Abstract

An isolation joint is provided with a downhole tubular that has an expandable section which, in axial direction, is sandwiched between a first separator section and a second separator section of the downhole tubular. The expandable section has a circumferential band of increased wall thickness compared to the wall thicknesses of the first and second separator sections. Furthermore, the downhole tubular is provided with a mating support at a predetermined axial location relative to said at least expandable section, adapted for mating with the local expander device within said downhole tubular. This mating support ensures transversal alignment with of a local expander device with the downhole tubular such that the local expansion exclusively is activated within the expandable section.

IPC Classes  ?

• E21B 43/10 - Setting of casings, screens or liners in wells
• E21B 23/04 - Apparatus for displacing, setting, locking, releasing or removing tools, packers or the like in boreholes or wells operated by fluid means, e.g. actuated by explosion
• E21B 33/12 - Packers; Plugs
• E21B 23/03 - Apparatus for displacing, setting, locking, releasing or removing tools, packers or the like in boreholes or wells for setting the tools into, or removing the tools from, laterally offset landing nipples or pockets

Abstract

A facility for the production of liquefied natural gas comprising a liquefaction train. The train comprises a plurality of modules to perform the process steps associated with liquefied natural gas production. The train further comprises a primary cooling loop to cool at least a process stream from each module and a first and a second mixed refrigerants against a first coolant comprising clean water. The primary cooling loop is a closed clean water loop, and the cooling is against an ambient temperature. The train further comprises a first plurality of heat exchangers through which the primary cooling loop extends. The cooling is via heat exchange in at least the first plurality of heat exchangers with respect to the first coolant. More than 50% of the first plurality of heat exchangers are printed circuit heat exchangers, which are adapted to provide at least 80% of the cooling against the ambient temperature.

IPC Classes  ?

• F25J 1/02 - Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen
• F25J 1/00 - Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures

Abstract

The invention relates to a process for the production of ethylene in an integrated configuration comprising (i) a steam cracker configuration which comprises a steam cracker unit, a water condensation unit and a carbon dioxide removal unit and (ii) an oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) configuration which comprises an ODH unit and a water condensation unit, wherein an effluent coming from the ODH configuration, which effluent comprises unconverted ethane and ethylene, is fed to the steam cracker configuration at a position which is downstream of the steam cracker unit, and wherein unconverted oxygen, carbon monoxide and acetylene are removed from at least a portion of the stream coming from the ODH unit by oxidation of carbon monoxide and acetylene into carbon dioxide in an oxidation unit which is located at a position (a) which is downstream of the ODH unit, and (b) which is downstream of the steam cracker unit and upstream of the carbon dioxide removal unit of the steam cracker configuration.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 4/02 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a larger number of carbon atoms by cracking a single hydrocarbon or a mixture of individually defined hydrocarbons or a normally gaseous hydrocarbon fraction
• B01D 53/26 - Drying gases or vapours
• B01D 53/62 - Carbon oxides
• B01D 53/78 - Liquid phase processes with gas-liquid contact

Abstract

A process for hydroprocessing a renewable feedstock involves introducing the renewable feedstock and hydrogen in a downward flow into a top portion of a fixed-bed reactor and distributing the downward flow to a top surface of a first catalyst bed in a manner such that the top surface is uniformly wetted across the reactor cross section. The feedstock then flows downwardly through the first catalyst bed, where it is reacted under hydroprocessing conditions sufficient to cause a reaction selected from the group consisting of hydrogenation, hydrodeoxygenation, hydrodenitrogenation, hydrodesulphurization, hydrodemetallization, hydrocracking, hydroisomerization, and combinations thereof. A hydrocarbon liquid separated from the reaction effluent is recycled to the renewable feedstock in a ratio of 0.4:1 to 1.8:1, based on the volume of the renewable feedstock.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 45/08 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing characterised by the catalyst used containing nickel or cobalt metal, or compounds thereof in combination with chromium, molybdenum, or tungsten metals, or compounds thereof
• B01J 8/04 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds

Abstract

An isomerization catalyst composition includes an alumina based catalyst, wherein the alumina based catalyst has a pore volume in pores of less than 70Å pore diameter of less than about 5% of Total Pore Volume, a pore volume in pores of greater than 350Å pore diameter of less than 10% of Total Pore Volume, a median pore diameter by volume of less than 200 Å, a water pore volume of less than 1.2 cc/g and a surface area of greater than 130 m2/g. The isomerization catalyst composition may include Group I cations, Group II cations and mixtures thereof.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 35/10 - Solids characterised by their surface properties or porosity
• B01J 37/00 - Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
• B01J 23/02 - Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group of the alkali- or alkaline earth metals or beryllium
• B01J 20/00 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
• C07C 5/22 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by isomerisation
• B01J 21/04 - Alumina
• B01J 23/04 - Alkali metals
• B01J 23/92 - Regeneration or reactivation of catalysts comprising metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups
• B01J 37/02 - Impregnation, coating or precipitation

Abstract

For use in a disproportionation reactor, a composition being an alumina based catalyst having less than about 12 wt% of a Group VI metal and from about 0 to about 10 wt % of a Group 14 metal. In some embodiments, the composition has the following characteristics: a pore volume in pores of greater than 350Å pore diameter of less than 10% of Total Pore Volume; a median pore diameter by volume ranging from about 55 to about 95 Å; a water pore volume ranging from about 0.5 to about 1.0 cc/g; a surface area of greater than 200 m2/g. In some embodiments, the Group 14 metal is silicon. In some embodiments, the amount of silicon ranges from about 1.0 to about 5.0 wt%. In some embodiments, the Group 6 metal is molybdenum. In some embodiments, the amount of molybdenum ranges from about 2 to about 10 wt%.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 21/04 - Alumina
• B01J 21/12 - Silica and alumina
• B01J 23/28 - Molybdenum
• B01J 35/10 - Solids characterised by their surface properties or porosity
• C07C 6/04 - Metathesis reactions at an unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bond at a carbon-to-carbon double bond

Abstract

Prior to reaction in an isomerization unit, the feed may be purified by contact with a composition comprising an alumina based catalyst including Group I or Group II cations or combinations thereof in a range from about 0 wt% to about 20 wt% Group I or Group II cations. In some embodiments, the alumina based catalyst has one or more of the following properties: pore volume in pores of less than 70Å pore diameter of less than about 15% of Total Pore Volume; a pore volume in pores of greater than 350Å pore diameter of less than 10% of Total Pore Volume; a median pore diameter by volume of less than 120 Å; a water pore volume of less than 1.10 cc/g; and a surface area of greater than 160 m2/g.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 20/00 - Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
• B01J 23/02 - Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group of the alkali- or alkaline earth metals or beryllium
• B01J 35/10 - Solids characterised by their surface properties or porosity
• B01J 37/00 - Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
• C07C 5/22 - Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by isomerisation

Abstract

Embodiments described herein provide a method for cleaning a reactor during the oligomerization of ethylene to one or more linear alpha-olefins. The method includes: a) reacting ethylene to produce one or more linear alpha-olefins via oligomerization by contacting ethylene in a liquid solvent phase comprising a solution of an oligomerization catalyst at a temperature in the range from about 25° to 150°C until a heat transfer coefficient of the reactor intercoolers is in the range of from about 100 to about 160 BTU/hr/ft2/°F and/or until a pressure drop across the reactor intercoolers increases by about 25%; b) reducing the flowrate of the oligomerization catalyst solution; c) increasing the temperature of the reaction to a range from about 125 to 145°C to place a polymer product produced in step a) into a phase comprising one or more linear alpha-olefins; d) returning the reactor to the conditions of step a).

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 2/36 - Catalytic processes with hydrides or organic compounds as phosphines, arsines, stilbines or bismuthines
• C07C 11/02 - Alkenes
• C07C 2/34 - Metal-hydrocarbon complexes
• C08F 210/16 - Copolymers of ethene with alpha-alkenes, e.g. EP rubbers

Abstract

A process for reducing injector deposits in an internal combustion engine fuelled with a fuel composition, the process comprising contacting a fuel composition with a metal-selective membrane situated in the fuel delivery system. The reduction of such deposits provides an increase in fuel efficiency, fuel thermal stability, boost in engine cleanliness, improves fuel economy and enables the possibility of using a reduced amount of expensive detergent in the fuel composition.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01D 71/70 - Polymers having silicon in the main chain, with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon only
• F02M 37/00 - Apparatus or systems for feeding liquid fuel from storage containers to carburettors or fuel-injection apparatus; Arrangements for purifying liquid fuel specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
• F02M 37/32 - Arrangements for purifying liquid fuel specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines, e.g. arrangements in the feeding system characterised by filters or filter arrangements
• B01D 61/02 - Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration
• C10G 31/09 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by methods not otherwise provided for by filtration
• C10G 31/11 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by methods not otherwise provided for by dialysis
• B01D 71/32 - Polyalkenyl halides containing fluorine atoms

Abstract

The present invention provides a process for the removal of contaminants from contaminated crude oil in a vessel. An organic solvent stream is provided to the vessel containing crude oil. After mixing, an organic solvent bottom phase is allowed to form. The bottom phase comprises at least a portion of the organic solvent stream and at least a portion of the contaminants. The bottom phase is removed from the vessel, while the remaining crude oil is retained in the vessel. An aqueous stream is provided to the vessel and mixed with the remaining crude oil, allowing an aqueous bottom phase to form. The aqueous bottom phase is removed from the vessel, while the remaining crude oil is retained in the vessel.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 21/27 - Organic compounds not provided for in a single one of groups
• C10G 21/28 - Recovery of used solvent
• C10G 53/06 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by two or more refining processes plural serial stages only including at least one extraction step including only extraction steps, e.g. deasphalting by solvent treatment followed by extraction of aromatics

Abstract

Use of a gasoline fuel composition for reducing the occurrence of Low Speed Pre-Ignition (LSPI) in a spark-ignition internal combustion engine, wherein the gasoline fuel composition comprises a gasoline base fuel and has a PM Index of 1.4 or less.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10L 1/06 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons for spark ignition
• C10M 169/04 - Mixtures of base-materials and additives
• C10M 135/18 - Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof having a carbon-to-sulfur double bond thiocarbamic type, e.g. containing the groups

Abstract

A lithium-ion battery to be tested is put into a temperature chamber at a first temperature value and subjected to pulsed heating until the pulsed heating time reaches the preset pulse duration. The chamber temperature is adjusted to a second value and a capacity degradation value of the battery is obtained, so as to obtain durability of the battery. Before testing of the capacity degradation value of the battery, continuous pulsed heating is conducted. After the battery is heated for a period of time, the temperature elevation and heat dissipation of the battery will reach stable values and the temperature will no longer rise. Such pulsed heating does not require a long period of standing at low temperature. Therefore, a large amount of test time can be saved, the test period shortened, and the influence of battery temperature on battery durability can be verified through a large number of experiments.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01R 31/392 - Determining battery ageing or deterioration, e.g. state of health
• G01R 31/367 - Software therefor, e.g. for battery testing using modelling or look-up tables

Abstract

A reactor and a process for fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) a hydrocarbon feed in the riser-reactor, the process including injecting the hydrocarbon feed into an evaporation zone of the riser-reactor, injecting a first catalyst into the evaporation zone, wherein the first catalyst mixes with the hydrocarbon feed to generate a hydrocarbons stream in the evaporation zone, and wherein the temperature in the evaporation zone is less than 625° C., and passing the hydrocarbons stream from the evaporation zone into a cracking zone of the riser-reactor to generate a cracked product in the cracking zone.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 11/18 - Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils with preheated moving solid catalysts according to the "fluidised bed" technique
• B01J 8/00 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
• B01J 8/32 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles according to "fluidised-bed" technique with introduction into the fluidised bed of more than one kind of moving particles
• B01J 8/38 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles according to "fluidised-bed" technique with fluidised bed containing a rotatable device or being subject to rotation

Abstract

A fuel composition wherein the fuel composition comprises (a) a major amount of liquefied methane based gas in cryogenic state having a temperature in the range from −182° C. to −100° C. and, preferably, a pressure in the range of 1 bar to 15 bar, and (b) a minor amount of an 5 ignition improving additive, wherein the ignition improving additive has a melting point of less than −105° C., a boiling point of less than 60° C. and an autoignition temperature of lower than 480° C. and wherein the ignition improving additive is selected from alkanes, alkenes, alcohols, ethers, alkynes, aldehydes, ketones, amides, nitroalkanes, nitrosoalkanes, nitrates, nitrites, cycloalkanes, cycloalkenes, dienes, peroxides, triatomic oxygen, trimethylamine, ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, and mixtures thereof.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10L 1/185 - Ethers; Acetals; Ketals; Aldehydes; Ketones
• C10L 3/06 - Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by , or
• C10L 10/00 - Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
• C10L 1/02 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only

Abstract

Implementations of the disclosed subject matter provide a process for upgrading refinery residue feedstock. Step a) may include introducing the refinery residue feedstock into a fluidized bed reactor as a solid. In step b), the refinery residue feedstock may be heated to a devolatilizing and thermal cracking temperature in the fluidized bed reactor to produce a product stream comprising gaseous hydrocarbons and solid coke. The gaseous hydrocarbons may be subjected to catalytic hydroprocessing, in step c), in the presence of molecular hydrogen to increase the hydrogen to carbon ratio and lower the average molecular weight of the gaseous hydrocarbons. In step d), the gaseous hydrocarbons may be separated from the solid coke. In step e), the gaseous hydrocarbons from step d) may be subjected to further processing to produce at least one of: C1-C3 hydrocarbons, liquefied petroleum gas, naphtha range hydrocarbons, and middle distillate range hydrocarbons.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 69/06 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one other conversion process plural serial stages only including at least one step of thermal cracking in the absence of hydrogen
• C10B 57/04 - Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general using charges of special composition
• C10B 55/00 - Coking mineral oils, bitumen, tar or the like, or mixtures thereof, with solid carbonaceous materials
• C10B 57/18 - Modifying the properties of the distillation gases in the oven
• C10B 49/10 - Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with hot gases or vapours, e.g. hot gases obtained by partial combustion of the charge while moving the solid material to be treated in dispersed form according to the "fluidised bed" technique
• C10B 49/22 - Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with moving solid heat-carriers in divided form in dispersed form according to the "fluidised bed" technique

Abstract

The invention relates to a process for producing ethylene carbonate and/or ethylene glycol, which comprises the following steps: a) supplying an overhead absorber stream withdrawn from an absorber to a vapor-liquid separator to yield an aqueous bottoms stream and a recycle gas stream; b) supplying an aqueous process stream comprising one or more impurities to a distillation apparatus to yield an overhead impurities stream and a purified aqueous process stream, wherein the aqueous process stream supplied to the distillation apparatus comprises at least a portion of the aqueous bottoms stream withdrawn from the vapor-liquid separator, wherein the overhead impurities stream is supplied to a condenser and is cooled to a temperature in the range of from 5 to 95° C., wherein the cooled overhead impurities stream is split into a reflux stream which is recycled to the distillation apparatus and an overhead impurities stream; and further steps c) and d).

IPC Classes  ?

• C07D 317/38 - Ethylene carbonate
• C07C 29/10 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by hydrolysis of ethers, including cyclic ethers, e.g. oxiranes
• C07C 29/80 - Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives by physical treatment by distillation
• C07C 29/76 - Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives by physical treatment
• B01D 3/14 - Fractional distillation

Abstract

A process for preparing glycols from a lignocellulosic solid biomass involves contacting the biomass with an organic solvent comprising a low boiling point alcohol and a pre-treatment acid at a temperature in a range from 80 to 220° C. and a pressure in a range from 1 to 50 bara. The resulting mixture, having less than wt. % water, is separated into a pre-treated solid residue comprising cellulose and a liquid stream comprising dissolved lignin. The pre-treated solid residue is subjected to a hydrogenolysis reaction. generating a glycols stream, a lights stream, comprising a first portion of organic solvent, and a heavies stream. At least part of the liquid stream is separated to produce a second portion of organic solvent and a lignin stream. At least part of the first and second portions of organic solvent is recycled to the contacting step.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 29/60 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by elimination of hydroxy groups, e.g. by dehydration

Abstract

The present disclosure provides a heat exchanger system and a method of using the heat exchanger system for heating, cooling or condensing a gaseous multiple component process stream comprising at least one hydrocarbon. The heat exchanger system comprises: —a shell having at least one first inlet and at least one first outlet defining a flow path for a first process fluid, and at least one second inlet and at least one second outlet defining a flow path for a second process fluid; —a number of parallel tubes arranged in the shell between the first inlet and the first outlet, each tube having an outer surface being provided with a multitude of plate fins extending radially outward from the outer surface; the first flow path extending along the outer surface of the tubes, and the second flow path extending through the tubes. The multiple component process stream may comprise two or more components selected from the group of methane, ethane, propane, and nitrogen. The heat exchanger may be used to cool or condense a mixed refrigerant, comprising one or more hydrocarbons, in a process for the liquefaction of natural gas.

IPC Classes  ?

• F25J 1/00 - Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
• F25J 1/02 - Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen
• F28D 7/16 - Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation
• F28F 1/24 - Tubular elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending transversely
• F28D 21/00 - Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups

Abstract

The present application relates to a method for estimating the temperature rise rate of a battery under pulsed heating. An equivalent circuit model of the battery is established to obtain the effective entropy potential of the battery and the relationship between the open circuit voltage and the pulsed heating current of the battery. A heat generation model is established according to the effective entropy potential and the relationship between the open circuit voltage and the pulsed heating current. Using the heat generation model and the heat transfer power, an energy formulation in the process of pulsed heating is obtained, to obtain the temperature rise rate of the battery under pulsed heating. The models are used to obtain the relationship between the temperature rise rate under pulsed heating and the pulsed heating current, providing a convenient and comprehensive estimation method for determining the heating effect of pulsed heating in practical applications.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01R 31/367 - Software therefor, e.g. for battery testing using modelling or look-up tables
• H01M 10/48 - Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
• H01M 10/615 - Heating or keeping warm
• H01M 10/633 - Control systems - characterised by algorithms, flow charts, software details or the like
• H01M 10/637 - Control systems characterised by control of the internal current flowing through the cells, e.g. by switching
• H01M 10/44 - Methods for charging or discharging
• H02J 7/00 - Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries

Abstract

The present invention provides a packaged binder unit comprising a binder core retained within a sealable laminated bilayer, wherein the sealable laminated bilayer comprises a bi-axially oriented polymer layer and a non-bi-axially oriented polymer layer, and wherein the binder core comprises a bituminous binder or a synthetic binder. The present invention provides a packaged binder unit comprising a binder core retained within a sealable laminated bilayer, wherein the sealable laminated bilayer comprises a bi-axially oriented polymer layer and a non-bi-axially oriented polymer layer, and wherein the binder core comprises a bituminous binder or a synthetic binder. The present invention further provides a process for manufacturing an asphalt composition comprising the step of mixing the binder unit according to the present invention in a mixing unit with aggregates heated to a temperature in the range of from 140° C. to 220° C. The present invention provides a packaged binder unit comprising a binder core retained within a sealable laminated bilayer, wherein the sealable laminated bilayer comprises a bi-axially oriented polymer layer and a non-bi-axially oriented polymer layer, and wherein the binder core comprises a bituminous binder or a synthetic binder. The present invention further provides a process for manufacturing an asphalt composition comprising the step of mixing the binder unit according to the present invention in a mixing unit with aggregates heated to a temperature in the range of from 140° C. to 220° C. Additionally, the present invention also provides for a process for manufacturing an asphalt pavement, further comprising spreading the asphalt composition into a layer and compacting the layer, wherein the compaction in step suitably takes place at a temperature of from 120° C. to 180° C.

IPC Classes  ?

• B32B 27/08 - Layered products essentially comprising synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer next to another layer of a specific substance of synthetic resin of a different kind
• B32B 1/00 - Layered products essentially having a general shape other than plane
• B32B 27/32 - Layered products essentially comprising synthetic resin comprising polyolefins
• B32B 27/36 - Layered products essentially comprising synthetic resin comprising polyesters
• B65D 75/26 - Articles or materials wholly enclosed in laminated sheets or wrapper blanks
• B65D 85/00 - Containers, packaging elements or packages, specially adapted for particular articles or materials
• C04B 26/26 - Bituminous materials, e.g. tar, pitch
• C04B 20/12 - Multiple coating or impregnating
• C04B 20/10 - Coating or impregnating
• C04B 40/06 - Inhibiting the setting, e.g. mortars of the deferred action type containing water in breakable containers

Abstract

A process for the preparing glycols from a lignocellulosic solid biomass involves contacting the biomass with an organic solvent comprising a low boiling point alcohol and a pre-treatment acid at a temperature in a range from 80 to 220° C. and a pressure in a range from 1 to 50 bara. The resulting mixture, having >20 wt. % water, is separated into a pre-treated solid residue comprising cellulose and a liquid stream comprising dissolved lignin and hemicellulose. The pre-treated solid residue is subjected to a hydrogenolysis reaction, generating a glycols stream, a lights stream, comprising a first portion of organic solvent, and a heavies stream. At least of part of the liquid stream is separated to produce a second portion of organic solvent and a solid residue of lignin and hemicellulose. At least part of the first and second portion of organic solvent is recycled to the contacting step.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 29/60 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by elimination of hydroxy groups, e.g. by dehydration
• C08H 8/00 - Macromolecular compounds derived from lignocellulosic materials

Abstract

An unleaded aviation fuel composition having a MON of at least 99.6, sulfur content of less than 0.05 wt%,CHN content of at least 97.2 wt%, less than 2.8 wt% of oxygen content, a T10 of at most 75ºC, T40 of at least 75º C, a T50 of at most 105º C, a T90 of at most 135ºC, a final boiling point of less than 190°C, an adjusted heat of combustion of at least 43.5 MJ/kg, a vapor pressure in the range of 38 to 49 kPa, comprising from 20 vol.% to 35 vol.% of toluene having a MON of at least 107; from 2 vol.% to 10 vol.% of aniline; from above 30 vol% to 55 vol% of at least one alkylate oralkyate blend having an initial boiling range of from 32°C to 60°C and a final boiling range of from 105°C to140°C, having T40 of less than 99°C, T50 of less than 100°C, T90 of less than 110°C, the alkylate or alkylate blend comprising isoparaffins from 4 to 9 carbon atoms, 3-20 vol% of C5 isoparaffins, 3-15 vol% of C7 isoparaffins, and 60-90 vol% of C8 isoparaffins, based on the alkylate or alkylate blend, and less than 1 vol% of C10+, based on the alkylate or alkylate blend; at least 8 vol% of isopentane in an amount sufficient to reach a vapor pressure in the range of 38 to 49 kPa; from 0.1 vol% to 10 vol%, preferably from 1 vol% to 8 vol%, of a straight chain alkyl acetate having a straight chain alkyl group having 4 to 8 carbon atoms; and from 0.1 vol% to 10 vol%, preferably from 2 vol% to 8 vol%, of a branched chain alcohol having from 4 to 8 carbon atoms, provided that the branched chain does not contain any t-butyl groups; wherein the volume ratio of straight chain alkyl actetate to branched chain alcohol is in the range of 3:1 to 1:3; and wherein the fuel composition contains less than 15 vol% of C8 aromatics. As well as meeting the requirements of the ASTM D910 specification, the unleaded aviation fuel compositions ofthe present invention have improved octane properties.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10L 1/06 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons for spark ignition
• C10L 1/18 - Organic compounds containing oxygen
• C10L 1/02 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
• C10L 1/10 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
• C10L 1/16 - Hydrocarbons
• C10L 1/223 - Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond having at least one amino group bound to an aromatic carbon atom
• C10L 1/182 - Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof
• C10L 1/14 - Organic compounds

Abstract

The present application relates to a method and system for determining parameters of battery pulsed heating. The reference potential of the anode of the lithium-ion battery is obtained in real time in the positive and negative pulsed heating process under various heating parameters. The relationship between reference potential and threshold potential indicates whether Li plating has occurred to the lithium-ion battery. When the reference potential is smaller than the threshold potential, the first heating parameters are adjusted to avoid Li plating and improve battery life. By recording the heating parameters when the reference potential is greater than the threshold potential, it can be ensured that the pulsed heating parameters have no significant impact on the life of the battery.

IPC Classes  ?

• H01M 10/615 - Heating or keeping warm
• H01M 10/0525 - Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
• H01M 10/625 - Vehicles
• H01M 10/657 - Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells by electric or electromagnetic means
• H01M 10/63 - Control systems
• H01M 4/40 - Alloys based on alkali metals

Abstract

A sulfur-resistant, high activity methane oxidation catalyst for use in removing methane from gas streams having a concentration of methane by oxidizing the methane. The methane oxidation catalyst is especially useful in processing gas streams that also have a concentration of a sulfur compound. The sulfur-resistant methane oxidation catalyst includes a unique multi-crystalline zirconia as a support for a platinum component and a ruthenium component. The multi-crystalline zirconia contributes to the excellent properties of the catalyst. The platinum and ruthenium components can be included in the methane oxidation catalyst in a specific weight ratio that also contributes to the enhanced properties of the catalyst. The sulfur-resistant methane oxidation catalyst may also include a chloride component that contributes to enhanced properties of the catalyst.

IPC Classes  ?

• F01N 3/10 - Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
• B01J 27/13 - Platinum group metals
• B01J 21/06 - Silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
• B01J 37/04 - Mixing
• B01J 37/02 - Impregnation, coating or precipitation
• B01J 6/00 - Calcining; Fusing
• B01J 37/08 - Heat treatment
• B01J 37/03 - Precipitation; Co-precipitation

Abstract

Method to improve or maintain stability and/or compatibility of a residual hydrocarbon fuel comprising: (a) blending at least 5-95% m/m of a residual hydrocarbon component with at least 5-80% m/m of a fatty acids alkyl esters component or (b) blending at least 5-80% m/m of a fatty acids alkyl esters component with a stable residual fuel composition comprising (i) at least 5-95% m/m of a residual hydrocarbon component and (ii) up to 90% m/m of a non-hydroprocessed hydrocarbon, a hydroprocessed hydrocarbon or any combination thereof; wherein the fatty acids alkyl esters component is blended with the stable residual fuel composition before at least one other fuel composition that decreases the asphaltenes solvency power of the residual fuel composition is added thereto.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10L 1/19 - Esters
• C10L 1/08 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons for compression ignition
• C10L 10/00 - Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
• C10G 75/04 - Inhibiting corrosion or fouling in apparatus for treatment or conversion of hydrocarbon oils, in general by addition of antifouling agents

Abstract

The present invention provides an electrically heated apparatus (1) at least comprising: - an electrically heated furnace (2) having walls (2A, 2B) defining a space (3); - a first row (4) of tubes (10) running through the space (3), wherein the tubes (10) have an inlet (11) and outlet (12) outside of the space (3); - a second row (14) of tubes (10) running through the space (3), wherein the tubes (10) have an inlet (11) and outlet (12) outside of the space (3); - a first set (5) of electrical radiative heating elements (20) located in the space (3), wherein the first set (5) comprises electrical radiative heating elements (20) located between the first (4) and second rows (14) of tubes (10).

IPC Classes  ?

• F27D 11/02 - Ohmic resistance heating
• B01J 8/00 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
• F27D 99/00 - Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
• F27B 5/14 - Arrangements of heating devices
• B01J 8/06 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the solid particles being arranged in tubes
• B01J 6/00 - Calcining; Fusing

Abstract

A wellbore, which comprises a production tubing with a functional cable extending along a length on the exterior thereof, is plugged for abandonment. To plug the wellbore, an external cement barrier is placed, along a zone of interest, in an annulus directly surrounding the production tubing. The external cement barrier is in direct contact with the production tubing and the functional cable. After placing the external cement barrier is allowed to set, after which the functional cable can be subjected to an after-treatment to close any axial leak path associated with the functional cable. Finally, an internal barrier plug is formed within the production tubing, in the zone of interest, and while maintaining at least a portion of the external cement barrier in place.

IPC Classes  ?

• E21B 33/13 - Methods or devices for cementing, for plugging holes, crevices, or the like
• E21B 47/005 - Monitoring or checking of cementation quality or level

Abstract

The invention provides a gas distribution system comprising a plurality of flow passages in fluid communication with a gas source, each flow passage having disposed therein a number of nozzles, wherein at least a portion of said nozzles are fitted with a sintered metal filter.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 8/18 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
• C10G 11/18 - Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils with preheated moving solid catalysts according to the "fluidised bed" technique
• B05B 1/00 - Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means

Abstract

The present invention provides a catalytic cracking reactor comprising a conduit, configured to allow the passage of a flow of catalyst particles, and an injection zone comprising a ring of feed injectors extending inwardly from the wall of reactor and angled to inject feed into the flow of catalyst particles, characterised in that the reactor also comprises a contacting device protruding into the reactor from the inner wall of said reactor upstream of the injection zone. The present invention also provides a method of mixing a fluidised stream of catalyst particles with a hydrocarbon feed, said method comprising the steps of: a) creating a stream of fluidised catalyst particles in a reactor; b) passing said stream of fluidised catalyst particles past a contacting device protruding into the reactor from the inner wall of said reactor; c) subsequently passing the stream of fluidised catalyst particles through an injection zone comprising a ring of feed injectors extending inwardly from the wall of the reactor and contacting said stream of fluidised catalyst particles with hydrocarbon feed provided through said feed injectors; d) passing the stream of fluidised catalyst particles contacted with hydrocarbon feed to a downstream section of the reactor to convert the hydrocarbon feed to a converted product in the presence of the catalyst particles.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 8/00 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
• B01J 8/18 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles
• B01J 8/20 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles with liquid as a fluidising medium
• C10G 11/18 - Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils with preheated moving solid catalysts according to the "fluidised bed" technique
• B01J 8/38 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles according to "fluidised-bed" technique with fluidised bed containing a rotatable device or being subject to rotation
• B01F 23/50 - Mixing liquids with solids

Abstract

Use of a gasoline fuel composition comprising (a) a major portion of gasoline blending components (b) from 0 vol % to 25 vol % of oxygenated hydrocarbon and (c) from 0.01 vol % to 5 vol % of a diene compound for the purpose of increasing the injection duration at the end of a 48 hour deposit formation phase in a direct injection spark ignition engine by at least 10%.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10L 1/06 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons for spark ignition
• C10L 1/02 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
• C10L 1/16 - Hydrocarbons
• C10L 1/182 - Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof
• C10L 10/04 - Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for minimising corrosion or incrustation

Abstract

4262411 of at least 0.2 kton ethylene oxide/m31eff11xxx is at least 0.6 kton ethylene oxide/m31xeffxeffxleff1leff1 is in the range of from 0.8 to 1.2.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07D 301/10 - Synthesis of the oxirane ring by oxidation of unsaturated compounds, or of mixtures of unsaturated and saturated compounds with air or molecular oxygen in the gaseous phase with catalysts containing silver or gold

Abstract

The present disclosure provides a heat axchanger and heat exchange method for cooling a gaseous process stream. The heat exchanger unit (100, 200, 300) comprises: a heat exchanger vessel (2), the heat exchanger vessel (2) comprising a plurality of process stream conduits (12, 14) arranged to receive the gaseous process stream (10) and discharge a cooled process stream (18), and a plurality of refrigerant conduits (46, 48, 49) to receive at least part of a pre-cooled mixed refrigerant stream (58) and to discharge at least one cooled mixed refrigerant stream (72, 82); at least one expansion device (74, 84) arranged to receive at least part of the cooled mixed refrigerant stream (72, 82) and discharge a further cooled mixed refrigerant stream (76, 86), the further cooled mixed refrigerant stream (76, 86) being connected to at least one of a third refrigerant inlet (77) and a fourth refrigerant inlet (87) of the heat exchanger vessel (2) to provide cooling to the process stream conduits (12, 14) and the refrigerant conduits (46, 48, 49); a refrigerant bleed vessel (110) arranged to receive a first refrigerant split-off stream (112) from the cooled mixed refrigerant stream (72, 82) and to receive a second refrigerant split-off stream (114) from the pre-cooled mixed refrigerant stream; the refrigerant bleed vessel (110) comprising a bleed outlet (116) to discharge a bleed stream (118) and a recycle outlet (120) to discharge a recycle stream (122), the recycle outlet being fluidly connected to at least one of the third refrigerant inlet (77) and the fourth refrigerant inlet (87) of the heat exchanger vessel (2).

IPC Classes  ?

• F25J 1/02 - Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen
• F25J 1/00 - Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures

Abstract

A method for determining subsurface hydrocarbon fluid properties of reservoired hydrocarbons having a hydrocarbon seep involves locating a hydrocarbon seep at a seabed location where hydrocarbon is actively flowing out of the seabed. A sample of hydrocarbons is collected from the hydrocarbon seep. Physical, transport and/or thermodynamic fluid properties of reservoired hydrocarbons are determined from the sample of hydrocarbons.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01N 33/24 - Earth materials
• E21B 49/08 - Obtaining fluid samples or testing fluids, in boreholes or wells
• G01V 1/38 - Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting specially adapted for water-covered areas

Abstract

A method for determining a presence of reservoired hydrocarbons having a hydrocarbon seep involves locating a hydrocarbon seep at a seabed location where hydrocarbon is actively flowing out of the seabed. Temporally spaced isotopic compositions of the hydrocarbon seep are determined. When a temporal variance between the isotopic compositions falls within a predetermined temporal tolerance, the hydrocarbon seep is classified as being indicative of the presence of reservoired hydrocarbons. A unique identifier is assigned to the reservoired hydrocarbons.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01N 33/28 - Oils
• G01V 9/00 - Prospecting or detecting by methods not provided for in groups

Abstract

A method for the reduction of ship fuel consumption through the optimisation of vessel draft, speed and trim using historical vessel data. Historical global, online data, is collected for multiple vessel operating parameters associated with its previous voyages. After initial filtering and cleaning of the gathered data, a process of analysing the data to determine the optimum draft, speed and trim for the vessels' given speed is described. The determined optimum draft, speed and trim values are then presented to the Captain or an automatic draft and trim optimisation system for the current draft and trim to be adjusted. This application therefore discloses a method for analysing historical vessel data to provide advice on optimum draft, trim and speed. A method for predicting the achievable fuel savings and recording the fuel savings achieved is also disclosed.

IPC Classes  ?

• B63B 79/20 - Monitoring properties or operating parameters of vessels in operation using models or simulation, e.g. statistical models or stochastic models
• B63B 79/40 - Monitoring properties or operating parameters of vessels in operation for controlling the operation of vessels, e.g. monitoring their speed, routing or maintenance schedules
• B63B 49/00 - Arrangements of nautical instruments or navigational aids
• B63B 79/30 - Monitoring properties or operating parameters of vessels in operation for diagnosing, testing or predicting the integrity or performance of vessels

Abstract

A method for treating an offgas produced in the processing of a renewable feedstock, includes hydrotreating a renewable feedstock to produce an effluent having a hydrotreated liquid and a vapour phase. The effluent vapour phase contains hydrogen,carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulphide and carbon monoxide. The effluent is separated into a liquid stream and an offgas streams. The offgas stream, containing carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulphide is directed to a biological desulfurization unit where a majority of the hydrogen sulphide is converted to elemental sulphur and a CO2-rich gas stream is produced.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 3/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
• B01D 53/52 - Hydrogen sulfide
• B01D 53/84 - Biological processes
• C10K 1/00 - Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
• C10K 1/12 - Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquids; Reviving the used wash liquors with aqueous liquids alkaline-reacting

Abstract

A catalyst composition comprising an iron-pyridine bisimine ligand complex wherein the catalyst composition is prepared by combining iron chloride or iron carboxylate and pyridine bisimine ligand in a polar solvent and then removing the polar solvent. A method of preparing an oligomerization catalyst comprising combining an iron compound with a pyridine bisimine ligand in a polar solvent and then removing the polar solvent. A process for producing alpha-olefins comprising contacting an ethylene feed with an oligomerization catalyst system in an oligomerization reaction zone under oligomerization reaction conditions to produce a product stream comprising alpha-olefins wherein the catalyst system comprises an iron-ligand complex and a co-catalyst wherein the catalyst system is prepared in a process comprising combining an iron compound with a pyridine bisimine ligand in a polar solvent, removing the polar solvent and suspending the catalyst in a viscous fluid.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07F 15/02 - Iron compounds
• B01J 23/745 - Iron
• C08F 10/00 - Homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond

Abstract

The invention provides a process for producing alpha-olefins comprising: a) contacting an ethylene feed with an oligomerization catalyst system, the catalyst system comprising a metal-ligand catalyst and a co-catalyst, in an oligomerization reaction zone under oligomerization conditions to produce a product stream comprising alpha-olefins; b) withdrawing the product stream from the oligomerization reaction zone wherein the product stream further comprises oligomerization catalyst system; c) contacting the product stream with a catalyst deactivating agent to form a deactivated product stream that contains deactivated catalyst components; and d) heating the deactivated product stream to separate one or more components from the deactivated product stream.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 2/32 - Catalytic processes with hydrides or organic compounds as complexes, e.g. acetyl-acetonates
• C07C 2/34 - Metal-hydrocarbon complexes
• B01J 31/00 - Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds

Abstract

A process for producing alpha-olefins comprising contacting an ethylene feed with an oligomerization catalyst system in an oligomerization reaction zone under oligomerization reaction conditions to produce a product stream comprising alpha-olefins wherein the catalyst system comprises an iron-ligand complex and a modified methyl aluminoxane (MMAO) co-catalyst wherein the co-catalyst feed stream to the reaction zone is diluted in a solvent to a concentration of less than 1 wt% aluminum in the co-catalyst feed stream.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 2/32 - Catalytic processes with hydrides or organic compounds as complexes, e.g. acetyl-acetonates
• C07C 2/34 - Metal-hydrocarbon complexes
• C07C 11/02 - Alkenes
• C07C 11/107 - Alkenes with six carbon atoms

Abstract

A process for producing alpha-olefins comprising contacting an ethylene feed with an oligomerization catalyst system, the catalyst system comprising a metal-ligand complex and a co-catalyst, in an oligomerization reaction zone under oligomerization reaction conditions, the reaction conditions comprising a first reaction temperature of at least 70 °C, to produce a product stream comprising alpha-olefins and higher molecular weight oligomers and optionally polyethylene wherein after a first time period, the presence of higher molecular weight oligomers and optionally polyethylene reduces the flow rate through the reaction zone, fouls the reactor surface and/or reduces heat transfer and after that first time period, increasing the temperature of the reaction zone to a second reaction temperature that is at least 5 °C greater than the first reaction temperature for a second time period.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 2/32 - Catalytic processes with hydrides or organic compounds as complexes, e.g. acetyl-acetonates
• C07C 2/34 - Metal-hydrocarbon complexes
• C07C 11/02 - Alkenes
• C07C 11/08 - Alkenes with four carbon atoms
• C07C 11/107 - Alkenes with six carbon atoms

Abstract

458121317139111416812182115911192020 are selected from hydrogen, optionally substituted hydrocarbyl, hydroxo, cyano or an inert functional group.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 2/32 - Catalytic processes with hydrides or organic compounds as complexes, e.g. acetyl-acetonates
• C07C 11/02 - Alkenes
• C07C 11/08 - Alkenes with four carbon atoms
• C07C 11/107 - Alkenes with six carbon atoms

Abstract

A process for producing alpha-olefins comprising contacting an ethylene feed with an oligomerization catalyst system in an oligomerization reaction zone under oligomerization reaction conditions to produce a product stream comprising alpha-olefins wherein the catalyst system comprises an iron-ligand complex and a co-catalyst and the residence time in the reaction zone is in the range of from 2 to 40 minutes.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 2/32 - Catalytic processes with hydrides or organic compounds as complexes, e.g. acetyl-acetonates
• C07C 2/34 - Metal-hydrocarbon complexes
• C07C 11/02 - Alkenes
• C07C 11/08 - Alkenes with four carbon atoms
• C07C 11/107 - Alkenes with six carbon atoms

Abstract

A process for producing alpha-olefins comprising: a) contacting an ethylene feed with an oligomerization catalyst system in an oligomerization reaction zone under oligomerization reaction conditions to produce a product stream comprising alpha-olefins; and b) cooling at least a portion of the reaction zone using a heat exchange medium having an inlet temperature and an outlet temperature wherein the catalyst system comprises a metal-ligand complex and a co-catalyst; the oligomerization reaction conditions comprise a reaction temperature of greater than 70 °C; and the difference between the reaction zone temperature and the inlet temperature of the heat exchange medium is from 0.5 to 15 °C.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 2/32 - Catalytic processes with hydrides or organic compounds as complexes, e.g. acetyl-acetonates
• C07C 2/34 - Metal-hydrocarbon complexes
• C07C 11/02 - Alkenes
• C07C 11/08 - Alkenes with four carbon atoms
• C07C 11/107 - Alkenes with six carbon atoms

Abstract

22X); combining at least a portion of the non-aqueous phase with a conversion solution to form a second combined solution, heating the second combined solution to convert at least a portion of the xylose-diboronate ester into furfural to a temperature at or above which the second combined solution consists essentially of a homogeneous liquid phase, cooling down the heated second combined solution to a temperature wherein the cooled second combined solution comprises an aqueous phase comprising water and furfural and (ii) a non-aqueous phase comprising water-insoluble boronic acid and furfural.

IPC Classes  ?

• C08H 7/00 - Lignin; Modified lignin; High-molecular-weight products derived therefrom
• C07D 307/50 - Preparation from natural products

Abstract

Systems and method for production of furfural comprising combining a xylose-containing solution with an extraction solution comprising water-insoluble boronic acid to provide a first combined solution comprising an aqueous phase and a non-aqueous phase, said non-aqueous phase comprising xylose-diboronate ester (BA2X); combining at least a portion of the non-aqueous phase with an ionic conversion solution having a pH of less than or equal to 4 and comprising one or more salts to form a second combined solution, wherein the ionic conversion solution has a calculated molar ionic strength of at least 1, heating the second combined solution to convert at least a portion of the xylose-diboronate ester into furfural; separating the second combined solution into a second aqueous phase comprising from a second non-aqueous phase and recovering furfural from the second non-aqueous phase.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07D 307/48 - Furfural

Abstract

This invention provides a lubricating composition for use as a transmission fluid in an electric vehicle, said lubricating composition comprising: (iii) at least 70wt%, based on the overall weight of the lubricating composition, of a biodegradable ester base oil with a kinematic viscosity at 100°C in the range of from 2.5 to 7.0 mm2/s, wherein the ester is biodegradable according to OECD test guidelines series 301; (iv) at least 0.5wt% and no more than 10wt%, based on the overall weight of the lubricating composition, of a viscosity index improver which is at least one high viscosity ester with a kinematic viscosity at 100°C of at least 1000mm2/s; and (v) an anti-foam additive selected from silicone oil based antifoam additives and polyacrylate antifoam additives.This invention also provides a process for lubricating an electric vehicle drive train comprising a transmission, said process comprising the steps of applying to said transmission a lubricating composition, said lubricating composition comprising: (iv) at least 70wt%, based on the overall weight of the lubricating composition, of a biodegradable ester base oil with a kinematic viscosity at 100°C in the range of from 2.5 to 7.0 mm2/s wherein the ester is biodegradable according to OECD test guidelines series 301; (v) at least 0.5wt% and no more than 10wt%, based on the overall weight of the lubricating composition, of a viscosity index improver which is at least one high viscosity ester with a kinematic viscosity at 100°C of at least 1000mm2/s; and (vi) an anti-foam additive selected from silicone oil based antifoam additives and polyacrylate antifoam additives.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10M 169/04 - Mixtures of base-materials and additives
• C10N 20/00 - Specified physical properties of component of lubricating compositions
• C10N 30/02 - Pour-point; Viscosity index
• C10N 30/00 - Specified physical or chemical property which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
• C10N 40/04 - Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
• C10N 40/16 - Electric or magnetic purposes dielectric; Insulating oil
• C10N 40/25 - Internal-combustion engines

Abstract

The invention relates to pre-treating an oil derived from a renewable feedstock to remove at least a portion of one or more contaminants by filtering the oil with a nanofiltration membrane. The resulting permeate oil has a reduced concentration of the contaminant relative to the feed stream to the nanofiltration membrane.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01D 61/02 - Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration
• C10G 31/11 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by methods not otherwise provided for by dialysis
• B01D 65/08 - Prevention of membrane fouling or of concentration polarisation
• B01D 17/00 - Separation of liquids, not provided for elsewhere, e.g. by thermal diffusion

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for producing syngas using catalytic reverse water gas shift (RWGS) reaction comprising heat exchangers and two RWGS reactors.

IPC Classes  ?

• C01B 3/16 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen, e.g. water, acids, bases, ammonia, with inorganic reducing agents by reaction of water vapour with carbon monoxide using catalysts
• B01J 8/04 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds
• B01J 8/06 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the solid particles being arranged in tubes
• C10K 3/02 - Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide by catalytic treatment

Abstract

A process for producing alpha-olefins comprising contacting an ethylene feed with an oligomerization catalyst in an oligomerization reaction zone under oligomerization conditions wherein the oligomerization catalyst comprises an iron-pyridine bisimine catalyst and the oligomerization conditions comprise a pressure of at least 3.79 MPa.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 2/32 - Catalytic processes with hydrides or organic compounds as complexes, e.g. acetyl-acetonates
• C07C 2/34 - Metal-hydrocarbon complexes
• C07C 11/02 - Alkenes
• C07C 11/107 - Alkenes with six carbon atoms

Abstract

A process for producing alpha-olefins comprising contacting an ethylene feed with an oligomerization catalyst system in an oligomerization reaction zone under oligomerization reaction conditions to produce a product stream comprising alpha-olefins wherein the catalyst system comprises an iron-ligand complex and a co-catalyst and the molar ratio of oxygen to iron being fed to the oligomerization reaction zone is of from 1:1 to 200:1. Alternatively, the molar ratio of oxygen to aluminum in MMAO being fed to the oligomerization reaction zone is less than 1:5.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 2/32 - Catalytic processes with hydrides or organic compounds as complexes, e.g. acetyl-acetonates
• C07C 2/34 - Metal-hydrocarbon complexes
• C07C 11/02 - Alkenes

Abstract

A process for producing alpha-olefins in an oligomerization reaction zone comprising: a) feeding a first stream comprising ethylene into the reaction zone; b) feeding a second stream comprising an iron-ligand catalyst and a co-catalyst in a solvent into the reaction zone; c) contacting the ethylene feed with the iron-ligand catalyst and the co-catalyst in the oligomerization reaction zone under oligomerization reaction conditions, including an oligomerization reaction temperature; and d) withdrawing a product stream comprising alpha-olefins and a method for starting up this process.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 2/32 - Catalytic processes with hydrides or organic compounds as complexes, e.g. acetyl-acetonates
• C07C 2/34 - Metal-hydrocarbon complexes
• C07C 11/107 - Alkenes with six carbon atoms
• C07C 11/02 - Alkenes

Abstract

A process for producing alpha-olefins comprising contacting ethylene with an oligomerization catalyst system in an oligomerization reaction zone under oligomerization conditions to produce a product stream comprising alpha-olefins wherein the oligomerization catalyst system comprises a metal-ligand complex and a co-catalyst and the oligomerization conditions are selected such that the product stream contains less than 50 ppmw of 1,3-hexadiene. A process for producing polyethylene comprising contacting ethylene with one or more alpha olefins in the presence of a polymerization catalyst wherein the one or more alpha olefins are produced in a process comprising contacting an ethylene feed with an oligomerization catalyst system in an oligomerization reaction zone under oligomerization conditions to produce a product stream comprising alpha-olefins wherein the oligomerization catalyst system comprises an iron-pyridine bisimine complex and an MMAO co-catalyst and the oligomerization conditions are selected such that the one or more alpha-olefins contain less than 100 ppmw of 1,3-hexadiene.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 2/34 - Metal-hydrocarbon complexes
• C07C 11/02 - Alkenes
• C08F 210/02 - Ethene

Abstract

A process for producing alpha-olefins comprising contacting an ethylene feed with an oligomerization catalyst system in an oligomerization reaction zone under oligomerization reaction conditions to produce a product stream comprising alpha-olefins wherein the catalyst system comprises a metal-ligand complex and a co-catalyst and the oligomerization reaction conditions comprise a reaction temperature of at least 115 °C.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 2/32 - Catalytic processes with hydrides or organic compounds as complexes, e.g. acetyl-acetonates
• C07C 2/34 - Metal-hydrocarbon complexes
• C07C 11/02 - Alkenes
• C07C 11/08 - Alkenes with four carbon atoms
• C07C 11/107 - Alkenes with six carbon atoms

Abstract

A process includes a.) supplying a biomass feedstock, a fluidizing gas having hydrogen, and a catalyst recirculation stream having deoxygenating catalyst to a mixing zone of a fluidized bed reactor; b.) allowing the biomass feedstock, the fluidizing gas and the deoxygenating catalyst to move upwards through the fluidized bed reactor from the mixing zone to a bulk reactor zone; c.) allowing the biomass feedstock to contact the deoxygenating catalyst in the presence of the fluidizing gas in the bulk reactor zone of the fluidized bed reactor to produce a hydropyrolysis reactor output including at least one non-condensable gas, a partially deoxygenated hydropyrolysis product and char; and d.) withdrawing at least a portion of the deoxygenating catalyst from the bulk reactor zone to form the catalyst recirculation stream that is supplied to the mixing zone in step a).

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 3/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
• C10G 11/18 - Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils with preheated moving solid catalysts according to the "fluidised bed" technique
• C10G 69/04 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one other conversion process plural serial stages only including at least one step of catalytic cracking in the absence of hydrogen
• B01J 8/24 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles according to "fluidised-bed" technique
• C10G 1/08 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by destructive hydrogenation with moving catalysts
• B01J 8/18 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles

Abstract

22X); combining at least a portion of the non-aqueous phase with an ionic conversion solution having a pH of less than or equal to 4 and comprising one or more salts to form a second combined solution, wherein the ionic conversion solution has a calculated molar ionic strength of at least 1, heating the second combined solution to convert at least a portion of the xylose-diboronate ester into furfural; separating the second combined solution into a second aqueous phase comprising from a second non-aqueous phase and recovering furfural from the second non-aqueous phase.

IPC Classes  ?

• C08H 7/00 - Lignin; Modified lignin; High-molecular-weight products derived therefrom
• C07D 307/50 - Preparation from natural products

Abstract

Use of a paraffinic gasoil in a fuel composition for reducing microbial growth, The present invention is relevant for a wide range of fuel compositions including diesel fuels, heating oils, aviation fuels, marine fuels, and the like.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10L 10/04 - Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for minimising corrosion or incrustation
• C10G 29/20 - Organic compounds not containing metal atoms
• C10L 1/04 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons

Abstract

Use of a detergent additive in a fuel composition for reducing microbial growth, The present invention is relevant for a wide range of fuel compositions including diesel fuels, heating oils, aviation fuels, marine fuels, and the like.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10L 1/22 - Organic compounds containing nitrogen
• C10L 1/198 - Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
• C10L 1/238 - Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
• C10L 10/04 - Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for minimising corrosion or incrustation
• C10L 10/18 - Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes use of detergents or dispersants for purposes not provided for in groups
• C10L 1/222 - Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond
• C10L 1/2383 - Polyamines or polyimines, or derivatives thereof

Abstract

Disclosed is a spectroscopic device, system, and method for measuring the concentration of one or more molecular species of interest in a gas, liquid or solid sample, where the device may be portable, may be commercially manufactured, and/or may be adapted to existing systems and/or integrated with new systems to provide optical gas sensing for such systems. The disclosed devices, systems, and methods can be particularly useful in monitoring the purity of, e.g., a certain gas species, including determining whether a gas mixture contains certain gas species above a set concentration limit.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01N 21/39 - Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using tunable lasers
• G01J 3/42 - Absorption spectrometry; Double-beam spectrometry; Flicker spectrometry; Reflection spectrometry
• G01J 3/433 - Modulation spectrometry; Derivative spectrometry
• G01N 21/27 - Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands using photo-electric detection
• G01N 21/31 - Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
• G01N 21/552 - Attenuated total reflection

Abstract

A corrosion inhibitor has a film-forming portion. In one embodiment, the corrosion inhibitor further includes a surfactant, a coupling solvent and a carrier solvent. In another embodiment, the corrosion inhibitor has a film-forming portion that includes at least two multi-dentate compounds and a compound having a single active group. Each of the multi-dentate compounds and the compound having a single active group are selected from the group consisting of compounds having nitrogen-containing polar groups, compounds having acid groups and combinations thereof.

IPC Classes  ?

• C09D 5/08 - Anti-corrosive paints
• C09D 177/08 - Polyamides derived from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids from polyamines and polymerised unsaturated fatty acids
• C09D 7/20 - Diluents or solvents
• C09D 7/63 - Additives non-macromolecular organic
• C09D 7/45 - Anti-settling agents
• C08G 69/34 - Polyamides derived from amino carboxylic acids or from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids derived from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids using polymerised unsaturated fatty acids

Abstract

The present invention provides a lubricating oil composition comprising: (A) a lubricant base oil including at least one type selected from mineral oil, PAO, and GTL (gas-to-liquid) base oils; (B) a compound having a structure obtained by independently subjecting propylene oxide to addition polymerization with an alcohol or a structure obtained by subjecting a combination of propylene oxide with ethylene oxide and/or butylene oxide to addition polymerization with an alcohol, and being configured so that polyalkylene glycol (PAG) with an oxygen/carbon weight ratio of 0.35 or more and less than 0.45 and/or one or both terminal hydroxyl groups in the polyalkylene glycol (PAG) are blocked; and (C) a fatty acid ester having an oxygen/carbon weight ratio of 0.05 to 0.35.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10M 169/04 - Mixtures of base-materials and additives
• C10N 20/02 - Viscosity; Viscosity index
• C10N 30/02 - Pour-point; Viscosity index
• C10N 30/08 - Resistance to extreme temperature
• C10N 30/00 - Specified physical or chemical property which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives

Abstract

Receiver-consistent scalars of seismic receiver channels are used for time-lapse monitoring of a sub-surface earth formation. Signals are induced by seismic waves propagating through the earth formation adjacent to each respective seismic receiver channel. Each seismic receiver channel is acoustically coupled to the earth formation as present directly adjacent to the location of the seismic receiver channel in question. The base receiver-consistent scalars and the monitor receiver-consistent scalars of seismic receiver channels can be outputted to reveal changes in these receiver-consistent scalars. These changes can be used to delineate information about physical changes in the subsurface earth formation. The changes in the based receiver-consistent scalars and the monitor receiver-consistent scalars may be displayed visually.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01V 1/30 - Analysis
• G01V 8/16 - Detecting, e.g. by using light barriers using one transmitter and one receiver using optical fibres
• G01H 9/00 - Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means
• G01V 1/22 - Transmitting seismic signals to recording or processing apparatus
• G01V 1/40 - Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting specially adapted for well-logging

Abstract

The present invention relates to metal-organic framework characterized in that it comprises a polymer coating; further the invention relates to a process for the preparation of said polymer-coated metal-organic framework and a process for recycling after degradation. The polymer coated MOFs of this invention find application in a broad range of technologies and therapeutic areas.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07F 1/08 - Copper compounds
• C07F 1/00 - Compounds containing elements of Groups 1 or 11 of the Periodic System
• C09D 133/10 - Homopolymers or copolymers of methacrylic acid esters
• C09D 133/08 - Homopolymers or copolymers of acrylic acid esters

Abstract

Integrity of a downhole zonal isolation in an annulus (B, C, D) formed between two wellbore tubulars (4, 6, 8, 10) of a sub-sea wellbore is ascertained, by directing ultrasonic waves (32) at the at least two wellbore tubulars and the annulus in a direction at least transverse to the wellbore tubulars and at an inspection location above the downhole zonal isolation, detecting reflections caused by the ultrasonic waves from surfaces of at least the wellbore tubulars, and inferring from the detected reflections whether the annulus at the inspection location is filled with a liquid or a gas.

IPC Classes  ?

• E21B 47/107 - Locating fluid leaks, intrusions or movements using acoustic means

Abstract

A method involving automated salt body boundary interpretation employs multiple sequential supervised machine learning models which have been trained using training data. The training data may consist of pairs of seismic data and labels as determined by human interpretation. The machine learning models are deep learning models, and each of the deep learning models is aimed to address a specific challenge in the salt body boundary detection. The proposed approach consists of application of an ensemble of deep learning models applied sequentially, wherein each model is trained to address a specific challenge. In one example an initial salt boundary inference as generated by a first trained first deep learning model is subject to a trained refinement deep learning model for false positives removal.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01V 1/28 - Processing seismic data, e.g. analysis, for interpretation, for correction
• G01V 1/30 - Analysis

Abstract

The invention provides a process for separating saturated and unsaturated carboxylic acids is described. The process includes providing a stream comprising same carbon number saturated and unsaturated carboxylic acids; contacting said stream with an extractive solvent in an extractive distillation unit, to produce a first stream comprising extractive solvent and unsaturated carboxylic acids and a second stream comprising saturated carboxylic acids, and feeding said first stream to a solvent recovery unit, to produce a third stream comprising unsaturated carboxylic acids and a fourth stream comprising extractive solvent. In some embodiments, the extractive solvent has a boiling point at atmospheric pressure that is at least 5° C. higher than the boiling point of the unsaturated carboxylic acid.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 51/44 - Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives by change of the physical state, e.g. crystallisation by distillation
• B01D 3/40 - Extractive distillation
• C07C 51/48 - Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives by liquid-liquid treatment

Abstract

12 34123 44 may be the same or different, each representing an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10M 173/00 - Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water
• C10M 173/02 - Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water not containing mineral or fatty oils

Abstract

The present invention provides a method of preparing a supported catalyst, preferably a hydrocracking catalyst, the method at least comprising the steps of:a) providing a zeolite Y having a bulk silica to alumina molar ratio (SAR) of at least 10; b) contacting the zeolite Y provided in step a) with a base and a surfactant, thereby obtaining a zeolite Y with increased mesoporosity; c) shaping the zeolite Y with increased mesoporosity as obtained in step b) thereby obtaining a shaped10catalyst carrier; d) calcining the shaped catalyst carrier as obtained in step c) in the presence of the surfactant of step b), thereby obtaining a calcined catalyst carrier; e) impregnating the catalyst carrier calcined in step d) with a noble metal component thereby obtaining a supported catalyst.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 29/12 - Noble metals
• B01J 35/10 - Solids characterised by their surface properties or porosity
• C10G 47/18 - Crystalline alumino-silicate carriers the catalyst containing platinum group metals or compounds thereof

Abstract

The present invention provides a process for hydro-demetallizing of residual hydro-carbonaceous feedstock, the process comprising:passing the feedstock to a vertically-disposed reaction zone comprising at least one moving bed reactor, wherein the at least one moving bed reactor comprises at least one catalyst bed of hydro-demetallization catalyst and is configured for catalyst addition and removal;subjecting the hydrodemetallization catalyst to in-line fresh catalyst deairing, pressurizing, and hydrocarbon soaking via a catalyst sluicing system before entering the moving bed reactor;further subjecting the hydrodemetallization catalyst to sulphidic activation before entering the moving bed reactor at a top portion of the moving bed reactor, wherein the hydrodemetallization catalyst is added to the moving bed reactor through gravity; removing any spent hydrodemetallization catalyst from a bottom portion of the moving bed reactor during processing of the feedstock; and subjecting the removed spent hydrodemetallization catalyst to in-line spent catalyst hydrocarbon removal, depressurizing, inerting, and airing; and wherein reactor internals located within the reaction zone provide balance and controlled catalyst movement during catalyst addition and removal from the moving bed reactor.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 45/18 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing with moving solid particles according to the "moving bed" technique
• B01J 37/20 - Sulfiding
• B01J 8/00 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
• B01J 8/12 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with moving particles moved by gravity in a downward flow
• C10G 45/04 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing characterised by the catalyst used
• B01J 35/08 - Spheres
• B01J 35/02 - Solids
• B01J 23/882 - Molybdenum and cobalt
• B01J 23/883 - Molybdenum and nickel
• B01J 27/19 - Molybdenum

Abstract

The present invention provides a process for hydro-demetallizing of residual hydro-carbonaceous feedstock, the process comprising:passing the feedstock to a vertically-disposed reaction zone comprising at least one moving bed reactor to produce an effluent, wherein the at least one moving bed reactor comprises at least one catalyst bed of hydro-demetallization catalyst and is configured for catalyst addition and removal;subjecting the hydrodemetallization catalyst to in-line fresh catalyst deairing, pressurizing, and hydrocarbon soaking via a catalyst sluicing system before entering the moving bed reactor;further subjecting the hydrodemetallization catalyst to sulphidic activation before entering the moving bed reactor at a top portion of the moving bed reactor, wherein the hydrodemetallization catalyst is added to the moving bed reactor through gravity; removing any spent hydrodemetallization catalyst from a bottom portion of the moving bed reactor during processing of the feedstock; and subjecting the removed spent hydrodemetallization catalyst to in-line spent catalyst hydrocarbon removal, depressurizing, inerting, and airing; passing the effluent to at least one fixed bed reactor for further processing; and wherein reactor internals located within the reaction zone provide balance and controlled catalyst movement during catalyst addition and removal from the moving bed reactor.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 45/18 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing with moving solid particles according to the "moving bed" technique
• B01J 37/20 - Sulfiding
• B01J 8/00 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
• B01J 8/12 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with moving particles moved by gravity in a downward flow
• C10G 45/04 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing characterised by the catalyst used
• C10G 65/04 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by two or more hydrotreatment processes only plural serial stages only including only refining steps
• C10G 65/12 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by two or more hydrotreatment processes only plural serial stages only including cracking steps and other hydrotreatment steps
• B01J 35/02 - Solids
• B01J 35/08 - Spheres
• B01J 23/883 - Molybdenum and nickel
• B01J 35/10 - Solids characterised by their surface properties or porosity
• B01J 37/28 - Phosphorising

Abstract

The invention relates to a process for the recovery of aliphatic hydrocarbons from a liquid stream comprising aliphatic hydrocarbons, heteroatom containing organic compounds and optionally aromatic hydrocarbons, involving a) contacting said liquid stream with a washing solvent thereby removing heteroatom containing organic compounds; b) liquid-liquid extraction of the washed stream with an extraction solvent; wherein during step a) and/or between multiple steps a) and/or between steps a) and b) and/or after step b), heteroatom containing organic compounds, optional aromatic hydrocarbons and optional other contaminants are removed from said liquid stream and/or from a washed stream resulting from step a) and/or from a raffinate stream resulting from step b), respectively, by contacting the latter stream(s) with a sorption agent. Further, the invention relates to a process for the recovery of aliphatic hydrocarbons from plastics comprising the above-mentioned process; and to a process for steam cracking a hydrocarbon feed comprising aliphatic hydrocarbons as recovered in one of the above-mentioned processes.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 1/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
• C10G 1/02 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by distillation
• C10G 1/10 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal from rubber or rubber waste
• C10G 53/06 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by two or more refining processes plural serial stages only including at least one extraction step including only extraction steps, e.g. deasphalting by solvent treatment followed by extraction of aromatics
• C10G 53/08 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by two or more refining processes plural serial stages only including at least one sorption step
• C10G 55/04 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by at least one refining process and at least one cracking process plural serial stages only including at least one thermal cracking step

Abstract

223322. The portion of the MOH is used in step (a) and the carboxylic acid is formic acid (HCOOH).

IPC Classes  ?

• C25B 1/46 - Simultaneous production of alkali metal hydroxides and chlorine, oxyacids or salts of chlorine, e.g. by chlor-alkali electrolysis in diaphragm cells
• C25B 15/08 - Supplying or removing reactants or electrolytes; Regeneration of electrolytes
• C07C 51/02 - Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides, or anhydrides from salts of carboxylic acids
• C07C 51/09 - Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides, or anhydrides from carboxylic acid esters or lactones
• C07C 51/41 - Preparation of salts of carboxylic acids by conversion of the acids or their salts into salts with the same carboxylic acid part
• C07C 67/08 - Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by reacting carboxylic acids or symmetrical anhydrides with the hydroxy or O-metal group of organic compounds
• C07C 53/02 - Formic acid
• C07C 53/06 - Salts thereof
• C07C 69/06 - Formic acid esters of monohydroxylic compounds
• C07C 55/06 - Oxalic acid

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a method for replacing a catalyst of a reactor train of an operating hydroprocessing system comprising a plurality of reactor trains comprising a catalyst and each configured to receive a feed fluid and combine a portion of the feed fluid with a hydrogen stream over the catalyst to generate a hydrotreated fluid, the method comprising activating a valving system of the operating hydroprocessing system to disrupt operation of a select reactor train comprising a spent catalyst to form a disrupted reactor train while maintaining operation of at least one other reactor train; activating the gas processing system to form a decontaminated catalyst, removing the decontaminated catalyst from the disrupted reactor train to form a catalyst free reactor train; loading the catalyst free reactor train with a fresh catalyst to produce a charged reactor train; and restoring operation of the catalyst charged reactor train.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 8/00 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
• B01J 19/18 - Stationary reactors having moving elements inside
• B01J 19/24 - Stationary reactors without moving elements inside
• B01J 38/00 - Regeneration or reactivation of catalysts, in general
• B01J 38/04 - Gas or vapour treating; Treating by using liquids vaporisable upon contacting spent catalyst
• C10G 69/14 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one other conversion process plural parallel stages only
• B01J 8/02 - Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds

Abstract

RECOVERY OF ALIPHATIC HYDROCARBONSThe invention relates to a process for the recovery of aliphatic hydrocarbons from a liquid stream comprising aliphatic hydrocarbons, heteroatom containing organic compounds and optionally aromatic hydrocarbons, involving a) contacting said liquid stream with a stream having a pH above 7 and comprising a washing solvent, preceded and/or followed by contacting with a stream having a pH below 7 and comprising a washing solvent; b) liquid-liquid extraction of the washed stream with an extraction solvent. Further, the invention relates to a process for the recovery of aliphatic hydrocarbons from plastics comprising the above-mentioned process; and to a process for steam cracking a hydrocarbon feed comprising aliphatic hydrocarbons as recovered in one of the above-mentioned processes.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 1/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
• C10G 1/10 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal from rubber or rubber waste
• C10G 53/06 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by two or more refining processes plural serial stages only including at least one extraction step including only extraction steps, e.g. deasphalting by solvent treatment followed by extraction of aromatics
• C10G 55/04 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by at least one refining process and at least one cracking process plural serial stages only including at least one thermal cracking step

Abstract

A method for calibrating a direct flow simulation of a rock sample involves providing a 3D image of a rock sample and generating a segmented structural image of the rock sample from the 3D image by selecting voxels to represent either a pore space or a solid material. Fluid flow is simulated on the segmented structural image with a direct flow simulation. A 3D spatially-resolved fluid velocity map is generated for one or more fluid phases at a pore-scale resolution using pulsed field gradient nuclear magnetic resonance imaging. The simulated fluid flow and the 3D spatially-resolved fluid velocity map are compared to calibrate the direct flow simulation across the rock sample.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01N 15/08 - Investigating permeability, pore volume, or surface area of porous materials
• G01N 33/24 - Earth materials

Abstract

A facility for the production of liquefied natural gas comprising a liquefaction train. The train comprises a plurality of modules to perform the process steps associated with liquefied natural gas production. The train further comprises a primary cooling loop to cool at least a process stream from each module and a first and a second mixed refrigerants against a first coolant comprising clean water. The primary cooling loop is a closed clean water loop, and the cooling is against an ambient temperature. The train further comprises a first plurality of heat exchangers through which the primary cooling loop extends. The cooling is via heat exchange in at least the first plurality of heat exchangers with respect to the first coolant. More than 50% of the first plurality of heat exchangers are printed circuit heat exchangers, which are adapted to provide at least 80% of the cooling against the ambient temperature.

IPC Classes  ?

• F25J 1/00 - Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures

Abstract

A drill string is provided with at a distal end thereof a bottom hole assembly including a drill bit. The drill string and the bottom hole assembly are continuously rotated in a borehole, while applying a weight on bit, to further drill the borehole in the Earth. During rotation, the weight on bit is increased in a predetermined toolface sector, and reduced outside of the predetermined toolface sector, in order to preferentially deviate the drilling in one direction.

IPC Classes  ?

• E21B 44/00 - Automatic control systems specially adapted for drilling operations, i.e. self-operating systems which function to carry out or modify a drilling operation without intervention of a human operator, e.g. computer-controlled drilling systems; Systems specially adapted for monitoring a plurality of drilling variables or conditions
• E21B 7/04 - Directional drilling
• E21B 7/06 - Deflecting the direction of boreholes

Abstract

Use of a diesel fuel composition comprising (5) vol% or greater of biodiesel for reducing the build-up of deposits in an Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) system of a compression ignition internal combustion engine.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10L 1/02 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
• C10L 1/08 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons for compression ignition
• C10L 1/19 - Esters
• C10L 10/04 - Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for minimising corrosion or incrustation

Abstract

An unleaded aviation fuel composition having a MON of at least 99.6, sulfur content of less than 0.05wt%, CHN content of at least 98wt%, less than 2 wt% of oxygen content, an adjusted heat of combustion of at least 43.5 MJ/kg, a vapor pressure in the range of 38 to 49 kPa, comprising a blend comprising: from 5 vol.% to 25 vol.% of toluene having a MON of at least 107; from 0.5 vol.% to 4 vol.% of aniline;from 30 vol% to 70 vol% of at least one alkylate or alkyate blend having an initial boiling range of from 32°C to 60°C and a final boiling range of from 105°C to 140°C, having T40 of less than 99°C, T50 of less than 100°C, T90 of less than 110°C, the alkylate or alkylate blend comprising isoparaffins from 4 to 9 carbon atoms, 3-20vol% of C5 isoparaffins, 3-15vol% of C7 isoparaffins, and 60-90 vol% of C8 isoparaffins, based on the alkylate or alkylate blend, and less than 1 vol% of C10+, based on the alkylate or alkylate blend; from 0.1 vol.% to 10 vol.% of branched alkyl acetate; at least 8 vol% of isopentane, isobutane, or mixture thereof in an amount sufficient to reach a vapor pressure in the range of 38 to 49 kPa; from 2 vol.% to 10 vol.% of mesitylene; wherein the fuel composition contains less than 1 vol% of C8 aromatics. As well as meeting the requirements of the ASTM D910 specification, the unleaded aviation fuel compositions of the present invention exhibit reduced bladder delamination, improved materials compatibility such as reduced elastomer swelling and reduced paint staining, and improved engine endurance.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10L 1/06 - Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons for spark ignition
• C10L 1/19 - Esters
• C10L 1/222 - Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond
• C10L 1/14 - Organic compounds
• C10L 1/16 - Hydrocarbons
• C10L 1/223 - Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond having at least one amino group bound to an aromatic carbon atom
• C10L 10/10 - Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for improving the octane number

Abstract

The present invention provides a process for preparing sulfur-containing branched organosilane polymers comprising: reacting sulfur with a vinyl silane compound in a solvent and in the presence of a catalytic amount of an accelerator at an elevated temperature of at least 40° C. The process, and the organosilane polymers obtained by using the process, are very suitable for application in battery technologies.

IPC Classes  ?

• C08F 230/08 - Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and containing phosphorus, selenium, tellurium, or a metal containing a metal containing silicon
• C08K 3/06 - Sulfur
• C08K 5/40 - Thiuramsulfides; Thiurampolysulfides, e.g. compounds containing groups
• H01M 10/39 - Accumulators not provided for in groups working at high temperature

Abstract

The invention relates to a process for the recovery of aliphatic hydrocarbons from a liquid stream comprising aliphatic hydrocarbons, heteroatom containing organic compounds and optionally aromatic hydrocarbons, involving a) liquid-liquid extraction of said liquid stream with an extraction solvent; b) mixing the extract stream, comprising extraction solvent, heteroatom containing organic compounds and optionally aromatic hydrocarbons, with a demixing solvent to remove heteroatom containing organic compounds and optional aromatic hydrocarbons; and c) membrane separation of the remaining stream into a demixing solvent containing permeate stream and an extraction solvent containing retentate stream. Further, the invention relates to a process for the recovery of aliphatic hydrocarbons from plastics comprising the above-mentioned process; and to a process for steam cracking a hydrocarbon feed comprising aliphatic hydrocarbons as recovered in one of the above-mentioned processes.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 53/04 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by two or more refining processes plural serial stages only including at least one extraction step
• C10G 21/06 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by extraction with selective solvents characterised by the solvent used
• C10G 1/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
• C10G 1/10 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal from rubber or rubber waste
• C07C 7/144 - Purification, separation or stabilisation of hydrocarbons; Use of additives using membranes, e.g. selective permeation
• C10G 55/04 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by at least one refining process and at least one cracking process plural serial stages only including at least one thermal cracking step
• C02F 1/44 - Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis

Abstract

The invention relates to a process for the recovery of aliphatic hydrocarbons from a liquid stream comprising aliphatic hydrocarbons, heteroatom containing organic compounds and optionally aromatic hydrocarbons, involving a) liquid-liquid extraction of said liquid stream with an extraction solvent, wherein before and/or after step a)heteroatom containing organic compounds, optional aromatic hydrocarbons and optional other contaminants are removed from said liquid stream and/or from a raffinate stream resulting from step a), respectively, by contacting the latter stream(s) with a sorption agent. Further, the invention relates to a process for the recovery of aliphatic hydrocarbons from plastics comprising the above-mentioned process; and to a process for steam cracking a hydrocarbon feed comprising aliphatic hydrocarbons as recovered in one of the above-mentioned processes.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 1/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
• C10G 1/02 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by distillation
• C10G 1/10 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal from rubber or rubber waste
• C10G 53/00 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by two or more refining processes
• C10G 53/04 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by two or more refining processes plural serial stages only including at least one extraction step
• C10G 53/08 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by two or more refining processes plural serial stages only including at least one sorption step
• C10G 55/04 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by at least one refining process and at least one cracking process plural serial stages only including at least one thermal cracking step
• C10G 21/28 - Recovery of used solvent

Abstract

An isolation joint is provided with a downhole tubular that has an expandable section which, in axial direction, is sandwiched between a first separator section and a second separator section of the downhole tubular. The expandable section has a circumferential band of increased wall thickness compared to the wall thicknesses of the first and second separator sections. Furthermore, the downhole tubular is provided with a mating support at a predetermined axial location relative to said at least expandable section, adapted for mating with the local expander device within said downhole tubular. This mating support ensures transversal alignment with of a local expander device with the downhole tubular such that the local expansion exclusively is activated within the expandable section.

IPC Classes  ?

• E21B 43/10 - Setting of casings, screens or liners in wells
• E21B 23/04 - Apparatus for displacing, setting, locking, releasing or removing tools, packers or the like in boreholes or wells operated by fluid means, e.g. actuated by explosion
• E21B 23/06 - Apparatus for displacing, setting, locking, releasing or removing tools, packers or the like in boreholes or wells for setting packers

Abstract

The invention relates to a process for the recovery of aliphatic hydrocarbons from a liquid stream comprising aliphatic hydrocarbons, heteroatom containing organic compounds and optionally aromatic hydrocarbons, involving a) liquid-liquid extraction of said liquid stream with an extraction solvent thereby recovering part of the aliphatic hydrocarbons; b1) mixing the extract stream, comprising extraction solvent, aliphatic hydrocarbons, heteroatom containing organic compounds and optionally aromatic hydrocarbons, with a demixing solvent to recover additional aliphatic hydrocarbons; b2) mixing the remaining stream with additional demixing solvent to remove heteroatom containing organic compounds and optional aromatic hydrocarbons; and c) separation of the remaining stream into a demixing solvent stream and an extraction solvent stream. Further, the invention relates to a process for the recovery of aliphatic hydrocarbons from plastics comprising the above-mentioned process; and to a process for steam cracking a hydrocarbon feed comprising aliphatic hydrocarbons as recovered in one of the above-mentioned processes.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 21/12 - Organic compounds only
• C10G 21/28 - Recovery of used solvent
• C10G 53/06 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by two or more refining processes plural serial stages only including at least one extraction step including only extraction steps, e.g. deasphalting by solvent treatment followed by extraction of aromatics
• C10G 1/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
• C10G 1/02 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by distillation
• C10G 1/10 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal from rubber or rubber waste
• C10G 55/04 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by at least one refining process and at least one cracking process plural serial stages only including at least one thermal cracking step

Abstract

The invention relates to a process for the recovery of aliphatic hydrocarbons from a liquid stream comprising aliphatic hydrocarbons, heteroatom containing organic compounds and optionally aromatic hydrocarbons, involving (i) contacting said liquid stream with a washing solvent thereby removing heteroatom containing organic compounds; a) liquid- liquid extraction of the washed stream with an extraction solvent thereby recovering part of the aliphatic hydrocarbons; b1) mixing the extract stream, comprising extraction solvent, aliphatic hydrocarbons, heteroatom containing organic compounds and optionally aromatic hydrocarbons, with a demixing solvent to recover additional aliphatic hydrocarbons; b2) mixing the remaining stream with additional demixing solvent to remove heteroatom containing organic compounds and optional aromatic hydrocarbons; and c) separation of the remaining stream into a demixing solvent stream and an extraction solvent stream. Further, the invention relates to a process for the recovery of aliphatic hydrocarbons from plastics comprising the above-mentioned process; and to a process for steam cracking a hydrocarbon feed comprising aliphatic hydrocarbons as recovered in one of the above-mentioned processes.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 1/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
• C10G 1/02 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by distillation
• C10G 1/10 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal from rubber or rubber waste
• C10G 21/28 - Recovery of used solvent
• C10G 53/06 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by two or more refining processes plural serial stages only including at least one extraction step including only extraction steps, e.g. deasphalting by solvent treatment followed by extraction of aromatics
• C10G 55/04 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by at least one refining process and at least one cracking process plural serial stages only including at least one thermal cracking step

Abstract

The invention relates to a process for the recovery of aliphatic hydrocarbons from a liquid stream comprising aliphatic hydrocarbons, heteroatom containing organic compounds and optionally aromatic hydrocarbons, involving (i) membrane separation of said liquid stream into a permeate stream, which is either (i) an aliphatic hydrocarbons-rich stream or (ii) a contaminant-rich stream, and a retentate stream comprising aliphatic hydrocarbons, heteroatom containing organic compounds and optionally aromatic hydrocarbons; and a) liquid-liquid extraction of at least part of the retentate stream with an extraction solvent a) to remove heteroatom containing organic compounds and optional aromatic hydrocarbons. Further, the invention relates to a process for the recovery of aliphatic hydrocarbons from plastics comprising the above-mentioned process; and to a process for steam cracking a hydrocarbon feed comprising aliphatic hydrocarbons as recovered in one of the above-mentioned processes.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 31/11 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by methods not otherwise provided for by dialysis
• C10G 21/06 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by extraction with selective solvents characterised by the solvent used
• C10G 53/04 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by two or more refining processes plural serial stages only including at least one extraction step
• C10G 1/10 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal from rubber or rubber waste
• C07C 7/144 - Purification, separation or stabilisation of hydrocarbons; Use of additives using membranes, e.g. selective permeation
• C10G 21/28 - Recovery of used solvent

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a process for generating a stripped fluid having reduced chloride content, the process comprising stripping chloride from a hydroprocessing effluent using a hot high pressure stripper to generate the stripped fluid and a vapour, wherein the stripped fluid comprises a lower chloride content than the hydroprocessing effluent, and wherein the vapour comprises chloride.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 45/02 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing

Abstract

The invention relates to a process for the recovery of aliphatic hydrocarbons from a liquid stream comprising aliphatic hydrocarbons, heteroatom containing organic compounds and optionally aromatic hydrocarbons, involving (i) contacting said liquid stream with a washing solvent thereby removing heteroatom containing organic compounds; a) liquid-liquid extraction of the washed stream with an extraction solvent; b) mixing the extract stream, comprising extraction solvent, heteroatom containing organic compounds and optionally aromatic hydrocarbons, with a demixing solvent to remove additional heteroatom containing organic compounds and optional aromatic hydrocarbons; and c) separation of the remaining stream into a demixing solvent stream and an extraction solvent stream. Further, the invention relates to a process for the recovery of aliphatic hydrocarbons from plastics comprising the above-mentioned process; and to a process for steam cracking a hydrocarbon feed comprising aliphatic hydrocarbons as recovered in one of the above-mentioned processes.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 53/04 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by two or more refining processes plural serial stages only including at least one extraction step
• C10G 21/06 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by extraction with selective solvents characterised by the solvent used
• C10G 21/28 - Recovery of used solvent
• C10G 1/10 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal from rubber or rubber waste

Abstract

The invention relates to a process for the recovery of aliphatic hydrocarbons from a liquid stream comprising aliphatic hydrocarbons, heteroatom containing organic compounds and optionally aromatic hydrocarbons, involving a) liquid-liquid extraction of said liquid stream with an extraction solvent; b) mixing the extract stream, comprising extraction solvent, heteroatom containing organic compounds and optionally aromatic hydrocarbons, with a demixing solvent to remove part of the heteroatom containing organic compounds and optional aromatic hydrocarbons; and c) separation of the remaining stream into a demixing solvent stream and an extraction solvent stream, wherein before and/or after step c) additional heteroatom containing organic compounds and optional aromatic hydrocarbons are removed from that remaining stream and/or from a stream resulting from step c), respectively, by contacting the latter stream (s) with a sorption agent. Further, the invention relates to a process for the recovery of aliphatic hydrocarbons from plastics comprising the above-mentioned process; and to a process for steam cracking a hydrocarbon feed comprising aliphatic hydrocarbons as recovered in one of the above-mentioned processes.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 53/04 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by two or more refining processes plural serial stages only including at least one extraction step
• C10G 53/08 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by two or more refining processes plural serial stages only including at least one sorption step
• C10G 1/00 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
• C10G 1/02 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal by distillation
• C10G 1/10 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal from rubber or rubber waste
• C10G 53/00 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by two or more refining processes
• C10G 55/00 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by at least one refining process and at least one cracking process
• C10G 55/04 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by at least one refining process and at least one cracking process plural serial stages only including at least one thermal cracking step

Abstract

The invention relates to a process for the recovery of aliphatic hydrocarbons from a liquid stream comprising aliphatic hydrocarbons, heteroatom containing organic compounds and optionally aromatic hydrocarbons, involving a) liquid-liquid extraction of said liquid stream with an extraction solvent; a1) membrane separation of the extract stream, comprising extraction solvent, heteroatom containing organic compounds and optionally aromatic hydrocarbons, into an extraction solvent-rich stream and a contaminant-rich stream comprising extraction solvent, heteroatom containing organic compounds and optionally aromatic hydrocarbons; b) mixing the contaminant-rich stream with a demixing solvent to remove heteroatom containing organic compounds and optional aromatic hydrocarbons; and c) separation of the remaining stream into a demixing solvent containing stream and an extraction solvent containing stream. Further, the invention relates to a process for the recovery of aliphatic hydrocarbons from plastics comprising the above-mentioned process; and to a process for steam cracking a hydrocarbon feed comprising aliphatic hydrocarbons as recovered in one of the above-mentioned processes.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 21/06 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by extraction with selective solvents characterised by the solvent used
• C10G 31/09 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by methods not otherwise provided for by filtration
• C10G 53/04 - Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by two or more refining processes plural serial stages only including at least one extraction step
• C10G 1/10 - Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal from rubber or rubber waste
• C10G 31/11 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by methods not otherwise provided for by dialysis
• C07C 7/144 - Purification, separation or stabilisation of hydrocarbons; Use of additives using membranes, e.g. selective permeation
• B01D 61/00 - Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
• C10G 21/28 - Recovery of used solvent

Abstract

The invention provides a process for the separation of a diol from a product stream. The process includes the steps of: i) separating the product stream comprising three or more C2 to C6 diols, C3 to C6 sugar alcohols, and C4 to C6 polyhydric alcohols with at least 3 hydroxyl groups in the molecule, and a catalyst, to produce a first stream comprising the three or more C2 to C6 diols; ii) separating the first stream comprising the three or moreC2 to C6 diols into a) a second stream comprising a first diol and unsaturated hydrocarbons and/or one or more compounds with a carbonyl group and b) a third stream comprising two or more diols; iii) hydrogenating the second stream comprising a first diol and unsaturated hydrocarbons and/or one or more compounds with a carbonyl group to provide a purified diol stream.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 29/132 - Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen-containing functional group
• C07C 29/84 - Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives by physical treatment by distillation by extractive distillation
• C07C 29/90 - Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives by treatment giving rise to a chemical modification of at least one compound using hydrogen only
• C07C 31/202 -

Abstract

The present invention provides a portable hydrogen dispensing system comprising: (a) a hydrogen dispensing module for dispensing hydrogen received from an external hydrogen source to a hydrogen receptacle in fluid communication with said hydrogen dispensing module, said hydrogen dispensing module is capable of dispensing hydrogen to the receptacle, (b) a power module for providing electricity to operate the portable hydrogen dispensing system, said power module is capable of receiving hydrogen from the external hydrogen source wherein said power module is configured to use a portion of the hydrogen received from the external hydrogen source to generate said electricity and wherein the power module is capable of generating at least all the electricity to operate the portable hydrogen dispensing system to enable operation of the portable hydrogen dispensing system to be independent of an external source of power; (c) a distribution module operable to (i) enable fluid communication between the external hydrogen source and the hydrogen dispensing module or isolate the hydrogen dispensing module from the hydrogen source, and (ii) enable fluid communication between the hydrogen source and the power module or isolate the power module from the hydrogen source, (d) a control module for operating the distribution module to (i) enable fluid communication between the hydrogen source and the hydrogen dispensing module, (ii) isolate the hydrogen dispensing module from the hydrogen source, (iii) enable fluid communication between the hydrogen source and the power module, or (iv) isolate the power module from the hydrogen source based at least on whether the portable hydrogen dispensing system is being connected to or disconnected from the hydrogen source,wherein said control module is configured to operate the hydrogen dispensing module to provide hydrogen to the hydrogen receptacle at a variable flow rate in a range from greater than zero grams/second to a maximum rate of 300 grams/second, wherein said hydrogen dispensing module is capable of operating at a variable flow rate as determined by the control module based at least on inputs comprising the pressure of hydrogen in the hydrogen receptacle and the pressure rating of the hydrogen receptacle; wherein said control module is configured to operate the power module to generate an amount of energy determined by the control module based at least on inputs comprising the power requirement of at least one of the hydrogen dispensing module, the distribution module, and the control module;wherein the distribution module, the hydrogen dispensing module, the power module, and the control module are secured in a manner to enable the portable hydrogen dispensing system to be transported from one location to another location.

IPC Classes  ?

• F17C 5/06 - Methods or apparatus for filling pressure vessels with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases for filling with compressed gases

Abstract

A method of drilling a relief well to intercept a target well in an Earth formation, wherein Measurement While Drilling (MWD) survey data is used for estimation of the distance to and the direction towards the target well without assumptions for the remnant magnetic field. The method uses a combination of MWD measurements and calculated 3D well paths for the accurate estimation of the distance to and the direction towards the target well.

IPC Classes  ?

• E21B 7/04 - Directional drilling
• E21B 47/0228 - Determining slope or direction of the borehole, e.g. using geomagnetism using electromagnetic energy or detectors therefor

Abstract

222222322 with a mono-alcohol to obtain the ester. The invention further relates to a system for converting CO2.

IPC Classes  ?

• C07C 51/00 - Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides, or anhydrides
• C07C 55/06 - Oxalic acid
• C07C 67/03 - Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by reacting an ester group with a hydroxy group
• C07C 67/08 - Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by reacting carboxylic acids or symmetrical anhydrides with the hydroxy or O-metal group of organic compounds
• C07C 69/36 - Oxalic acid esters
• C09K 17/18 - Prepolymers; Macromolecular compounds
• C08G 83/00 - Macromolecular compounds not provided for in groups

Abstract

A battery supercapacitor hybrid system using a double hybridization electrodes configuration via the chemical integration of different carbon and LTO -based nanomaterials components, including hybrids of lithium carboxylated CNTs and graphene, different types of functionalized carbon-based nanomaterials, crystalline nano-sized/nanostructured LTO embedded in carbon and LIB components.

IPC Classes  ?

• H01G 11/04 - Hybrid capacitors
• H01G 11/36 - Nanostructures, e.g. nanofibres, nanotubes or fullerenes
• H01G 11/50 - Electrodes characterised by their material specially adapted for lithium-ion capacitors, e.g. for lithium-doping or for intercalation
• H01G 11/06 - Hybrid capacitors with one of the electrodes allowing ions to be reversibly doped thereinto, e.g. lithium ion capacitors [LIC]
• H01M 12/02 - Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof - Details
• H01M 12/00 - Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof

Abstract

The present invention relates to an electric energy storage device, in particular a battery, at least comprising: —an anode comprising a divalent metal selected from magnesium, calcium, beryllium and zinc or a combination thereof or an alloy comprising at least one of these metals; —a cathode comprising elemental sulphur, or a sulphur-containing organosilane compound, or a mixture of sulphur-containing organosilane compounds, or a mixture of sulphur and sulphur-containing organosilane compounds grafted on the surface of the cathode; and—an electrolyte placed between the anode and the cathode; wherein the cathode comprises a current collector surface that has been at least partly modified by grafting the sulphur-containing organosilane compound or a mixture of sulphur-containing organosilane compounds thereon.

IPC Classes  ?

• H01M 4/60 - Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of organic compounds
• H01M 4/46 - Alloys based on magnesium or aluminium
• H01M 4/66 - Selection of materials
• H01M 10/054 - Accumulators with insertion or intercalation of metals other than lithium, e.g. with magnesium or aluminium

Abstract

A reactor system, which is active in pyrolyzing methane at effective conditions, comprising a molten salt medium and a reaction vessel, the molten salt being contained within the reaction vessel using various methods of catalyst distribution within the vessel such that when methane passes through the vessel, it comes into contact with said catalyst causing a pyrolysis reaction thereby producing molecular hydrogen with reduced carbon dioxide emissions. The catalyst may be placed within the reaction vessel either as suspended particles or in a structured packed form.

IPC Classes  ?

• C01B 3/26 - Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by decomposition of gaseous or liquid organic compounds of hydrocarbons using catalysts
• C01B 32/05 - Preparation or purification of carbon not covered by groups , , ,
• B01J 19/24 - Stationary reactors without moving elements inside

Abstract

It is an object of the present invention to obtain a lubricating oil composition for a transmission from which excellent performance can be obtained. The invention therefore provides a lubricating oil composition for a transmission comprises a base oil, and a poly(meth)acrylate and an olefin copolymer as a viscosity modifier. The ratio of the poly(meth)acrylate to the olefin copolymer in the viscosity modifier is 100:0 to 20:80 in terms of the mass percentage. The kinematic viscosity at 100°C of the composition is 5.5 mm 2/s or less, the viscosity index is 160 or more, the rate of decrease in the kinematic viscosity at 100°C after a KRL shear stability test (60°C, 20 hr) is 2% or less, and the amount of deposit in a panel coking test is 120 mg or less.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10M 169/04 - Mixtures of base-materials and additives

Abstract

The invention provides a lubricating oil composition comprising: a base oil; and coated particles made of nanoparticles and phosphonic acid coating at least a portion of the surface of the nanoparticles.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10M 125/00 - Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an inorganic material
• C10M 125/24 - Compounds containing phosphorus, arsenic or antimony

Abstract

The present invention provides an engine oil composition comprising:i) in the range of 70 to 95 percent by weight of a base oil, based on the overall weight of the engine oil composition;ii) in the range of 0.01 to 15 percent by weight of a dispersant comb polymer, based on the overall weight of the engine oil composition;wherein the dispersant comb polymer consists ofa. 13.7% by weight of a macromonomer, which is an ester of methacrylic acid and a hydroxylated hydrogenated polybutadiene with Mn of 4750 g/mol;b. 51.5 % by weight of n-butyl methacrylate;c. 17.3% by weight of LMA;d. 11.2% by weight of styrene;e. 0.2% by weight of methyl methacrylate; andf. 6.1% by weight of N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate;wherein the modified dispersant inhibitor package contains 30wt% or less of succinimide type dispersant based on the overall weight of the modified dispersant inhibitor additive package, and wherein the engine oil composition has an SAE viscosity grade of 0W-X, wherein X is 30 or less.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10M 169/04 - Mixtures of base-materials and additives
• C10N 30/06 - Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
• C10N 20/00 - Specified physical properties of component of lubricating compositions
• C10N 30/02 - Pour-point; Viscosity index
• C10N 30/00 - Specified physical or chemical property which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
• C10N 40/25 - Internal-combustion engines

Abstract

The specification discloses a highly macroporous catalyst for hydroprocessing and hydroconversion of heavy hydrocarbon feedstocks. The high macroporosity catalyst incudes an inorganic oxide, molybdenum, and nickel components. It has a pore structure such that at least 18 % of its total pore volume is in pores of a diameter greater than 5,000 angstroms and at least 25 % of its total pore volume is in pores of a diameter greater than 1,000 angstroms. Preferably, the pore structure is bimodal. The catalyst is made by co-mulling the catalytic components with a high molecular weight polyacrylamide followed by forming the co-mulled mixture into a particle or an extrudate. The particle or extrudate is dried and calcined under controlled calcination temperature conditions to yield a calcined particle or extrudate of the high macroporosity catalyst composition.

IPC Classes  ?

• B01J 23/883 - Molybdenum and nickel
• B01J 35/10 - Solids characterised by their surface properties or porosity
• B01J 37/00 - Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts