cracked tops naphtha; and (d) 20% to 40 % v/v of heavy reformate, wherein the total amount of alkylate, isomerate, catalytic cracked tops naphtha and heavy reformate is at least 50% v/v based on the total fuel composition, and wherein the gasoline fuel composition meets the EN228 specification. While the low octane number of renewable naphtha would normally severely restrict its blendability in gasoline to low levels, it has now been found that renewable naphtha can be included in, for example, ethanol-containing gasoline fuel compositions, in surprisingly and significantly high blend ratios of renewable naphtha to ethanol.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10L 1/06 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons for spark ignition

Abstract

A method for production of liquefied natural gas includes the steps of: providing a natural gas stream; cooling the natural gas stream in indirect heat exchange with respect to a first refrigerant to produce a cooled gas stream having a first temperature; guiding the cooled gas stream to a first gas-liquid separator; in the first separator, separating the cooled gas stream in a first liquid stream and a first gaseous overhead stream; cooling the first gaseous overhead stream in indirect heat exchange with respect to the first refrigerant to produce a further cooled gas stream having a second temperature lower than the first temperature; guiding the further cooled gas stream to a second gas-liquid separator; in the second separator, separating the further cooled gas stream in a second liquid stream and a second gaseous overhead stream; and cooling the second gaseous overhead stream in indirect heat exchange with respect to a second refrigerant to produce liquefied natural gas.

IPC Classes  ?

• F25J 1/00 - Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
• F25J 1/02 - Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen

Abstract

222222 causes the downhole seal to swell.

IPC Classes  ?

• E21B 33/12 - Packers; Plugs

Abstract

Presented is a catalyst composition having exceptional properties for converting sulfur, sulfur compounds, and carbon monoxide contained in gas streams by catalyzed hydrolysis, hydrogenation and water-gas shift reactions. The catalyst comprises underbedded molybdenum and cobalt with an overlayer of molybdenum and cobalt. These metals are present in the catalyst within certain concentration ranges and relative weight ratios. The underbedded metals are present in the catalyst within a specified range relative to the overlayer and total metals. The underbedded metals are formed by co-mulling an inorganic oxide with the catalytically active metals of molybdenum and cobalt. The co-mulled mixture is calcined and then impregnated with overlaid molybdenum and cobalt.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 23/882 - Molybdenum and cobalt
• B01J 35/00 - Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
• B01J 35/02 - Solids
• B01J 37/02 - Impregnation, coating or precipitation
• B01J 37/00 - Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
• B01J 37/04 - Mixing
• C10G 45/00 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds

Abstract

The invention relates to a process for the production of ethylene by oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) of ethane, comprising: a) supplying ethane and oxygen to a first ODH zone which is formed by multiple reactor tubes containing a mixed metal oxide ODH catalyst bed; b) contacting the ethane and oxygen with the catalyst resulting in multiple effluent streams, wherein the multiple reactor tubes are cooled by a coolant; c) mixing at least a portion of the multiple effluent streams from step b) resulting in a mixture comprising ethylene, unconverted ethane and unconverted oxygen; d) supplying at least a portion of the mixture from step c) to a second ODH zone containing a mixed metal oxide ODH catalyst bed; e) contacting at least a portion of the mixture from step c) with the catalyst in the second ODH zone resulting in a stream comprising ethylene and unconverted ethane.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 5/48 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by dehydrogenation with a hydrogen acceptor with oxygen as an acceptor
• B01J 23/28 - Molybdenum
• C07C 11/04 - Ethene

Abstract

The present invention provides a method for estimating hydrocarbon saturation of a hydrocarbon-bearing rock from a measurement for an electrical property a resistivity log and a rock image. The image is segmented to represent either a pore space or solid material in the rock. An image porosity is estimated from the segmented image, and a corrected porosity is determined to account for the sub-resolution porosity missing in the image of the rock. A corrected saturationexponent of the rock is determined from the image porosity and the corrected porosity and is used to estimate the hydrocarbon saturation. A backpropagation-enabled trained model can be used to segment the image. A backpropagation-enabled method can be used to estimate the hydrocarbon saturation using an image selected from a series of 2D projection images, 3D reconstructed images and combinations thereof.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01V 3/08 - Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination or deviation operating with magnetic or electric fields produced or modified by objects or geological structures or by detecting devices
• G01V 11/00 - Prospecting or detecting by methods combining techniques covered by two or more of main groups
• G01N 15/08 - Investigating permeability, pore volume, or surface area of porous materials
• G01N 23/046 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups , or by transmitting the radiation through the material and forming images of the material using tomography, e.g. computed tomography [CT]
• G01N 33/24 - Earth materials
• G06T 7/00 - Image analysis

Abstract

The invention relates to a process for the production of ethylene by oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) of ethane, comprising: a) supplying ethane and oxygen to a first ODH zone which is formed by multiple reactor tubes containing a mixed metal oxide ODH catalyst bed; b) contacting the ethane and oxygen with the catalyst resulting in multiple effluent streams, wherein the multiple reactor tubes are cooled by a coolant; c) mixing at least a portion of the multiple effluent streams from step b) resulting in a mixture comprising ethylene, unconverted ethane, unconverted oxygen, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and acetylene; d) supplying at least a portion of the mixture from step c) to a second ODH zone containing a mixed metal oxide ODH catalyst bed; e) contacting at least a portion of the mixture from step c) with the catalyst in the second ODH zone resulting in a stream comprising ethylene, unconverted ethane, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and acetylene; f) separating carbon monoxide from at least a portion of the stream resulting from step e); g) acetylene hydrogenation of the remaining stream resulting in a stream comprising ethylene and unconverted ethane.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 23/00 - Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group
• B01J 23/28 - Molybdenum
• C07C 5/48 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by dehydrogenation with a hydrogen acceptor with oxygen as an acceptor
• C07F 3/02 - Magnesium compounds

Abstract

4423444.

IPC Classes  ?

• F01N 3/10 - Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
• F01N 13/00 - Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features
• B01D 53/94 - Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
• B01J 20/04 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals or magnesium
• B01J 20/08 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising oxides or hydroxides of metals not provided for in group comprising bauxite
• B01J 35/10 - Solids characterised by their surface properties or porosity

Abstract

A method for predicting an occurrence of a geological feature in a borehole image log using a backpropagation-enabled process trained by inputting a set of training images (12) of a borehole image log, iteratively computing a prediction of the probability of occurrence of the geological feature for the set of training images and adjusting the parameters in the backpropagation-enabled model until the model is trained. The trained backpropagation-enabled model is used to predict the occurrence of the geological features in non-training borehole image logs. The set of training images may include non- geological features and/or simulated data, including augmented images (22) and synthetic images (24).

IPC Classes  ?

• G01V 99/00 - Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass

Abstract

A method for predicting an occurrence of a structural feature in a core image using a backpropagation-enabled process trained by inputting a set of training images of a core image, iteratively computing a prediction of the probability of occurrence of the structural feature for the set of training images and adjusting the parameters in the backpropagation-enabled model until the model is trained. The trained backpropagation-enabled model is used to predict the occurrence of the structural features in non-training core images. The set of training images may include non-structural features and/or simulated data, including augmented images and synthetic images.

IPC Classes  ?

• G06T 7/00 - Image analysis
• G06T 7/11 - Region-based segmentation

Abstract

233 ratio of at least 25, preferably from 50 to 180 and a group VIII metal to obtain a mixture comprising one or more middle distillate fractions and a first residual fraction and a naphtha fraction; (b) separating the mixture as obtained in step (a) by means of atmospheric distillation into one or more middle distillate fractions, a first residual fraction and a naphtha fraction;(c) separating the first residual fraction by means of vacuum distillation into at least a distillate base oil fraction and a second residual fraction.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 2/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon
• C10G 45/64 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to change the structural skeleton of some of the hydrocarbon content without cracking the other hydrocarbons present, e.g. lowering pour point; Selective hydrocracking of normal paraffins characterised by the catalyst used containing crystalline alumino-silicates, e.g. molecular sieves
• C10G 45/62 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to change the structural skeleton of some of the hydrocarbon content without cracking the other hydrocarbons present, e.g. lowering pour point; Selective hydrocracking of normal paraffins characterised by the catalyst used containing platinum group metals or compounds thereof
• C10L 1/00 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels
• C10M 171/02 - Specified values of viscosity or viscosity index
• C10L 1/08 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons for compression ignition
• C10L 1/02 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for the production of hydrogen. Hydrogen is used in many different chemical and industrial processes. Hydrogen is also an important fuel for future transportation and other uses as it does not generate any carbon dioxide emissions when used. The invention provides for a process for producing hydrogen comprising the steps of partially oxidizing a hydrocarbon to obtain a synthesis gas, providing the synthesis gas to a reactor in which carbon monoxide is converted to carbon dioxide, removing the carbon dioxide to obtain hydrogen. The carbon dioxide is used in a chemical process and/or stored in a geological reservoir.

IPC Classes  ?

• C01B 3/36 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using oxygen or mixtures containing oxygen as gasifying agents
• C01B 3/48 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents followed by reaction of water vapour with carbon monoxide
• C01B 3/52 - Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification by contacting with liquids; Regeneration of used liquids
• B01D 53/14 - Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by absorption
• C01B 32/50 - Carbon dioxide
• B01D 53/047 - Pressure swing adsorption

Abstract

The present invention relates to a process for converting carbon dioxide and hydrogen by performing a reverse water gas shift reaction at elevated temperature, the process comprising introducing carbon dioxide, hydrogen and oxygen into a reaction vessel having an inlet and an outlet, and, wherein the reverse water gas shift reaction takes place in two different zones of the reaction vessel, being a top zone (z1) adjacent to a bottom zone (z2), wherein (a) no catalyst is present in the top zone (z1) of the reaction vessel, and (b) at least a gas stream comprising carbon dioxide, a hydrogen rich gas stream and an oxygen rich gas stream are introduced into the inlet at the top zone (z1) of the reaction vessel in separate feed streams, wherein the hydrogen rich gas stream is introduced into the reaction vessel at a temperature between 15 and 450°C, (c) the hydrogen rich gas stream and oxygen rich gas stream being introduced in close vicinity of each other, wherein at least the hydrogen rich gas stream and the oxygen rich gas stream are introduced into the reaction vessel via a burner comprising coaxial channels for the separate introduction of the different gas streams, the burner being located at the top of the reaction vessel,wherein the hydrogen and oxygen in the hydrogen rich gas stream and oxygen rich gas stream undergo a combustion reaction upon entering the reaction vessel, thereby providing the heating energy required for the reverse water-gas shift reaction; and(d) the temperature in the top zone (z1) of the reaction vessel is maintained in the range of 700 to 1200°C by varying the flow of any of the gas streams which are introduced into the reaction vessel; and (e) the bottom zone (z2) of the reaction vessel is provided with a catalyst bed comprising a reverse water gas shift catalyst, the top of the catalyst bed being placed at a distance from the burner in the top zone (z1) sufficient to prevent damage from flame impingement on the catalyst bed; (f) wherein in the bottom zone (z2) of the reaction vessel a catalytic reverse water gas shift reaction takes place at elevated temperatures, thereby converting unconverted carbon dioxide and hydrogen;to produce a product stream comprising mainly carbon monoxide, hydrogen and water. The process is useful in reducing the carbon footprint of certain industrial technologies, and in addition, the process is useful in the production of synthesis gas.

IPC Classes  ?

• C01B 3/16 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen, e.g. water, acids, bases, ammonia, with inorganic reducing agents by reaction of water vapour with carbon monoxide using catalysts
• C10K 3/02 - Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide by catalytic treatment

Abstract

The present invention relates to a process for converting feed streams selected from • (1) a gas stream comprising carbon dioxide and a hydrogen rich gas stream; • (2) a methane rich gas stream; and • (3) a combination of feed streams (1) and (2) into a product stream comprising carbon monoxide, water and hydrogen, the process comprising introducing feed streams selected from (1), (2) or (3) and oxygen into a reaction vessel, wherein the process comprises in switching mode performing a reverse water gas shift reaction introducing feed stream (1) and oxygen (method I) or a partial oxidation reaction introducing feed stream (2) and oxygen (method II) in the reaction vessel wherein no catalyst is present. The reaction vessel is provided with a burner located at the top of the reaction vessel, the burner comprising coaxial channels for the separate introduction of the different gas streams. During the switching mode from method I to method II or vice verse, the feed streams are gradually changed to the relevant feed streams, so that feed stream (3) is present in an intermediate phase, while also changing the temperature of the reactor to the desired temperature for the relevant method.

IPC Classes  ?

• C01B 3/36 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using oxygen or mixtures containing oxygen as gasifying agents
• C10K 3/02 - Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide by catalytic treatment
• C01B 3/12 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen, e.g. water, acids, bases, ammonia, with inorganic reducing agents by reaction of water vapour with carbon monoxide

Abstract

A device for filtering and settling entrained particles from a gas feed stream, the device comprising a cylindrical v-wire filter element to filter the entrained particles, a cap located above the v-wire filter element comprising an outer surface, an under surface, and a downward rim attached to a perimeter of the under surface, and an open annulus area located between and in fluid communication with an open top portion of the v-wire filter element and the under surface of the cap.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01D 46/00 - Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
• B01D 46/10 - Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using filter plates, sheets or pads having plane surfaces
• B01D 46/24 - Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using rigid hollow filter bodies

Abstract

The present invention provides a process for separating unsaturated hydrocarbons from a mixture of saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons, which process comprises the steps of (a) contacting the mixture with a solvent;(b) allowing to form two phases in equilibrium, a first phase comprising solvent and unsaturated hydrocarbons and a second phase comprising the remainder of the mixture; (c) removing the phases separately; and (d) removing from at least one of the phases the hydrocarbons to obtain at least one product stream and regenerated solvent for use in step (a),wherein the solvent comprises dihydrolevoglucosenone or a derivative of dihydrolevoglucosenone.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01D 3/40 - Extractive distillation

Abstract

The present invention provides a method for estimating fluid saturation of a hydrocarbon-bearing rock from a rock image. The image is segmented to represent either a pore space or solid material in the rock. An image pore volume is estimated from the segmented image, and a corrected pore volume is determined to account for the sub-resolution pore volume missing in the image of the rock. An image-derived wetting fluid saturation of the rock is estimated using a direct flow simulation on the rock image and corrected for the corrected pore volume. A backpropagation-enabled trained model can be used to segment the image. A backpropagation-enabled method can be used to estimate the fluid saturation using an image selected from a series of 2D projection images, 3D reconstructed images and combinations thereof.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01N 23/046 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups , or by transmitting the radiation through the material and forming images of the material using tomography, e.g. computed tomography [CT]
• G01N 15/08 - Investigating permeability, pore volume, or surface area of porous materials
• G01N 33/24 - Earth materials
• G06T 7/00 - Image analysis

Abstract

A backpropagation enabled model is trained for estimating time-lapse property changes of a subsurface volume. Synthetic models of the subsurface volume are generated, with pre-determined property changes before and after a time lapse. These models are used to compute baseline-monitor pairs of synthetic seismic traces before and after the time lapse, wherein the baseline synthetic traces are computed from the synthetic model before the time lapse and the monitor synthetic traces are computed from the synthetic model after the time lapse. A ground truth 4D attribute characterizing the time-lapse property changes in the synthetic models is defined, and a backpropagation enabled model is trained by feeding the baseline-monitor pairs of synthetic seismic traces and the corresponding ground truth 4D attribute. The thus obtained trained backpropagation enabled model can be used to estimate time-lapse property changes of the actual subsurface Earth volume from actual baseline-monitor pairs of seismic traces.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01V 1/30 - Analysis
• G01V 1/28 - Processing seismic data, e.g. analysis, for interpretation, for correction

Abstract

A method for operating an adsorption-based system for removing water and potentially other components from a feed stream. The system includes at least two dehydration units each comprising an adsorption bed. The method includes the steps of: i) obtaining process data from one or more sensors at a predetermined time resolution, the sensors at least comprising at least one moisture sensor at a specified location in each of the dehydration units; ii) dehydrating the feed stream by operating the adsorption-based system in regenerative mode, wherein at least one active unit of the at least two dehydration units is in an adsorption cycle, and wherein at least another one of the at least two dehydration units is being regenerated; iii) estimating an adsorption bed water adsorption capacity during every adsorption cycle; and iv) using the process data to update the estimated adsorption bed water adsorption capacity.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01D 53/04 - Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases or aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
• C10L 3/10 - Working-up natural gas or synthetic natural gas
• G05B 19/414 - Structure of the control system, e.g. common controller or multiprocessor systems, interface to servo, programmable interface controller

Abstract

The present invention provides a thermal management system comprising: a housing having an interior space; a heat-generating component disposed within the interior space; a heat exchanger; and a working fluid liquid disposed within the interior space such that the heat-generating component is in contact with the working fluid; wherein the working fluid comprises a Fischer-Tropsch derived base fluid; an antioxidant additive and an anti- static additive, wherein the thermal management system is constructed such that a constant cyclical flow of working fluid is maintained across the one or more heat-generating components, on to the heat exchanger and then back to the heat-generating component. The present invention also provides a method of thermal management of a heat-generating component comprising the steps of at least partially immersing a heat-generating component in a working fluid; and transferring the heat from the heat-generating component using the working fluid in a constant cyclical flow of working fluid across the one or more heat-generating components, on to a heat exchanger and then back to the heat-generating component, wherein the working fluid comprises a Fischer-Tropsch derived base fluid; an antioxidant additive; and an antistatic additive. The present invention also provides the use of a Fischer-Tropsch derived base fluid in a working fluid in contact with a heat-generating component in a thermal management system to improve anti-aging properties of the working fluid, wherein the working fluid also comprises an antioxidant additive and an anti-static additive.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10M 169/04 - Mixtures of base-materials and additives
• B60H 1/00 - Heating, cooling or ventilating devices
• B60K 11/02 - Arrangement in connection with cooling of propulsion units with liquid cooling
• C09K 5/10 - Liquid materials
• H01M 10/613 - Cooling or keeping cold
• H01M 10/6567 - Liquids
• H05K 7/20 - Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating
• B60K 1/00 - Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
• C10N 20/00 - Specified physical properties of component of lubricating compositions
• C10N 20/02 - Viscosity; Viscosity index
• C10N 30/10 - Inhibition of oxidation, e.g. anti-oxidants
• C10N 30/20 - Colour, e.g. dyes
• C10N 40/16 - Electric or magnetic purposes dielectric; Insulating oil
• C10N 40/25 - Internal-combustion engines

Abstract

3412344 each indicate an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom, where these may either be mutually identical or mutually different.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10M 173/00 - Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water
• C10N 30/02 - Pour-point; Viscosity index
• C10N 30/06 - Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
• C10N 40/08 - Hydraulic fluids, e.g. brake-fluids

Abstract

1233 is a hydrocarbon group having 2 or more carbon atoms.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10M 173/02 - Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water not containing mineral or fatty oils
• C10N 30/12 - Inhibition of corrosion, e.g. anti-rust agents, anti-corrosives
• C10N 40/08 - Hydraulic fluids, e.g. brake-fluids

Abstract

The present invention provides use of a Fischer- Tropsch derived working fluid with a kinematic viscosity at 100°C of at most 5 mm2/second in a thermal management system for a lithium-ion battery in order to rapidly disperse heat produced during a thermal runaway event.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10M 169/04 - Mixtures of base-materials and additives
• B60K 11/02 - Arrangement in connection with cooling of propulsion units with liquid cooling
• C09K 5/10 - Liquid materials
• H05K 7/20 - Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating
• B60H 1/00 - Heating, cooling or ventilating devices
• H01M 10/613 - Cooling or keeping cold
• H01M 10/6567 - Liquids
• C10N 20/00 - Specified physical properties of component of lubricating compositions
• C10N 20/02 - Viscosity; Viscosity index
• C10N 30/10 - Inhibition of oxidation, e.g. anti-oxidants
• C10N 30/20 - Colour, e.g. dyes
• C10N 40/16 - Electric or magnetic purposes dielectric; Insulating oil
• C10N 40/25 - Internal-combustion engines

Abstract

The present invention provides a water-glycol hydraulic fluid comprising 0.3-0.6% by mass in total of fatty acid sodium salt and/or fatty acid, and 0.3-0.6% by mass of dimerized fatty acid. The water-glycol hydraulic fluid also comprises 20-60% by mass water, 20-60% by mass glycol, 0.01-0.06% by mass alkali hydroxide compound selected from potassium hydroxide and/or sodium hydroxide, and 1.0-5.0% by mass alkanolamine.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10M 173/02 - Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water not containing mineral or fatty oils
• C10N 30/06 - Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
• C10N 40/08 - Hydraulic fluids, e.g. brake-fluids

Abstract

A method for predicting an occurrence of a geological feature in a geologic core image uses a backpropagation-enabled segmentation process trained by inputting multiple training geologic core images and a set of associated labels of geological features, iteratively computing a prediction of the probability of occurrence of the geological feature for the training images and adjusting the parameters in the backpropagation-enabled segmentation model until the model is trained. The trained backpropagation-enabled segmentation model is used to predict the occurrence of the geological features in non-training geologic core images. Geological features to be predicted with this method include structural features (such as veins, fractures, bedding contacts, etc.), and stratigraphic features (such as lithologic types, sedimentary structures, sedimentary facies, etc.).

IPC Classes  ?

• G06K 9/62 - Methods or arrangements for recognition using electronic means

Abstract

The present invention provides a method of preparing a supported catalyst, preferably a hydrocracking catalyst, the method at least comprising the steps of: a) providing a zeolite Y having a bulk silica to alumina ratio (SAR) of at least 10; b) mixing the zeolite Y provided in step a) with a base, water and a surfactant, thereby obtaining a slurry of the zeolite Y; c) reducing the water content of the slurry obtained in step b) thereby obtaining solids with reduced water content, wherein the reducing of the water content in step c) involves the addition of a binder; d) shaping the solids with reduced water content obtained in step c) thereby obtaining a shaped catalyst carrier; e) calcining the shaped catalyst carrier obtained in step d) at a temperature above 300°C in the presence of the surfactant of step b), thereby obtaining a calcined catalyst carrier; f) impregnating the catalyst carrier calcined in step e) with a hydrogenation component thereby obtaining a supported catalyst; wherein no heat treatment at a temperature of above 500°C takes place between the mixing of step b) and the shaping of step d).

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 29/08 - Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the faujasite type, e.g. type X or Y
• B01J 29/16 - Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the faujasite type, e.g. type X or Y containing arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
• B01J 37/00 - Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
• B01J 37/08 - Heat treatment
• B01J 35/10 - Solids characterised by their surface properties or porosity
• C10G 47/20 - Crystalline alumino-silicate carriers the catalyst containing other metals or compounds thereof
• B01J 35/00 - Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
• B01J 37/02 - Impregnation, coating or precipitation
• B01J 35/02 - Solids
• B01J 37/20 - Sulfiding

Abstract

A permeable subsurface earth formation is treated with a resin. Pores within the permeable formation contain formation fluid. An uncured resin is injected into these pores, thereby displacing part but not all of the formation fluid present in said pores. The resin is cured in the pores by allowing a chemical reaction between the resin and remaining formation fluid present in said pores.

IPC Classes  ?

• E21B 43/02 - Subsoil filtering
• C09K 8/56 - Compositions for consolidating loose sand or the like around wells without excessively decreasing the permeability thereof
• C09K 8/575 - Compositions based on water or polar solvents containing organic compounds