Abstract

Methods of treating a subterranean formation are disclosed in which a polymer, such as guar, cross-linked by boron-based cross-linker is stabilized. The methods including preparing a treatment fluid containing a particulate material, and a polymer gel cross-linked by borate-based cross-linker, placing the treatment fluid into a subterranean formation via a wellbore, and placing a low viscosity fluid into the wellbore, the low viscosity fluid including stabilization additives in an effective amount to delay or prevent dissolution or dispersion of the polymer gel cross-linked by borate-based cross-linker.

IPC Classes  ?

• E21B 43/267 - Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures reinforcing fractures by propping
• C09K 8/80 - Compositions for reinforcing fractures, e.g. compositions of proppants used to keep the fractures open
• C09K 8/90 - Compositions based on water or polar solvents containing organic compounds macromolecular compounds of natural origin, e.g. polysaccharides, cellulose

Abstract

Methods are described for treating a subterranean formation penetrated by a wellbore. The methods include injecting a treatment fluid into the wellbore. The treatment fluid has a pH in a range of from about 4.0 to about 9.0, and includes a carrier fluid, a proppant, and a degradable material which can improve proppant carrier properties of the treatment fluid. The degradable material may include stereocomplex polylactic acid, or stereocomplex polylactic acid stabilized by a carbodiimide compound. The degradable material is hydrolytically stable for at least 30 minutes at a temperature of from about 120°C to about 200°C, or from about 120°C to about 180°C.

IPC Classes  ?

• E21B 43/267 - Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures reinforcing fractures by propping
• C09K 8/80 - Compositions for reinforcing fractures, e.g. compositions of proppants used to keep the fractures open
• C09K 8/92 - Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation characterised by their form or by the form of their components, e.g. encapsulated material

Abstract

Methods of strengthening a proppant pack and resulting proppant pillar from both the inside and outside are described. Embodiments various additives to facilitate proppant/proppant interaction and modifying proppant surface to facilitate proppant interaction. Embodiments also include the use of protective coatings, some of which have embedded fibers or chemical moieties to divert flow from pillar.

IPC Classes  ?

• C09K 8/80 - Compositions for reinforcing fractures, e.g. compositions of proppants used to keep the fractures open
• C09K 8/92 - Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation characterised by their form or by the form of their components, e.g. encapsulated material
• E21B 43/267 - Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures reinforcing fractures by propping

Abstract

Methods of selection of materials that are used as a proppant for HPP fracturing treatments, also the procedure for the design of HPP treatment.

IPC Classes  ?

• E21B 43/26 - Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
• C09K 8/62 - Compositions for forming crevices or fractures
• C09K 8/80 - Compositions for reinforcing fractures, e.g. compositions of proppants used to keep the fractures open

Abstract

A packer assembly including a slip for anchoring and a mooring ring for enhancing the anchoring. The slip is configured with teeth for penetrating into a well tubular during anchoring whereas the mooring ring is configured with an outer surface for frictional engagement with the well tubular during anchoring. Thus, a degree of anchoring forces may be distributed through the mooring ring as opposed to through the isolated narrow region of the slip alone. Once more, the anchoring forces distributed through the mooring ring are translated in a penetration free manner relative the well tubular.

IPC Classes  ?

• E21B 33/12 - Packers; Plugs
• E21B 34/06 - Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells in wells
• E21B 23/00 - Apparatus for displacing, setting, locking, releasing or removing tools, packers or the like in boreholes or wells

Abstract

The invention relates to the oil and gas industry, and to methods for optimizing the hydraulic permeability of a fracture. Proposed is a composite propping agent having a partially soluble coating. The composite propping agent consists of a material in the form of particles, where each particle contains: a propping agent particle base; an outer polymer coating which is soluble or partially soluble in wellbore fluid, and which is applied to the propping agent particle base; and also, located in or on the outer polymer coating, microparticles having encapsulated agents which activate the bonding of propping agent particles when same come into contact with each other or with a formation, and being located at least in a portion of the outer polymer coating; wherein, the non-activated portion of the outer polymer coating is dissolved in wellbore fluid. The invention additionally relates to a method for the treatment of a subterranean formation.

IPC Classes  ?

• C09K 8/80 - Compositions for reinforcing fractures, e.g. compositions of proppants used to keep the fractures open
• E21B 43/267 - Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures reinforcing fractures by propping
• C09K 8/92 - Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation characterised by their form or by the form of their components, e.g. encapsulated material

Abstract

A method is for determining information about liquid droplet fallout during operation of a gas-liquid flare apparatus. The method includes disposing a plurality of tiles in a spaced apart fashion over a monitoring area. A gas hydrocarbon fuel is injected into the gas-liquid flare apparatus to create a combustible flow, and a test fluid is injected into the gas-liquid flare apparatus such that the test fluid is dispersed into the combustible flow. The combustible flow is combusted in in the gas-liquid flare apparatus, resulting in fallout of liquid droplets of the test fluid onto the plurality of tiles. Images of the liquid droplets on the plurality of tiles are analyzed so as to determine the information about liquid droplet fallout in the monitoring area, using a computer. The information about liquid droplet fallout may be used to estimate combustion inefficiency of the gas-liquid flare apparatus.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01N 21/956 - Inspecting patterns on the surface of objects
• G01N 1/38 - Diluting, dispersing or mixing samples
• F23C 1/08 - Combustion apparatus specially adapted for combustion of two or more kinds of fuel simultaneously or alternately, at least one kind of fuel being either a fluid fuel or a solid fuel suspended in air liquid and gaseous fuel

Abstract

Methods of treating a subterranean formation are disclosed that include introducing a treatment fluid including crimped fibers and a particulate material into a subterranean formation via a wellbore, and forming a plurality of bulky fibrous flocks including the crimped fibers and particulate material.

IPC Classes  ?

• E21B 43/267 - Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures reinforcing fractures by propping
• C09K 8/80 - Compositions for reinforcing fractures, e.g. compositions of proppants used to keep the fractures open
• C09K 8/92 - Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation characterised by their form or by the form of their components, e.g. encapsulated material

Abstract

The invention relates to the oil and gas industry. Proposed is a method for producing hydrophobic proppant agglomerates in a water-based liquid carrier, which do not mix with the liquid carrier and which are buoyant or partially buoyant therein, the method including mixing the liquid carrier with the following components: a) hydrophilic proppant particles; b) at least one liquid organic hydrophobic phase; c) an additive which lowers the specific weight; d) a surfactant; and e) fine binder particles; wherein the agglomerates are formed by agglomeration in the hydrophobic phase. The invention also relates to a method of using the produced hydrophobic proppant agglomerates in the hydraulic fracturing of a subterranean formation.

IPC Classes  ?

• C09K 8/80 - Compositions for reinforcing fractures, e.g. compositions of proppants used to keep the fractures open
• C09K 8/88 - Compositions based on water or polar solvents containing organic compounds macromolecular compounds
• E21B 43/267 - Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures reinforcing fractures by propping

Abstract

Various implementations directed to analyzing a reservoir using fluid analysis are provided. In one implementation, a method may include determining mud gas logging (MGL) data based on drilling mud associated with a wellbore traversing a reservoir of interest. The method may also include determining first downhole fluid analysis (DFA) data based on a first reservoir fluid sample obtained at a first measurement station in the wellbore. The method may further include determining predicted DFA data for the wellbore based on the first DFA data. The method may additionally include determining second DFA data based on a second reservoir fluid sample obtained at a second measurement station in the wellbore. The method may further include analyzing the reservoir based on a comparison of the MGL data and a comparison of the second DFA data to the predicted DFA data.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01V 9/00 - Prospecting or detecting by methods not provided for in groups
• E21B 49/00 - Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
• E21B 49/08 - Obtaining fluid samples or testing fluids, in boreholes or wells

Abstract

The applications relates to preparation of brines using non-aqueous solvents and methods of use thereof in oilfields.

IPC Classes  ?

• C09K 8/32 - Non-aqueous well-drilling compositions, e.g. oil-based
• C09K 8/40 - Spacer compositions, e.g. compositions used to separate well-drilling from cementing masses
• C09K 8/42 - Compositions for cementing, e.g. for cementing casings into boreholes; Compositions for plugging, e.g. for killing wells
• C09K 8/58 - Compositions for enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons, i.e. for improving the mobility of the oil, e.g. displacing fluids
• C09K 8/66 - Compositions based on water or polar solvents
• C09K 8/68 - Compositions based on water or polar solvents containing organic compounds

Abstract

A method for treating a subterranean coalbed methane formation including injecting a composition containing an anionic viscoelastic surfactant and an acid- generating material, degrading the acid-generating material in the subterranean coalbed methane formation to release an acid, and changing a wettability of a surface of the subterranean coalbed methane formation from hydrophilic to hydrophobic due to a reaction of the acid with the anionic viscoelastic surfactant.

IPC Classes  ?

• E21B 43/22 - Use of chemicals or bacterial activity
• C09K 8/58 - Compositions for enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons, i.e. for improving the mobility of the oil, e.g. displacing fluids

Abstract

A technique facilitates the use of capacitors in a subterranean environment. A well tool is constructed for deployment in a borehole and comprises a capacitor bank. The capacitor bank is prepared by electrically linking capacitors in series and in parallel. Additionally, the capacitor bank is electrically coupled with a circuit board which may be mounted to a body of the well tool. The capacitor bank is mounted in a shock isolating relationship with respect to the body of the well tool so as to protect the capacitor bank during deployment and operation in a subterranean, e.g. wellbore, environment.

IPC Classes  ?

• E21B 43/1185 - Ignition systems
• E21B 47/01 - Devices for supporting measuring instruments on drill bits, pipes, rods or wirelines; Protecting measuring instruments in boreholes against heat, shock, pressure or the like

Abstract

A barrier surface for downhole elastomeric components is provided. In an implementation, an elastomeric component for downhole employment, such as a seal for an electric submersible pump (ESP), is composed of a perfluorinated elastomeric base material protected by a barrier surface layer composed of a fluoropolymer or a polyaryletherketone, to isolate the perfluorinated elastomeric base from high-temperature and chemically aggressive well fluids. The barrier surface layer increases the working life of the elastomeric component by preventing high-temperature hydration of polymer crosslinks in the underlying perfluorinated elastomeric base material, and by increasing lubricity of the outer surface. A blocking agent, such as nanoscale clay, carbon black, talc, mica, silica, graphene, graphite nanoplatelets, metal particles, or metal nanoparticles may also be added to the barrier surface layer to further armor the barrier surface against well fluids.

IPC Classes  ?

• E21B 10/00 - Drill bits
• E21B 17/00 - Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Casings; Tubings

Abstract

A method of producing hydrocarbons from a well includes optimizing a treatment schedule of a hydraulic fracturing process to be performed on a well based on a formation model that predicts a modification to a geological formation based by a hydraulic fracturing process and a modified formation model, based on the modification,that predicts production of a well. The method may further include updating a treatment schedule of the hydraulic fracturing process to form an updated treatment schedule, performing a hydraulic fracturing process on a well based on the updated treatment schedule to form a fractured well, and producing hydrocarbons from the fractured well.

IPC Classes  ?

• E21B 43/26 - Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
• E21B 17/12 - Devices for placing or drawing out wear protectors
• G06F 19/00 - Digital computing or data processing equipment or methods, specially adapted for specific applications (specially adapted for specific functions G06F 17/00;data processing systems or methods specially adapted for administrative, commercial, financial, managerial, supervisory or forecasting purposes G06Q;healthcare informatics G16H)

Abstract

A method of treating a subterranean formation which includes: sealing at least one zone of a wellbore with at least one removable sealing agent; selectively removing the removable sealing agent from at least one target zone; and treating the at least one target zone is disclosed.

IPC Classes  ?

• E21B 43/26 - Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
• E21B 33/12 - Packers; Plugs
• C09K 8/00 - Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations

Abstract

Fluid compositions comprising an aqueous base fluid, one or more fibers and one or more swellable polymers are useful for curing lost circulation in subterranean wells. One method for applying the fluid composition comprises circulating a drilling fluid in a wellbore, encountering a region in the wellbore from which drilling fluid escapes into a surrounding formation, preparing the composition, placing the composition in the wellbore adjacent to the region from which drilling fluid escapes, allowing the fibers to penetrate formation openings and form a bridge, and introducing an activation fluid that causes the swellable polymers to expand, thereby forming a plug.

IPC Classes  ?

• C09K 8/487 - Fluid loss control additives; Additives for reducing or preventing circulation loss
• E21B 33/138 - Plastering the borehole wall; Injecting into the formation

Abstract

A fracture treatment method includes forming propped regions having an optimized conductivity. Also disclosed are systems to treat a fracture interval and to produce reservoir fluids from a formation.

IPC Classes  ?

• E21B 43/267 - Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures reinforcing fractures by propping
• C09K 8/80 - Compositions for reinforcing fractures, e.g. compositions of proppants used to keep the fractures open

Abstract

Methods of treating a subterranean formation are disclosed that include introducing a treatment fluid including shaped particle and/or shaped uniform particles into a subterranean formation via a wellbore, and creating a plug including the shaped particle and/or shaped uniform particles of the treatment fluid.

IPC Classes  ?

• E21B 43/267 - Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures reinforcing fractures by propping
• C09K 8/70 - Compositions for forming crevices or fractures characterised by their form or by the form of their components, e.g. foams

Abstract

A narrow bandpass filter that may be used in a mid-infrared sensor for monitoring a species, which may be a component of a fluid or a solid material. The filter comprises a cavity comprising a low refractive index material. By providing a high ratio of low refractive index material in the filter with respective to high refractive index material, the filter is configured so that wavelength transmission remains constant with varying temperature. Materials used for the low and/or high refractive index provide a temperature invariant filter that transmits mid-infrared spectra without serious degradation.

IPC Classes  ?

• G02B 5/20 - Filters

Abstract

A packer assembly constructed of individual slip segments which interlock to permit radial expansion and restrict axial movement. The slip segments are moved outwardly to set the packer by an actuator. Individual slip segments are easily and inexpensively manufactured.

IPC Classes  ?

• E21B 33/12 - Packers; Plugs
• E21B 33/129 - Packers; Plugs with mechanical slips for hooking into the casing
• E21B 23/06 - Apparatus for displacing, setting, locking, releasing or removing tools, packers or the like in boreholes or wells for setting packers

Abstract

Rotation control for an electric submersible pump (ESP) is provided. In one possible implementation, a controller dynamically measures a motor condition, such as an ongoing temperature, of a turned-off AC motor of an electric submersible pump (ESP) and injects a current to the motor to lock or slow down passive rotation of the motor caused by flow-through pumped from another ESP in the well. The controller dynamically varies the current to maintain the temperature of the motor below a safety threshold, in order to lock the ESP for long durations. The controller may apply a current through certain phase(s) of the AC motor, and then switch phases when a temperature of motor windings associated with the current phase exceed a given threshold. The controller may taper the current to obtain a desired balance of rotational lock or slowdown versus rising motor temperature caused by the application of the locking current.

IPC Classes  ?

• E21B 43/12 - Methods or apparatus for controlling the flow of the obtained fluid to or in wells
• F04D 13/08 - Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being electrically driven for submerged use
• F04D 13/10 - Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being electrically driven for submerged use adapted for use in mining bore holes
• F04D 15/00 - Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations, or systems

Abstract

Representative implementations of devices and techniques provide enhanced electrical conductor insulation. For example, the enhanced electrical conductor insulation is resistant to hydrolysis which can accompany the use of the electrical conductor in a harsh environment, such as a high-temperature and/or high-pressure environment. In one example, the enhanced insulation can reduce a degradation rate of a dielectric layer of the electrical conductor. In other examples, the devices and techniques can improve hydrolysis resistance for other components of an electrical motor, such as an electric submersible pump motor, for instance.

IPC Classes  ?

• H01R 4/70 - Insulation of connections
• E21B 17/02 - Couplings; Joints
• E21B 19/16 - Connecting or disconnecting pipe couplings or joints

Abstract

An electric submersible pump motor can include a housing; a cavity defined at least in part by the housing; a rotor disposed in the cavity; a stator disposed in the cavity where the stator includes stator laminations and stator windings disposed at least in part in slots of the stator laminations; and stator slot liners disposed at least in part in the slots of the stator laminations where the stator slot liners include polytetrafluoroethylene and/or expanded polytetrafluoroethylene.

IPC Classes  ?

• H02K 1/12 - Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
• H02K 15/02 - Methods or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining or repairing of dynamo-electric machines of stator or rotor bodies

Abstract

A sensor assembly for passive detections of downhole well features. Embodiments include a casing collar locator assembly that utilizes fiber optics in combination with a magneto-responsive sensor to detect casing collars and provide real-time location information in a well. The sensor may be configured to work with a poled monolithic structure that is dimensionally responsive to voltage in a way that substantially eliminates noise during detections. Additionally, the sensor may be intentionally imbalanced, utilizing multiple fibers of different lengths and multiple wavelength monitoring so as to provide enhanced directional information as well as allow operators to decipher and address circumstances of polarization fade.

IPC Classes  ?

• E21B 47/00 - Survey of boreholes or wells
• G01V 3/18 - Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination or deviation specially adapted for well-logging
• G01V 3/38 - Processing data, e.g. for analysis, for interpretation or for correction

Abstract

Methods and apparatuses for hydraulically fracturing a subterranean wellbore while drilling and/or tripping are disclosed. A method for hydraulically fracturing a subterranean formation may include rotating a drill string to drill the wellbore and hydraulically fracturing the subterranean formation at a plurality of axially spaced locations along the wellbore while tripping the drill string out of the wellbore. The drill string may include a hydraulic fracturing assembly. The hydraulic fracturing operation may include translating the drill string in an uphole direction so that a set of frac ports in the hydraulic fracturing assembly is adjacent a region of the formation selected for fracturing, expanding at least one pair of packers to seal an annular region of the wellbore exterior to the frac ports, and pumping fracturing fluid downhole through the frac ports to hydraulically fracture the subterranean formation.

IPC Classes  ?

• E21B 43/26 - Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
• E21B 33/12 - Packers; Plugs
• E21B 17/00 - Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Casings; Tubings

Abstract

A method of treating a subterranean formation from a well, the method which comprises preparing a proppant slurry which comprises (a) proppant particles and (b) a first carrier fluid; preparing a proppant free injection liquid which comprises a second carrier fluid wherein the first and second carrier fluids are immiscible and wherein no proppant is intentionally added to the proppant free injection liquid; and injecting the proppant slurry and the proppant free injection liquid into the formation, is provided.

IPC Classes  ?

• E21B 43/267 - Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures reinforcing fractures by propping
• C09K 8/80 - Compositions for reinforcing fractures, e.g. compositions of proppants used to keep the fractures open
• C09K 8/92 - Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation characterised by their form or by the form of their components, e.g. encapsulated material

Abstract

A technique facilitates rigless deployment of a pumping system, e.g. an electric submersible pumping system, to a desired downhole location. The pumping system is coupled to an electrical cable which is routed through an injector head. The pumping system is supported on the electrical cable and conveyed downhole to the desired position in a wellbore via the injection head. The system and methodology enable deployment of the electrical cable directly through the injector head without coiled tubing.

IPC Classes  ?

• E21B 19/02 - Rod or cable suspensions
• E21B 23/14 - Apparatus for displacing, setting, locking, releasing or removing tools, packers or the like in boreholes or wells for displacing a cable or a cable-operated tool, e.g. for logging or perforating operations in deviated wells

Abstract

A technique facilitates construction and use of power cables, such as power cables employed in downhole well applications. A power cable is formed with a plurality of conductors in which each conductor has sides extending outwardly from a center region of the power cable. The sides form an angle with respect to each other to facilitate a compact arrangement of electrical conductors. Additionally, the individual electrical conductors may be insulated, and the plurality of conductors may be surrounded with at least one outer protective layer.

IPC Classes  ?

• E21B 47/02 - Determining slope or direction
• H01B 9/06 - Gas-pressure cables; Oil-pressure cables; Cables for use in conduits under fluid pressure
• H04B 3/02 - Line transmission systems - Details

Abstract

A technique facilitates coupling of pumping system sections which may be in the form of electric submersible pumping system sections. Adjacent pumping system sections are coupled together by a connector which comprises a base and a head threadably engaged with the base. The connector also comprises a torque lock mechanism which engages both the base and the head to prevent unwanted relative rotation between the base and the head. The torque lock mechanism thus secures the coupling against inadvertent separation after the head and the base are threadably engaged.

IPC Classes  ?

• E21B 17/02 - Couplings; Joints
• E21B 19/16 - Connecting or disconnecting pipe couplings or joints

Abstract

A co-molded seal element can include a first portion that includes a first polymeric material; a second portion that includes a second polymeric material; and an interface portion that includes crosslinks between the first polymeric material and the second polymeric material.

IPC Classes  ?

• F16J 15/02 - Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces
• F16J 15/10 - Sealings between relatively-stationary surfaces with solid packing compressed between sealing surfaces with non-metallic packing
• E21B 17/00 - Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Casings; Tubings

Abstract

A test method and apparatus employs a microfluidic device to characterize properties of a fluid. The microfluidic device has an inlet port, an outlet port, and a microchannel as part of a fluid path between the inlet port and the outlet port. While a fluid is introduced into the microchannel, the fluid temperature is maintained while the fluid pressure in the microchannel is varied to characterize the properties of the fluid in the microchannel. The properties of the fluid can relate to a scale onset condition of the fluid at the pressure of the flow through the microchannel. In one aspect, fluid pressure in the microchannel is maintained while the fluid temperature is varied to characterize the properties of the fluid. In another aspect, flow rate of the fluid through the microchannel is varied while the fluid temperature is maintained to characterize the properties of the fluid in the microchannel.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01N 11/00 - Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity or plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties
• G01N 11/02 - Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity or plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties by measuring flow of the material
• G01N 7/00 - Analysing materials by measuring the pressure or volume of a gas or vapour
• G01N 21/84 - Systems specially adapted for particular applications
• B81B 1/00 - Devices without movable or flexible elements, e.g. microcapillary devices

Abstract

An electric submersible pump (ESP) can include a shaft; an electric motor configured to rotatably drive the shaft; a housing; a stack of diffusers disposed in the housing; impellers operatively coupled to the shaft; and a pressure balance sleeve disposed at least in part between one of the diffusers and one of the impellers where the pressure balance sleeve includes a radially facing opening that, in an open state, is in fluid communication with a fluid recirculation passage of the one of the impellers.

IPC Classes  ?

• F04D 13/06 - Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being electrically driven
• F04D 13/08 - Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being electrically driven for submerged use

Abstract

Methods for treating and restoring zonal isolation in a subterranean well involve the use of a well treatment tool that may drill one or more holes in casing and inject a treatment fluid that may seal cracks or fissures in the cement sheath behind the casing. Microannuli may also be sealed. The treatment fluids may be solids free or in the form of suspensions containing solids having a particle size between 1 nm and 100 nm.

IPC Classes  ?

• C09K 8/42 - Compositions for cementing, e.g. for cementing casings into boreholes; Compositions for plugging, e.g. for killing wells
• E21B 27/02 - Dump bailers, i.e. containers for depositing substances, e.g. cement or acids
• E21B 33/13 - Methods or devices for cementing, for plugging holes, crevices, or the like
• C09K 8/52 - Compositions for preventing, limiting or eliminating depositions, e.g. for cleaning

Abstract

A method of reservoir analysis for a reservoir of interest, which includes obtaining a crude oil sample originating from the reservoir of interest. Oil-water interfacial tension of the crude oil sample is measured. An empirical model that relates oil-water interfacial tension of the crude oil sample to concentration of at least one organic acid species in the crude oil sample is calibrated based on the measured oil-water interfacial tension of the crude oil sample. The concentration of the at least one organic acid species in the crude oil sample may be absolute or relative. At least one reservoir parameter characteristic of the reservoir of interest can be calculated based on the calibrated empirical model.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01N 33/28 - Oils
• G01N 31/00 - Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroups; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods

Abstract

Evaluating material sample structural changes resulting from acting upon a sample involving scanning at least one sample of material before and after acting upon same, and correspondingly obtaining a first image and a second image of each sample. Combining both images in full resolution, using at least one portion of the first image and one portion of the second image of each sample, said portions corresponding to the same area of the sample. Analyzing the combined images and evaluating the changes which have taken place in each sample as a result of being acted upon.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01B 11/30 - Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring roughness or irregularity of surfaces

Abstract

A borehole seismic sensing fiber optic tool comprises a fiber optic cable to be lowered in a borehole and at least one resonator array disposed on the fiber optic cable. Each array comprises at least one active element having resonance self-frequency in a range of frequencies of seismic waves to be measured.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01V 8/24 - Detecting, e.g. by using light barriers using multiple transmitters or receivers using optical fibres
• G01H 9/00 - Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means

Abstract

A method may include selecting various activities for determining an assessment. The method may further include obtaining activity data regarding the selected activities. The activity data may describe the performance of a portion of the selected activities. The method may further include identifying, using the activity data, various completed activities from the selected activities. The method may further include computing, using various scoring parameters, various activity scores from the completed activities. The scoring parameters may determine the activity scores based on a contribution of the completed activities towards the assessment. The method may further include computing an assessment score based on the activity scores. The method may further include generating, using the assessment score, an assessment report. The method may further include transmitting the assessment report.

IPC Classes  ?

• G06Q 50/06 - Electricity, gas or water supply

Abstract

A method for designing a well, including: determining a first well construction discipline for a first participant and an authority level for the first participant within the first well construction discipline; obtaining a plurality of rules corresponding to the first well construction discipline and the authority level for the first participant within the first well construction discipline; operating, based on the plurality of rules, an interface that restricts decision options for the first participant; receiving a decision associated with the well and based on the interface from the first participant; and updating a design of the well based on the decision.

IPC Classes  ?

• G06F 17/50 - Computer-aided design
• E21B 41/00 - Equipment or details not covered by groups
• G06F 7/60 - Methods or arrangements for performing computations using a digital non-denominational number representation, i.e. number representation without radix; Computing devices using combinations of denominational and non-denominational quantity representations

Abstract

Cement slurries are prepared that comprise water and a blend comprising an inorganic cement and at least one mineral. The slurries may have a solid volume fraction between 0.3 and 0.4, and the cement may be present at concentrations between 30% and 70% by volume of blend. The slurries may be placed in a subterranean well and allowed to harden and form set cements.

IPC Classes  ?

• C09K 8/467 - Compositions for cementing, e.g. for cementing casings into boreholes; Compositions for plugging, e.g. for killing wells containing inorganic binders, e.g. Portland cement containing additives for specific purposes
• C04B 28/02 - Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
• C09K 8/48 - Density increasing or weighting additives

Abstract

Distributed fiber optic monitoring of vibration within a region of interest includes acquiring distributed vibration data from optical backscatter generated in response to an interrogating pulse of optical energy launched into an optical fiber deployed in a region of interest having a fluid flow, and generating a noise log from the distributed vibration data that includes a plurality of traces representing vibration energy above or below selected frequencies at a plurality of locations in the region of interest. Characteristics of the fluid flow in the region of interest are then determined based on the noise log.

IPC Classes  ?

• E21B 47/00 - Survey of boreholes or wells
• G01V 1/40 - Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting specially adapted for well-logging
• G01V 1/48 - Processing data

Abstract

A permanent magnet rotor for electric submersible pumps is provided. An example 2-pole rotor pack for an ESP has curved north and south pole magnets each spanning, for example, 150 degrees of a circumference of the rotor. A high-temperature glue containing a damping agent protects the magnets from cracking during thermal cycling. A magnetically transparent, high-strength amorphous or fiber-reinforced wrap is applied around the rotor to bind the magnets to the rotor and protect brittle magnets from high centrifugal forces. A layer of tough, high-temperature nylon or polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) may encase the outside of the 2-pole rotor pack to protect from corrosives, abrasives, and aggressive chemicals in a well. The 2-pole rotor can rotate twice as fast as a 4-pole rotor at the same AC frequency, or can use one-half the AC frequency as a 4-pole rotor to rotate the same speed as a 4-pole rotor.

IPC Classes  ?

• H02K 1/27 - Rotor cores with permanent magnets
• H02K 1/28 - Means for mounting or fastening rotating magnetic parts on to, or to, the rotor structures
• H02K 21/14 - Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets rotating within the armatures
• F04B 17/03 - Pumps characterised by combination with, or adaptation to, specific driving engines or motors driven by electric motors

Abstract

In accordance to one or more aspects of the disclosure an indexing track for controlling a dual valve assembly includes a plurality of interconnected pressure-up and pressure-down slots that define sequence paths to translate the pin and to actuate the dual valve assembly to a first position when the pin is in a first track position, to a second position when the pin is in a mid-track position, and a third position when the pin is in a third track position.

IPC Classes  ?

• E21B 34/06 - Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells in wells
• E21B 43/12 - Methods or apparatus for controlling the flow of the obtained fluid to or in wells

Abstract

The claimed invention relates to downhole systems for extracting various fluids and, in particular, for extracting fluid from a hydrocarbon-containing formation by hydraulic fracturing. According to the proposed method, a hydraulic fracturing fluid which does not contain a proppant is pumped into a wellbore, thus creating a fracture in a formation, and hydraulic fracturing fluid is introduced into the wellbore in a pulsed mode, said pulsed mode entailing the presence of at least one pulse for the injection of a hydraulic fracturing fluid which contains a proppant and at least one pulse for the injection of a hydraulic fracturing fluid which does not contain a proppant. Also proposed are methods for extracting and pumping a fluid. Also proposed are methods for extracting, pumping and recovering fluids using a hydraulic fracturing method. The proposed method makes it possible to extend the life of a well by reducing the effect of liquid on the walls of a fracture and on proppant clusters.

IPC Classes  ?

• E21B 43/267 - Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures reinforcing fractures by propping
• E21B 28/00 - Vibration generating arrangements for boreholes or wells, e.g. for stimulating production
• C09K 8/80 - Compositions for reinforcing fractures, e.g. compositions of proppants used to keep the fractures open

Abstract

This invention relates to the oil and gas industry, and more particularly to a composite proppant modified by a polymer carrier for improved transport properties and the delayed release of inhibitors from the proppant. Proposed is a composite proppant, comprising at least one solid particle attached to at least one polymer carrier, which reduces the settling rate of the composite proppant, said polymer carrier comprising admixtures of at least one inhibitor of the formation of inorganic or organic deposits. The invention also relates to a method for producing such a composite proppant and to methods for using said proppant in the hydraulic fracturing of subterranean formations and the treatment of organic minerals during borehole mining after the hydraulic fracturing of a subterranean formation.

IPC Classes  ?

• C09K 8/80 - Compositions for reinforcing fractures, e.g. compositions of proppants used to keep the fractures open
• C09K 8/92 - Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation characterised by their form or by the form of their components, e.g. encapsulated material
• E21B 43/267 - Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures reinforcing fractures by propping
• E21B 37/06 - Methods or apparatus for cleaning boreholes or wells using chemical means for preventing or limiting the deposition of paraffins or like substances

Abstract

Vertical seismic profiling data from a geological environment are registered, at least one evaluation is made of a local dip of a model of the geological environment, and at least one dynamic evaluation of the dip is made for at least one type of wave excited by sources and registered by receivers, using wave motion direction vectors. The difference is calculated between the evaluation of the local dip of the model and the dynamic evaluation of the dip. At least one weight coefficient is calculated based on the difference between the evaluation of the local dip of the model and the dynamic evaluation of the dip, and the resultant weight coefficient is used for determining at least one formula for forming images using elastic waves, applying reverse-time migration and taking into consideration the dip angle of the geological environment. The derived formula is applied to the obtained vertical seismic profiling data, with the subsequent formation of at least one image of the geological strata.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01V 1/28 - Processing seismic data, e.g. analysis, for interpretation, for correction
• G06T 15/00 - 3D [Three Dimensional] image rendering

Abstract

A method can include receiving a geomechanical model associated with a geologic environment that includes a borehole where the geomechanical model includes a vertical dimension and lateral dimensions and where the borehole includes a lateral extent that spans a lateral distance in the geologic environment; conditioning the geomechanical model to provide a conditioned geomechanical model that includes representations of structural features based at least in part on borehole-wall image data of at least a portion of the lateral extent of the borehole; and determining a stress field for at least a portion of the geologic environment using the conditioned geomechanical model. The step of conditioning the geomechanical model can optionally include conditioning the geomechanical model to provide a conditioned geomechanical model that comprises representations of structural features based at least in part on sub-surface tool data of a substantially lateral extent of the geologic environment.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01V 3/18 - Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination or deviation specially adapted for well-logging
• G01V 1/28 - Processing seismic data, e.g. analysis, for interpretation, for correction
• G01V 1/48 - Processing data
• G01V 3/38 - Processing data, e.g. for analysis, for interpretation or for correction
• G01V 5/04 - Prospecting or detecting by the use of nuclear radiation, e.g. of natural or induced radioactivity specially adapted for well-logging
• G01V 8/00 - Prospecting or detecting by optical means
• G06F 19/00 - Digital computing or data processing equipment or methods, specially adapted for specific applications (specially adapted for specific functions G06F 17/00;data processing systems or methods specially adapted for administrative, commercial, financial, managerial, supervisory or forecasting purposes G06Q;healthcare informatics G16H)

Abstract

A technique facilitates downhole operations, such as cementing operations. The technique utilizes a running string having a hydraulically actuated setting tool. A liner is suspended from the running string via a releasable mechanism. A liner hanger assembly is coupled with the liner and mechanically linked with the hydraulically actuated setting tool. Hydraulic actuation of the setting tool causes mechanical actuation of the liner hanger assembly. The structure enables use of a liner hanger assembly which does not have a hydraulic actuation piston.

IPC Classes  ?

• E21B 23/01 - Apparatus for displacing, setting, locking, releasing or removing tools, packers or the like in boreholes or wells for anchoring the tools or the like
• E21B 43/10 - Setting of casings, screens or liners in wells

Abstract

A technique facilitates pressure containment with a retrievable cement bushing. The retrievable cement bushing comprises a body having an internal longitudinal passage. Additionally, the retrievable cement bushing comprises an engagement lug which cooperates with a sleeve. The engagement lug is mounted on the body and is movable to a radially outward position for engagement with a corresponding portion of a surrounding wall, e.g an internal packer wall. The sleeve is sized to receive a slick joint therethrough and is movable to a radially inward position relative to the engagement lug so as to hold the engagement lug in the radially outward position. The sleeve protects the slick joint from inwardly directed loading via the engagement lug when the retrievable cement bushing is subjected to differential pressures.

IPC Classes  ?

• E21B 33/12 - Packers; Plugs
• E21B 33/13 - Methods or devices for cementing, for plugging holes, crevices, or the like
• E21B 23/06 - Apparatus for displacing, setting, locking, releasing or removing tools, packers or the like in boreholes or wells for setting packers

Abstract

Proppant transport assist in low viscosity treatment fluids. Treatment fluids and methods use fiber to inhibit proppant settling without an unacceptable bridging tendency.

IPC Classes  ?

• E21B 43/267 - Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures reinforcing fractures by propping
• C09K 8/80 - Compositions for reinforcing fractures, e.g. compositions of proppants used to keep the fractures open
• C09K 8/92 - Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation characterised by their form or by the form of their components, e.g. encapsulated material

Abstract

Proppant transport assist in low viscosity treatment fluids. Treatment fluids and methods use fiber containing 0.1 to 20 wt% silicones to inhibit proppant settling without an unacceptable bridging tendency.

IPC Classes  ?

• E21B 43/267 - Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures reinforcing fractures by propping
• C09K 8/80 - Compositions for reinforcing fractures, e.g. compositions of proppants used to keep the fractures open
• C09K 8/92 - Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation characterised by their form or by the form of their components, e.g. encapsulated material

Abstract

A technique facilitates operation of a running string of the type used to run and set a liner hanger system in a wellbore. The running string comprises a pressure equalizer sub. The pressure equalizer sub is constructed to equalize pressure between an exterior and an interior of the running string. The exterior of the running string may be the annulus between the running string and a liner or liner component of the liner hanger system. The pressure equalizer sub has components and features constructed and arranged to provide a simple and dependable technique for pressure equalization. Additionally, the pressure equalizer sub enables pressure equalization in a passive manner that does not involve operator action.

IPC Classes  ?

• E21B 23/00 - Apparatus for displacing, setting, locking, releasing or removing tools, packers or the like in boreholes or wells
• E21B 43/10 - Setting of casings, screens or liners in wells

Abstract

Adding shapeable particles to drilling fluids may be useful for curing lost circulation. When the shapeable particles are pumped downhole through the drillpipe and the drillbit, they may deform when exposed to shear as they pass through the drillbit nozzles. While circulating back toward the surface they may relax at least partially and assume the shape of cracks or voids they encounter along the formation wall, thereby stopping losses.

IPC Classes  ?

• C09K 8/00 - Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
• C09K 8/035 - Organic additives
• E21B 33/138 - Plastering the borehole wall; Injecting into the formation

Abstract

The present invention can be used in the oil and gas industry and relates to a method for modifying and delivering proppants (propping agents) during well operations, in particular hydraulic fracturing and/or gravel packing. By modifying the surface of a proppant using an emulsified treatment material, the invention makes it possible, in the case of hydraulic fracturing operations, to provide the efficient delivery of proppant deep into remote regions of a fracture and also to provide the non-uniform distribution of proppant by means of particle aggregation, and makes it possible, in the case of gravel packing operations, to maintain circulation of a proppant suspension for the uniform deposition of proppant in the requisite locations in a wellbore. The present invention is intended to solve the problems of creating: a method for modifying the surface of a propping agent during well operations; a method for delivering a propping agent into a subsurface formation; a hydraulic fracturing method; and also a gravel packing method.

IPC Classes  ?

• C09K 8/80 - Compositions for reinforcing fractures, e.g. compositions of proppants used to keep the fractures open
• C09K 8/92 - Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation characterised by their form or by the form of their components, e.g. encapsulated material
• E21B 43/267 - Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures reinforcing fractures by propping

Abstract

Cement compositions comprise water, a hydraulic cement and an encapsulated silicate. The silicate may be released from the capsules by exposure to mechanical stress, heat, dissolution, swelling or coating degradation. Upon release, the silicate reacts with calcium hydroxide in the cement matrix to form calcium silicate hydrate. The consumption of calcium hydroxide renders the set cement more resistant to deterioration upon exposure to carbon dioxide, sulfates or both.

IPC Classes  ?

• E21B 33/14 - Methods or devices for cementing, for plugging holes, crevices, or the like for cementing casings into boreholes

Abstract

A method, apparatus, and program product model stress characteristics of a subsurface formation based at least in part on acoustic data and image data associated with the subsurface formation. The acoustic data is analyzed to determine acoustic based stress values,and the image data is analyzed to determine image based stress values. The acoustic based stress values and the image based stress values are integrated to generate an integrated stress profile that includes one or more modeled stress characteristics of the subsurface volume.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01V 1/50 - Analysing data

Abstract

The invention relates to the extraction of fluids from underground formations by means of hydraulic fracturing. The technical aim consists in improving the non-uniform placement of a propping agent. The propping agent consists of a material in the form of particles having a base, an outer water-soluble coating and a gelling agent, said gelling agent being immersed in the water-soluble coating in such a way that it is released from the base of a particle when the water-soluble coating is dissolved or destroyed upon introduction of the propping agent into portions of a hydraulic fracturing fluid. A method for the heterogeneous placement of a propping agent in a hydraulic fracture includes pumping alternating portions of hydraulic fracturing fluid, said portions containing and not containing the aforementioned particles, into a layer which is to undergo fracturing, under a pressure which exceeds a hydraulic fracturing pressure, through a plurality of clusters of perforations in a wellbore in the layer to be fractured, where the portions of hydraulic fracturing fluid containing the particles act as supports after the hydraulic fracture closes.

IPC Classes  ?

• C09K 8/80 - Compositions for reinforcing fractures, e.g. compositions of proppants used to keep the fractures open
• C09K 8/92 - Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation characterised by their form or by the form of their components, e.g. encapsulated material
• E21B 43/267 - Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures reinforcing fractures by propping

Abstract

Cement compositions with reduced porosity and improved strength comprise water, a hydraulic cement and an encapsulated silicate. The silicate may be released from the capsules by exposure to mechanical stress, heat, dissolution, swelling or coating degradation. Upon release, the silicate reacts with calcium hydroxide in the cement matrix to form calcium silicate hydrate. The formation of additional calcium silicate hydrate may fill voids in the set cement.

IPC Classes  ?

• E21B 33/14 - Methods or devices for cementing, for plugging holes, crevices, or the like for cementing casings into boreholes

Abstract

Apparatus for microwave heating of hydrocarbon fluid inside a resonant cavity where the hydrocarbon fluid is loaded into a pipe that extends through the resonant cavity between an inlet and outlet with a central point located centrally therebetween. The resonant cavity focuses microwave radiation to a localized area occupied by the pipe such that the power density distribution along the pipe length has a peak located at a point offset from the central point between the central point and the outlet. In another aspect, the resonant cavity can have a variable volume that resonates microwave radiation at different resonant frequencies. The apparatus can be configured to heat hydrocarbon fluid to a reaction temperature suitable for visbreaking of the hydrocarbon fluid. The reaction temperature can be in the range of 350C to 500C, which is suitable for visbreaking of heavy oil.

IPC Classes  ?

• C10G 32/00 - Refining of hydrocarbon oils by electric or magnetic means, by irradiation, or by using microorganisms
• C10G 15/00 - Cracking of hydrocarbon oils by electric means, electromagnetic or mechanical vibrations, by particle radiation or with gases superheated in electric arcs

Abstract

Various implementations directed to the integration of seismic data with downhole fluid analysis to predict the location of heavy hydrocarbon are provided. In one implementation, a method may include receiving seismic data for a hydrocarbon reservoir of interest. The method may also include identifying geological features associated with a secondary gas charge from the seismic data. The method may further include determining the proximity of the geological features to the hydrocarbon reservoir of interest. The method may additionally include receiving preliminary downhole fluid analysis (DFA) data from formations at or near the hydrocarbon reservoir of interest. The method may further include analyzing the preliminary DFA data to determine the equilibrium state of the hydrocarbon reservoir and to confirm the secondary gas charge in the hydrocarbon reservoir. The method may also include determining whether to perform one or more additional DFA's.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01V 1/50 - Analysing data
• G01V 1/30 - Analysis

Abstract

Various implementations described herein are directed to a method for assessing risks of compartmentalization. In one implementation, the method may include receiving seismic data for a formation of interest; identifying areas in the formation having a dip angle greater than about 30 degrees; performing a plurality of downhole fluid analysis (DFA) within a wellbore around the formation having the dip angle greater than about 30 degrees to identify areas experiencing mass density inversion; and determining the areas experiencing mass density inversion by DFA as having one or more risks of compartmentalization.

IPC Classes  ?

• E21B 47/00 - Survey of boreholes or wells
• G01V 1/40 - Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting specially adapted for well-logging
• G01V 1/50 - Analysing data

Abstract

A method can include receiving formation parameter values associated with a bore of a formation; receiving a pressure stabilization value for fluid flow at a location in the bore of the formation; and, based at least in part on the formation parameter values and the pressure stabilization value, calculating a skin factor value for the location in the bore.

IPC Classes  ?

• E21B 49/00 - Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
• E21B 47/06 - Measuring temperature or pressure
• G06F 9/455 - Emulation; Interpretation; Software simulation, e.g. virtualisation or emulation of application or operating system execution engines

Abstract

A technique facilitates construction of a power cable, such as a downhole electrical power cable for use with electrically powered systems. Construction of the power cable is accomplished with an external layer which does not use metallic, wrapped cable armor. The external layer may be extruded and has an exterior surface exposed to a surrounding environment. The external layer comprises a high temperature resin combined with a size disparate copolymer that creates amorphous regions in the extruded layer to restrict crack propagation.

IPC Classes  ?

• H01B 7/02 - Disposition of insulation

Abstract

A method for downhole fluid analysis by optical spectroscopy with photoacoustic detection includes positioning a photoacoustic system within a wellbore, applying a laser pulse to the fluid sample using the pulsed laser system, detecting, by the acoustic sensor, a time-resolved acoustic pulse generated by absorption of the laser pulse by the fluid sample, and determining a property of the fluid sample using the detected time resolved acoustic pulse. The photoacoustic system includes a pulsed laser system and an acoustic sensor.

IPC Classes  ?

• E21B 49/08 - Obtaining fluid samples or testing fluids, in boreholes or wells
• G01N 1/10 - Devices for withdrawing samples in the liquid or fluent state
• E21B 47/002 - Survey of boreholes or wells by visual inspection

Abstract

A technique facilitates formation of a gravel pack. Gravel slurry is delivered downhole at least in part along a transport conduit from one screen joint to the next. Downstream of a joint connection between two adjacent screen joints, gravel slurry from the transport conduit flows into a gravel slurry chamber. From the gravel slurry chamber, the gravel slurry flows into at least one packing conduit or into at least one packing conduit and at least one transport conduit. The packing conduits are used to discharge the gravel slurry for formation of a gravel pack in a wellbore annulus surrounding the gravel packing system, and the transport conduits are used to deliver the gravel slurry to downstream screen joints for discharge at a more distant location along the wellbore.

IPC Classes  ?

• E21B 43/02 - Subsoil filtering
• E21B 43/04 - Gravelling of wells
• E21B 17/02 - Couplings; Joints

Abstract

A technique facilitates a well treatment, such as a well stimulation. The technique comprises injecting a gel containing proppant into a wellbore extending into a subterranean formation. Additionally, a low viscosity fluid is injected into the wellbore with the gel either simultaneously or separately. An additive or additives may be used to maintain the gel in the low viscosity fluid. The technique further comprises separating the gel into slugs and then causing the slugs to flow into fractures in the subterranean formation.

IPC Classes  ?

• E21B 43/267 - Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures reinforcing fractures by propping
• C09K 8/62 - Compositions for forming crevices or fractures
• C09K 8/80 - Compositions for reinforcing fractures, e.g. compositions of proppants used to keep the fractures open
• C09K 8/92 - Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation characterised by their form or by the form of their components, e.g. encapsulated material

Abstract

Methods are disclosed for detecting fluid in at least one annulus around at least one casing installed in a borehole traversing a formation utilizing a sonic tool. The sonic tool is activated in the borehole and the received sonic waveforms are processed to obtain a dispersion plot. A reference dispersion plot is generated using a model of the borehole where the casing is well-bonded by cement. The obtained and reference dispersion plots are compared. An indication of fluid and in some cases, the specific radial location thereof is obtained based on the signature of the obtained plot as opposed to the reference plot. The methods are effective in doubly-cased boreholes using monopole and/or dipole sources.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01V 1/40 - Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting specially adapted for well-logging
• G01V 1/52 - Structural details
• G01N 29/02 - Analysing fluids

Abstract

A liner drilling system and method to at least partially drill a wellbore with a liner and cement the liner in place in the wellbore, all in a single downhole trip.

IPC Classes  ?

• E21B 33/13 - Methods or devices for cementing, for plugging holes, crevices, or the like
• E21B 17/00 - Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Casings; Tubings
• E21B 34/06 - Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells in wells

Abstract

A technique facilitates formation of a gravel pack. Gravel slurry is delivered downhole through at least one solid walled tube disposed externally to a base pipe positioned in a wellbore. A structure is used to enable connection of base pipe joints while enabling flow of the gravel slurry past the base pipe joint connection and into a corresponding downstream tube or tubes. The gravel slurry is then discharged at a desired location to help form the gravel pack by depositing the gravel and separating the carrier fluid. The separated carrier fluid is returned back through at least one permeable dehydration tube.

IPC Classes  ?

• E21B 43/02 - Subsoil filtering
• E21B 43/04 - Gravelling of wells

Abstract

Apparatus and methods for characterizing the physical state of a barrier installed in a borehole traversing a formation including locating an ultrasonic tool with a plurality of spaced receivers and a transmitter at a location in the borehole, activating the ultrasonic tool to form ultrasonic waveforms, wherein the spaced receivers record the ultrasonic waveforms, aligning the transmitter and the spaced receivers, wherein the ultrasonic waveforms comprise propagated Lamb modes, processing the ultrasonic waveforms to obtain a first amplitude dispersion plot of attenuation as a function of frequency and first phase dispersion plot of phase velocity as a function of frequency, processing attenuation dispersions to identify discontinuities, and relating the discontinuities to barrier wavespeeds.

IPC Classes  ?

• E21B 47/00 - Survey of boreholes or wells
• G01V 1/40 - Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting specially adapted for well-logging
• G01V 1/48 - Processing data

Abstract

An instrument (and corresponding method) performs AFM techniques to characterize properties of a sample of reservoir rock. The AFM instrument is configured to have a probe with a tip realized from reservoir rock that corresponds to the reservoir rock of the sample. The AFM instrument is operated to derive and store data representing adhesion forces between the tip and the sample at one or more scan locations in the presence of a number of different fluids disposed between the tip and the sample. The AFM instrument is further configured to perform computational operations that process the data representing the adhesion forces for a given scan location in order to characterize at least one property of the rock sample at the given scan location. The properties can include total surface energy of the rock sample as well as wettability of the rock sample.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01Q 60/24 - AFM [Atomic Force Microscopy] or apparatus therefor, e.g. AFM probes

Abstract

A technique facilitates the study of complex fracture networks. A slot manifold is constructed with a system of branched thin channels, e.g. slots, which are joined at intersections. Fluid is flowed through the system of branched thin channels and through an intersection or intersections joining the channels in a manner which enables evaluation of fluid flow. A flow distribution device is used to allow or block flow of the fluid along specific branches of the system of branched thin channels to facilitate evaluation of fluid flow as a fluid moves through various angular changes and/or flow gap width changes from one channel to another.

IPC Classes  ?

• E21B 49/00 - Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
• G06F 17/50 - Computer-aided design

Abstract

Specialized computing systems, devices, interfaces and methods facilitate the simulation of downhole wellbore re-entry procedures such as sidetracking, rat hole extension, hole enlargement, window modification, fishing, and other re-entry procedures. Computing systems, devices, interfaces and methods enable a user to design and select BHA components and procedures to be compared and simulated. Various re-entry parameters, such as re-entry tool parameters, whipstock parameters, wellbore casing parameters, window parameters, rat hole parameters, and the like may be accessed and selectably modified with re-entry and simulation interfaces to define and control the simulated re-entry procedures. Different types of output are selectably rendered to reflect various aspects of the simulated re-entry procedures.

IPC Classes  ?

• E21B 44/00 - Automatic control systems specially adapted for drilling operations, i.e. self-operating systems which function to carry out or modify a drilling operation without intervention of a human operator, e.g. computer-controlled drilling systems; Systems specially adapted for monitoring a plurality of drilling variables or conditions
• G06G 7/48 - Analogue computers for specific processes, systems, or devices, e.g. simulators
• G06G 3/10 - Devices in which the computing operation is performed mechanically for simulating specific processes, systems, or devices

Abstract

Specialized computing systems, devices, interfaces and methods facilitate the simulation of downhole wellbore abandonment procedures such as section milling and casing milling. Computing systems, devices, interfaces and methods enable a user to design and select BHA components and procedures to be compared and simulated. Various parameters, such as wellbore casing parameters, milling tool parameters, simulation parameters, and the like may be accessed and selectably modified by user input with interactive elements presented at user interfaces to define and control simulations of abandonment procedures. Different types of output are selectably rendered to reflect various aspects of the simulated abandonment procedures.

IPC Classes  ?

• G06G 7/48 - Analogue computers for specific processes, systems, or devices, e.g. simulators
• E21B 44/00 - Automatic control systems specially adapted for drilling operations, i.e. self-operating systems which function to carry out or modify a drilling operation without intervention of a human operator, e.g. computer-controlled drilling systems; Systems specially adapted for monitoring a plurality of drilling variables or conditions
• G06G 3/10 - Devices in which the computing operation is performed mechanically for simulating specific processes, systems, or devices
• G05B 19/02 - Programme-control systems electric

Abstract

Estimating petrophysical properties of a hydrocarbon reservoir traversed by at least one wellbore comprises obtaining at least one core sample from the wellbore and obtaining a three-dimensional (3D) porous solid image of the core sample. A 3D pore scale model is generated from the 3D porous solid image. A distribution of reservoir fluids in pores of the reservoir is simulated by a microhydrodynamic simulation using the 3D pore scale models of the core samples and at least one petrophysical property of the reservoir by a microscale modeling using the simulated distribution of the reservoir fluids is simulated by fitting the at least one simulated petrophysical property to well logging data at a depth corresponding to a depth of taking the core sample using free parameters. Governing parameters of the 3D pore scale models are extrapolated along a logged part of the wellbore and the at least one other petrophysical property is estimated by simulation.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01V 5/08 - Prospecting or detecting by the use of nuclear radiation, e.g. of natural or induced radioactivity specially adapted for well-logging using primary nuclear radiation sources or X-rays
• G01N 23/04 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups , or by transmitting the radiation through the material and forming images of the material
• G06G 7/75 - Analogue computers for specific processes, systems, or devices, e.g. simulators for component analysis, e.g. of mixtures, of colours
• G01N 15/08 - Investigating permeability, pore volume, or surface area of porous materials

Abstract

A method for scheduling wellbore construction activities includes entering a well plan into a computer. The well plan includes estimated start and stop times for a plurality of activities in a predetermined sequence. Progress of selected ones of the plurality of activities is measured during their performance. In the computer, expected ending time of at least one of the plurality of activities is recalculated based on progress thereof during that activity. In the computer, expected start and stop times are recalculated for each activity subsequent to the activity in progress based on the recalculated expected ending time. The recalculated start and stop times for each subsequent activity are displayed.

IPC Classes  ?

• E21B 44/00 - Automatic control systems specially adapted for drilling operations, i.e. self-operating systems which function to carry out or modify a drilling operation without intervention of a human operator, e.g. computer-controlled drilling systems; Systems specially adapted for monitoring a plurality of drilling variables or conditions
• G05B 19/02 - Programme-control systems electric
• G06F 19/00 - Digital computing or data processing equipment or methods, specially adapted for specific applications (specially adapted for specific functions G06F 17/00;data processing systems or methods specially adapted for administrative, commercial, financial, managerial, supervisory or forecasting purposes G06Q;healthcare informatics G16H)

Abstract

Composition-matched downhole tools and methods for using such tools are provided. One such method includes emitting neutrons using a neutron source in the downhole tool to generate formation gamma rays in a surrounding formation. At the same time, however, some of the neutrons may interact with different parts of the downhole tool to form tool gamma rays. The gamma ray spectra of at least some of the formation gamma rays and the tool gamma rays may be detected using a gamma ray detector. The tool gamma rays from the different parts of the tool may have a substantially similar spectral shape. As such, a processor may be used to analyze the spectra of the tool gamma rays using a single tool background standard, thereby simplifying the analysis and improving the precision of the results.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01V 5/10 - Prospecting or detecting by the use of nuclear radiation, e.g. of natural or induced radioactivity specially adapted for well-logging using primary nuclear radiation sources or X-rays using neutron sources

Abstract

A method, apparatus, and program product use graph partitioning to distribute wells to a plurality of solve processors in a parallel reservoir simulation environment to optimize performance of well solve operations during reservoir simulations. Wells may be distributed to assign wells to partitions and associated solve processors and/or other processing resources in a manner that optimizes communication costs and/or costs associated with performing well solve operations.

IPC Classes  ?

• G06G 7/48 - Analogue computers for specific processes, systems, or devices, e.g. simulators

Abstract

Specialized computing systems, devices, interfaces and methods facilitate the simulation of downhole milling procedures such as wellbore departure milling procedures. Computing systems, devices, interfaces and methods enable a user to design and select milling components and procedures to be compared and simulated. Various milling parameters, such as milling tool parameters, whipstock parameters, and wellbore casing parameters may be accessed and selectably modified with milling and simulation interfaces to define and control the simulated milling procedures. Different types of output are selectably rendered to reflect various aspects of the simulated milling procedures.

IPC Classes  ?

• E21B 44/00 - Automatic control systems specially adapted for drilling operations, i.e. self-operating systems which function to carry out or modify a drilling operation without intervention of a human operator, e.g. computer-controlled drilling systems; Systems specially adapted for monitoring a plurality of drilling variables or conditions
• G06G 7/48 - Analogue computers for specific processes, systems, or devices, e.g. simulators
• G06G 3/10 - Devices in which the computing operation is performed mechanically for simulating specific processes, systems, or devices

Abstract

Method for processing acoustic waveforms comprises acquiring acoustic waveforms in a borehole traversing a subterranean formation and transforming at least a portion of the acoustic waveforms to produce frequency domain signals. Then model dispersion curves, modes spectrum or waveforms are generated based on an anisotropic borehole-formation model having a set of anisotropic and geometrical borehole-formation parameters and by specifying governing equations and computational mesh based functional basis. The frequency-domain signals are back-propagating using the model dispersion curves to correct dispersiveness of the signals and coherence of the back-propagated signals is calculated. Alternatively the difference between the measured and the model dispersion curves is determined. Model parameters are iteratively adjusted until the coherence reaches a maximum or exceeds a selected value, or alternatively until the difference between the measured and the model dispersion curves becomes minimal or is reduced to below a selected value. Then at least a portion of the set of anisotropic and geometrical borehole-formation parameters is obtained.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01V 1/48 - Processing data
• G06F 17/10 - Complex mathematical operations

Abstract

The disclosure provides a borehole tool for seismic data collection. The tool comprises a cable to be positioned within a borehole and at least one sensor for measuring seismic signals mounted on the cable. The sensors provide measurements of particle motion (velocity or acceleration) perpendicular to an axis of the borehole. The disclosure also provides methods of seismic surveying, which involves positioning the tool in the borehole, firing a seismic source generating a seismic wave and measuring particle motion associated with the passing seismic wave perpendicular to an axis of the borehole using the at least one sensor for measuring particle motion.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01V 1/40 - Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting specially adapted for well-logging

Abstract

An underreamer for increasing the diameter of a bore. The underreamer includes a substantially cylindrical body. A mandrel may extend axially through the body. One or more cutter blocks are movably coupled to the body. A ratio of a height of the cutter block to a diameter of the body is between about 0.35:1 and about 0.50:1.

IPC Classes  ?

• E21B 10/26 - Drill bits with leading portion, i.e. drill bits with a pilot cutter; Drill bits for enlarging the borehole, e.g. reamers
• E21B 10/32 - Drill bits with leading portion, i.e. drill bits with a pilot cutter; Drill bits for enlarging the borehole, e.g. reamers with expansible cutting tools
• E21B 7/28 - Enlarging drilled holes, e.g. by counterboring

Abstract

Methods and downhole tools involving neutron-absorbing gamma ray windows are provided. One such method involves emitting neutrons from a neutron source in a downhole tool in a well into a surrounding geological formation. This may produce formation gamma rays through interactions between the neutrons and elements of the geological formation. The formation gamma rays may be detected by a gamma ray detector when the gamma rays pass via a gamma ray window that includes a neutron-absorbing material disposed in a substrate material of the downhole tool. The gamma ray window may be both more transmissive of gamma rays than the substrate material and less transmissive of neutrons than a window without the neutron-absorbing material. This may decrease a neutron flux that would otherwise reach the gamma ray detector and the tool materials surrounding it and thus would otherwise lead to a background signal contaminating a signal corresponding to the detected formation gamma rays.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01V 5/10 - Prospecting or detecting by the use of nuclear radiation, e.g. of natural or induced radioactivity specially adapted for well-logging using primary nuclear radiation sources or X-rays using neutron sources

Abstract

A system for determination of a field rock type comprises a computer processor and a rock typing tool executing on the computer processor. The rock typing tool comprises a rock property database configured to store rock property data, a first module configured to receive new input field rock property data and a data processing module configured to characterize the new input field rock property data and to determine field rock type as a best matched rock type.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01N 33/24 - Earth materials
• G06F 17/30 - Information retrieval; Database structures therefor

Abstract

Apparatus and methods of analyzing a composition of a hydrocarbon-containing fluid including using a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) tool to conduct a NMR relaxation measurement, a diffusion measurement, or both on the hydrocarbon-containing fluid to obtain NMR data, using a non-NMR tool to conduct an additional measurement of a reference fluid to obtain non-NMR data wherein the additional measurement comprises gas chromatography, optical observation, or both, and using the NMR data and the non-NMR data in an inversion process to determine an indication of the composition of the hydrocarbon-containing fluid. In some embodiments, the indication is determined over 4 chain length nodes.

IPC Classes  ?

• E21B 47/00 - Survey of boreholes or wells
• G01V 3/18 - Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination or deviation specially adapted for well-logging
• G01V 3/38 - Processing data, e.g. for analysis, for interpretation or for correction

Abstract

A method for real-time burner monitoring and control of a flare system (130), including analyzing a flare gas and/or flare exhaust gas by one or more analytical techniques and determining the flare gas (12) and/or flare exhaust gas composition. The method may also include an ash particle monitoring system. The method further includes an analytical control unit (150) for real-time adjustment of process conditions.

IPC Classes  ?

• F23N 5/08 - Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using light-sensitive elements
• F23G 5/50 - Control or safety arrangements
• F23G 7/08 - Methods or apparatus, e.g. incinerators, specially adapted for combustion of specific waste or low grade fuels, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases using flares, e.g. in stacks

Abstract

Methods and apparatuses are provided for analyzing a composition of a hydrocarbon-containing fluid. The methods include using a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) tool to conduct NMR measurements on the hydrocarbon-containing fluid to obtain NMR data. A non-NMR tool, such as an optical tool, is used to conduct additional measurements and to obtain non-NMR data on the fluid. The methods further include determining an indication of the composition of the fluid by using the NMR data and normalizing the indication of the composition of the fluid using the non-NMR data.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01V 3/32 - Electric or magnetic prospecting or detecting; Measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination or deviation specially adapted for well-logging operating with electron or nuclear magnetic resonance
• G01N 24/08 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of nuclear magnetic resonance, electron paramagnetic resonance or other spin effects by using nuclear magnetic resonance
• G01V 11/00 - Prospecting or detecting by methods combining techniques covered by two or more of main groups

Abstract

Systems, methods, and computer-readable media for planning a well are provided. The method includes defining a well in a representation of a domain, and identifying an offset well in the domain that is within a threshold distance of the well. The method also includes deconstructing the offset well into a plurality of offset bases, and determining that a first offset base of the plurality of offset bases is within the threshold distance of the well. The method further includes determining that a second offset base of the plurality of offset bases is not within the threshold distance of the well, and performing a proximity computation for the well with respect to the first offset base but not the second offset base.

IPC Classes  ?

• E21B 47/00 - Survey of boreholes or wells
• G06T 17/05 - Geographic models
• G06G 7/48 - Analogue computers for specific processes, systems, or devices, e.g. simulators

Abstract

Methods for reducing a viscosity of a viscosified fluid include reacting, such as by depolymerizing and/or decomposing, a polymeric material of the viscosified fluid with a breaking agent including a fully coordinated transition metal compound, such as a strongly complexed fully-coordinated transition metal compound. The methods of treating the subterranean are provided that include reacting, such as by depolymerizing and/or decomposing, a polymeric material of a viscosified treatment fluid with a fully coordinated transition metal compound, such as a strongly complexed fully-coordinated transition metal compound, to facilitate breaking of the viscosified treatment fluid after the fracturing or treatment is finished.

IPC Classes  ?

• C09K 8/62 - Compositions for forming crevices or fractures
• C09K 8/03 - Specific additives for general use in well-drilling compositions

Abstract

A downhole acoustic logging tool includes at least one acoustic transmitter and first and second arrays of acoustic receivers deployed on a tool body. The first array of acoustic receivers includes a plurality of axially spaced apart acoustic receivers and the second array of acoustic receivers includes a plurality of circumferentially spaced apart acoustic receivers. A method for making downhole acoustic logging measurements of a subterranean formation includes causing an acoustic logging tool to obtain axial acoustic logging measurements and circumferential acoustic logging measurements. The axial acoustic logging measurements and the circumferential acoustic logging measurements are then processed to compute each of five elastic constants of a transversely isotropic medium.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01V 1/52 - Structural details
• E21B 49/00 - Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells

Abstract

Well cementing compositions comprise water, an inorganic cement and flexible particles having an average density higher than 1.5 g/cm3. The flexible particles may be elastomers. The flexible particles and cement particles may be present in a trimodal particle size distribution. The compositions may be placed in subterranean wells in the context of primary or remedial cementing.

IPC Classes  ?

• E21B 33/13 - Methods or devices for cementing, for plugging holes, crevices, or the like

Abstract

Systems and methods for evaluating a cement installation are provided. In one example, the cement may be evaluated using a casing arrival measurement sensor that measures casing arrival signals resulting from firing a signal from a cement bond logging acoustic source. External signals (e.g., signals other than the casing arrival signals) may be attenuated by firing an attenuation firing signal.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01V 1/46 - Data acquisition
• G01V 1/52 - Structural details

Abstract

A downhole tool assembly for completing or cleaning a wellbore may include a perforation gun sub, and a laser assembly sub.

IPC Classes  ?

• E21B 43/11 - Perforators; Permeators
• E21B 43/116 - Gun or shaped-charge perforators

Abstract

A method for measuring asphaltene content of a crude oil is provided. In one embodiment, the method includes measuring an optical density of a live crude oil within a well and calculating a formation volume factor of the live crude oil based on the measured optical density. The method also includes determining asphaltene content of the live crude oil based on the measured optical density and the calculated formation volume factor of the live crude oil. Additional methods, systems, and devices are also disclosed.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01N 15/06 - Investigating concentration of particle suspensions
• G01N 21/59 - Transmissivity
• G01N 33/24 - Earth materials

Abstract

A method for monitoring operation of a pumping system for pumping anomalies is provided. In one embodiment, the method includes operating a pump of a downhole tool to pump fluid through the downhole tool and continually measuring an operational parameter of the downhole tool over a period of time during pumping of the fluid through the downhole tool. The measurements of the operational parameter can be filtered, and the filtered measurements can be monitored to enable detection of pumping anomalies in the downhole tool. Additional systems, devices, and methods are also disclosed.

IPC Classes  ?

• E21B 21/08 - Controlling or monitoring pressure or flow of drilling fluid, e.g. automatic filling of boreholes, automatic control of bottom pressure
• E21B 44/00 - Automatic control systems specially adapted for drilling operations, i.e. self-operating systems which function to carry out or modify a drilling operation without intervention of a human operator, e.g. computer-controlled drilling systems; Systems specially adapted for monitoring a plurality of drilling variables or conditions
• F04D 13/10 - Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being electrically driven for submerged use adapted for use in mining bore holes

Abstract

A method of treating a subterranean formation penetrated by a wellbore, the method including the introduction a treatment fluid comprising an aqueous fluid composition comprising an aldehyde releasing compound.

IPC Classes  ?

• E21B 43/22 - Use of chemicals or bacterial activity
• C09K 8/58 - Compositions for enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons, i.e. for improving the mobility of the oil, e.g. displacing fluids

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a method and apparatus for sampling a fluid from an environment having a primary filtering on a focused sampling probe and guard filtering system that is exposed upon movement of the focused sampling probe.

IPC Classes  ?

• E21B 49/02 - Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells by mechanically taking samples of the soil
• E21B 49/08 - Obtaining fluid samples or testing fluids, in boreholes or wells

Abstract

A tool having at least one vibration sensor and at least one standoff is disposed in a contact with a material and the at least one standoff of the tool is pushed into the material. Vibration is excited by the at least one vibration source and at least one coupling frequency of the tool is measured by the at least one vibration sensor. Based on the determined coupling frequency determining a contact stiffness of the at least one standoff and the mechanical properties of the material are determined taking into account mechanical properties of the at least one standoff.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01N 3/40 - Investigating hardness or rebound hardness

Abstract

A method and system for delivering materials downhole employing a shear thickening treatment fluid. The viscosity of the shear thickening treatment fluid increases with increasing shear rate. The shear thickening fluid may inhibit particulate dispersion, settling or a combination thereof at high shear rates and facilitate dispersion and/or settling of the particulates and/or formation of pillars or clusters in the fracture at low shear rates.

IPC Classes  ?

• E21B 43/267 - Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures reinforcing fractures by propping
• C09K 8/80 - Compositions for reinforcing fractures, e.g. compositions of proppants used to keep the fractures open
• C09K 8/70 - Compositions for forming crevices or fractures characterised by their form or by the form of their components, e.g. foams

Abstract

Methods and apparatuses are provided for analyzing a composition of a hydrocarboncontaining fluid. The methods include using a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) tool to conduct an NMR measurement on the hydrocarbon-containing fluid to obtain NMR data. A non-NMR tool, such as an optical tool, is used to conduct additional measurements on the hydrocarbon-containing fluid and to obtain non-NMR data on the fluid. An indication of the composition of the fluid can be determined by using the NMR data and the non-NMR data in an inversion process.

IPC Classes  ?

• G01V 11/00 - Prospecting or detecting by methods combining techniques covered by two or more of main groups
• G01N 24/08 - Investigating or analysing materials by the use of nuclear magnetic resonance, electron paramagnetic resonance or other spin effects by using nuclear magnetic resonance