A respirator system for delivering filtered atmospheric air to a user for inhalation, the respirator system comprising: a respirator through which a user can inhale filtered air; first and second air filter systems, each air filter system being configured to filter and draw air from the atmosphere into the respirator system and to deliver filtered drawn air to the respirator via an airflow path; first and second conduits for directing filtered air from the respective first and second air filter systems to the respirator; and a support for supporting the respirator system on the user's head, wherein the respirator is arranged at a front of the support to engage the front of a user's head when in use, and the first and second air filter systems are arranged at the rear of the support to sit at the rear of a user's head when in use, wherein the support comprises an adjusting means for adjusting a spacing between the two air filter systems to secure the support to the user's head.
Gearboxes for a skid steered vehicle comprising layouts in which all electric propulsion drive motors and electric steering motors are located on one side of the gearbox, and layouts in which the drive inputs of the electric propulsion drive motors are located face to face. Gear change units and gear packaging configurations suitable for such gearboxes.
B60K 1/02 - Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units comprising more than one electric motor
B62D 11/10 - Steering non-deflectable wheels; Steering endless tracks or the like by differentially driving ground-engaging elements on opposite vehicle sides by means of a single main power source using gearings with differential power outputs on opposite sides, e.g. twin- differential or epicyclic gears
F16H 3/66 - Gearings having three or more central gears composed of a number of gear trains without drive passing from one train to another
F16H 48/10 - Differential gearings with gears having orbital motion with orbital spur gears
A drive unit for a skid steered vehicle comprises a controlled differential positioned between two shafts. The end of each shaft forms an output of the drive unit connected directly to the differential outputs via the shafts. A steer motor is in driveable communication with the differential, and an electric propulsion motor is in driveable communication with the shaft outputs. A gear reduction unit, and optional gear change unit, is positioned between the differential and the electric propulsion motor. The electric propulsion motor, the gear reduction unit and optional gear change unit are connected in a parallel connection with an output of the differential to the shaft outputs. The optional gear change unit comprises an epicyclic gear reduction unit having an input and an output which provides drive input from the gear change unit to the shaft. A gear change set has a master gear that receives drive output from the electric propulsion motor, and slave gears which are driven by the master gear via one or more gear chains. A dog clutch slideably engages the input of the gear reduction unit and selectively engages with the master gear or slave gears so that the selected position of the dog clutch determines which gear is engaged.
B62D 11/16 - Steering non-deflectable wheels; Steering endless tracks or the like by differentially driving ground-engaging elements on opposite vehicle sides by means of a single main power source using gearings with differential power outputs on opposite sides, e.g. twin- differential or epicyclic gears differential power outputs being effected by additional power supply to one side, e.g. power originating from secondary power source the additional power supply being supplied mechanically
F16H 48/36 - Differential gearings characterised by intentionally generating speed difference between outputs
B62D 11/04 - Steering non-deflectable wheels; Steering endless tracks or the like by differentially driving ground-engaging elements on opposite vehicle sides by means of separate power sources
F16H 3/66 - Gearings having three or more central gears composed of a number of gear trains without drive passing from one train to another
F16H 37/08 - Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing
The invention provides a gearing assembly (5) comprising a rotary input member (1 b), a rotary output member (3) and a gearing arrangement (52) between the input member and the output member selectively engageable to effect a driving engagement between the input member and the output member through at least a first torque connection having a first gear ratio and a second torque connection having a second gear ratio. One of the rotary input member and the rotary output member comprises a first shaft and the first torque connection comprises a first dog clutch comprising a dog hub (51 ) comprising a hub set of teeth (51 a) and a surrounding dog ring (53) comprising a ring set of teeth (53a), the hub and ring sets of teeth being radially projecting and mutually engageable, the dog hub being mounted on the first shaft so as to allow axial movement of the dog hub relative to the shaft and dog ring with rotation of the dog hub relative to the shaft being resisted such that when the dog hub is axially aligned with the dog ring, the hub and ring sets of teeth engage and rotational drive may be transferred between the first shaft and the dog ring. The hub and ring sets of teeth are dimensioned and spaced so that upon axial movement between the dog hub and the dog ring with the sets of teeth appropriately in register with one another, the teeth in each set may pass through spacings between the teeth in the respective other set, so that the dog hub is moveable between a first disengaged position with the hub set of teeth axially spaced in a first direction from the ring set of teeth, a first engaged position with the hub set of teeth aligned and engaged with the ring set of teeth, and a second disengaged position with the hub set of teeth axially spaced in a second direction from the ring set of teeth.
F16H 3/24 - Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially using gears that can be moved out of gear with gears shiftable only axially with driving and driven shafts coaxial
B60K 7/00 - Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel
B60K 17/02 - Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of clutch
F16D 11/08 - Clutches in which the members have interengaging parts actuated by moving a non-rotating part axially
F16D 11/10 - Clutches in which the members have interengaging parts actuated by moving a non-rotating part axially with clutching members movable only axially
F16D 11/14 - Clutches in which the members have interengaging parts with clutching members movable only axially
F16D 21/04 - Systems comprising a plurality of mechanically-actuated clutches for interconnecting three or more shafts or other transmission members in different ways with a shaft carrying a number of rotatable transmission members, e.g. gears, each of which can be connected to the shaft by a clutching member or members between the shaft and the hub of the transmission member
F16H 3/083 - Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion without gears having orbital motion exclusively or essentially with continuously- meshing gears, that can be disengaged from their shafts with radially acting and axially controlled clutching members, e.g. sliding keys
F16H 3/66 - Gearings having three or more central gears composed of a number of gear trains without drive passing from one train to another
F16H 3/70 - Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion in which the central axis of the gearing lies inside the periphery of an orbital gear
5.
DEVICE AND METHOD FOR REGISTERING A HIT ON A TARGET
The invention relates to a device, system and method for registering a hit on a target and in particular to an improved device, system and method for registering the hit quickly to reduce feedback delay time. A device according to an embodiment comprises: a position storage unit for storing a known position of at least one target; a positioning unit comprising a laser range finder for aiming a weapon or weapon simulator at a weapon aim position; a determining unit for determining whether, when engaging the target, the weapon aim position and the stored position match; and a hit registering unit for registering, based on the determination, a hit on the target.
F41G 3/26 - Teaching or practice apparatus for gun-aiming or gun-laying
F41J 5/00 - Target indicating systems; Target-hit or score detecting systems
F41J 5/14 - Apparatus for signalling hits or scores to the shooter, e.g. manually operated, or for communication between target and shooter; Apparatus for recording hits or scores
G09B 9/00 - Simulators for teaching or training purposes
A drive configuration for a skid-steered vehicle comprising: a pair of traction motors (102) for rotationally driving opposite outputs of the drive configuration, the traction motors being operatively connected to the outputs (113) via respective gearing arrangements (104) for selectively varying gear reduction between each of the traction motors and the corresponding output; a steer differential (110) in a torque connection with the first and second outputs of the drive configuration; and a steer motor (106) operatively connected to the steer differential for selectively varying the rotational speed of the first and second outputs in use; wherein the traction and steer motors define a volume in which the gearing arrangements and steering differential are at least partially located.
B60K 1/02 - Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units comprising more than one electric motor
B60K 7/00 - Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel
B60K 17/04 - Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing
B60K 17/08 - Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing of change-speed gearing of mechanical type
B62D 11/04 - Steering non-deflectable wheels; Steering endless tracks or the like by differentially driving ground-engaging elements on opposite vehicle sides by means of separate power sources
F16H 48/06 - Differential gearings with gears having orbital motion
A drone detection radar configured to identify, from information present on returns reflected from a target, the presence of a drone, by identification, within Doppler information on the returns, of: i) Doppler signals being characteristic of rotating parts of a motor; ii) Doppler signals being characteristic of rotating parts of a blade; and, by identification from temporal information in the reflected returns: iii) signals being characteristic of flashing of the blade of a drone; wherein the target is assumed to be a drone if signals i, ii, and iii are present above respective predetermined thresholds. The largest return from a drone is often from the body, but this is often filtered by a clutter filter. The identified parameters therefore improve detection ability. The characteristic form of the Doppler signals in some instances allow the body return to be implied, thus providing information as to drone velocity where the velocity is within that part rejected by a clutter filter.
G01S 13/52 - Discriminating between fixed and moving objects or between objects moving at different speeds
G01S 7/41 - RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES - Details of systems according to groups , , of systems according to group using analysis of echo signal for target characterisation; Target signature; Target cross-section
A drone detection radar comprises a plurality of antenna systems, each antenna system being arranged to transmit a signal into an associated sector, and to receive signals reflected from targets in the sector, the sectors collectively forming a monitored volume, and wherein a sub-set of the antenna systems are active at any one time, with the active sub-set of antenna systems being arranged to monitor their respective volumes for a duration sufficient to measure Doppler signals associated with slow moving drones, with the radar being arranged to switch to a different sub-set of antenna systems after each duration, such that the whole volume is monitored within a predetermined period. Combining a staring array from an antenna system with a plurality of switched antenna system allows drones to be both detected and tracked, with appropriate selection of the predetermined period.
G01S 13/52 - Discriminating between fixed and moving objects or between objects moving at different speeds
G01S 13/42 - Simultaneous measurement of distance and other coordinates
G01S 13/87 - Combinations of radar systems, e.g. primary radar and secondary radar
H01Q 21/20 - Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart the units being spaced along, or adjacent to, a curvilinear path
A radar system for the detection of drones, comprising a transmitter, a receiver and a processor, wherein the processor is arranged to process demodulated return signals in a first process using a Doppler frequency filter, and to store locations of any detections therefrom, and to process the demodulated signals in a second process to look for signal returns indicative of a preliminary target having a rotational element at a location, and should a detection be found in the second process, to then attempt to match a location of the preliminary target with returns from the first process, and to provide a confirmed detection if a location of a detection from the first process matches with the location of a detection from the second process. The invention enables improved detection rates for drones, as compared to other targets such as birds, by looking for outputs from both the first and second processes.
G01S 7/41 - RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES - Details of systems according to groups , , of systems according to group using analysis of echo signal for target characterisation; Target signature; Target cross-section
G01S 13/52 - Discriminating between fixed and moving objects or between objects moving at different speeds
A drive configuration (10B) for a skid steered vehicle comprises first and second torque outputs (14L, 14R) coupled by a differential (13) and in a torque connection with first and second electric motors (12L, 12R), the differential being configured to mechanically transfer power across itself; and a mechanical power splitter (48L) having a first torque transfer feature (54L) in a torque connection with a combustion engine (35), a second torque transfer feature (50L) in a torque connection with a respective additional electric motor (52L) and a third torque transfer feature (49L) in a torque connection with at least one of the first and second torque outputs (14L) of the drive configuration, wherein torque output from the or each said mechanical power splitter (48, 48R) in use is dependent on torques generated by the combustion engine (35) and the associated additional electric motor (52L).
F16H 48/36 - Differential gearings characterised by intentionally generating speed difference between outputs
B60W 20/10 - Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand
B60W 20/13 - Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand in order to prevent overcharging or battery depletion
B60W 20/40 - Controlling the engagement or disengagement of prime movers, e.g. for transition between prime movers
B60K 17/16 - Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing of differential gearing
B60K 23/04 - Arrangement or mounting of control devices for vehicle transmissions, or parts thereof, not otherwise provided for for differential gearing
B60W 10/20 - Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of steering systems
B62D 11/14 - Steering non-deflectable wheels; Steering endless tracks or the like by differentially driving ground-engaging elements on opposite vehicle sides by means of a single main power source using gearings with differential power outputs on opposite sides, e.g. twin- differential or epicyclic gears differential power outputs being effected by additional power supply to one side, e.g. power originating from secondary power source
A differential (10) comprising: a left-side planetary gear set (12L) having a sun gear (16 L) configured to receive rotational drive input from a drive source (20), a ring gear (22 L) in a torque connection with an electric motor (26) and a carrier gear (14 L) configured to be operatively coupled with a left-side vehicle drive member (30 L) in a torque connection; a right-side planetary gear set (12 R) having a sun gear (16 R) configured to receive rotational drive input from the drive source (20), a ring gear (22 R) in a torque connection with the electric motor (26) and a carrier gear (14 R) configured to be operatively coupled with a right-side vehicle drive member (30 R) in a torque connection; wherein the sun gears (16L, 16 R) of the left and right side planetary gear sets (12 L,12 R) are rotationally fixed relative to each other and, in use, the amount of power transferred between the drive source (20) and each of the respective drive members (30 L, 30 R) can be selectively controlled by operating the electric motor (26) to drive or apply torque to the ring gears (22 L, 22 R) in opposite directions.
B60K 17/04 - Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing
B60K 17/12 - Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing of electric gearing
B60K 17/16 - Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing of differential gearing
B60K 23/04 - Arrangement or mounting of control devices for vehicle transmissions, or parts thereof, not otherwise provided for for differential gearing
12.
SENSOR SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR MEASURING A PHYSICAL PARAMETER
A sensor system for measurement of a physical parameter, such as temperature or pressure, comprises a first, fixed module, and a second module positionable proximate to the first The first module has a measurement coil and a reference coil, where the measurement coil forms part of an electrical circuit that is subject to variation by the physical parameter, and the reference coil forms part of a circuit not subject to the physical parameter being measured. The second module has a pair of reading coils, each arranged to couple to respective measurement and reference coils. The reading coils are connectable to signal generation and measurement equipment, and the system is arranged to measure electrical characteristics of the measurement and reference coils via the coupling. The system has particular utility in harsh environments such as in wells, where the first module may be fixed, and the second module lowered adjacent the first.
E21B 47/12 - Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling
13.
GEARING ASSEMBLY, VEHICLE DRIVETRAIN AND ELECTRIC WHEEL HUB THEREWITH
A gearing assembly comprises a gearing arrangement between a rotary input member and a rotary output member selectively engageable to effect a driving engagement there-between. The gearing arrangement includes a first engagement member operable selectively to effect a first torque connection in a 1:1 ratio, first and second planetary gear stages, a second engagement member operable selectively to effect a second torque connection having a second gear ratio, and a third engagement member operable selectively to effect a third torque connection having a third gear ratio respectively through one or more of the planetary gear stages. The first engagement member is located on one side of the input member. The first and second planetary gear stages and the second and third engagement members are located on an opposite side of the input member. A wheel hub drive having such a gearing mechanism is also provided.
The invention provides an electric hub drive (4) with a braking assembly. The hub drive (4) comprises a housing (5); a rotary drive transmission system mounted within the housing (5); and a braking assembly positioned within the housing (5). The braking assembly includes a braking formation (7) that is coupled to be rotationally driven by the rotary drive transmission system. Preferably the braking formation (7) is coupled to be rotationally driven by a part of the rotary drive transmission system that has a higher angular velocity than the output shaft (6). This enables the braking formation (7) to rotate at a faster speed than the wheel hub.
Apparatus for managing fluid flow in a vehicle, comprising: an epicylic gear set having first and second inputs configured to receive rotational drive input from a torque output feature of a powertrain and a rotary actuator respectively; a pump driver for driving a fluid pump, the pump driver configured to receive rotational drive input from an output of the epicylic gear set; and a controller configured to determine information corresponding to the rotational speed of the torque output feature using information generated by a rotational speed sensor and based on this control the rotary actuator such that the pump driver is caused to rotate at substantially a pre-specified speed.
An electric motor comprising: a stator comprising a plurality of circumferentially distributed drive elements for causing an electromagnetic driving force to be applied to a rotor of the electric motor in use, wherein each drive element comprises a wire extending around a metal core to define a plurality of coils for magnetizing the metal core when current flows in the coils, and wherein at least one space exists between the metal core of each respective drive element and the coils around it; and cooling means for transferring heat away from the drive elements; wherein each said drive element further comprises a heat conductor comprising a plurality of mutually electrically isolated metallic elements located in the or each respective space between the metal core thereof and the coils around it, for transferring heat from the coils to the cooling means.
H02K 9/22 - Arrangements for cooling or ventilating by solid heat conducting material embedded in, or arranged in contact with, the stator or rotor, e.g. heat bridges
A wind turbine comprising a support structure and one or more turbine blades is disclosed, that incorporates means for reducing the radar cross section (RCS), wherein the support structure is notionally divided into an upper section in the shadow of the blade sweep area, and a lower section beneath the upper section, wherein the upper section is adapted to have the means for reducing the RCS, and the lower section does not have the said adaptation. The invention makes use of the realisation that the blade masking the tower as it rotates (or the blade being masked by the tower if facing away from a radar), contributes significantly to interference to radar systems, and so localised application of e.g. RAM can give good RCS reduction at a lower cost than treating the whole structure.
E04H 12/02 - Structures made of specified materials
G01S 7/41 - RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES - Details of systems according to groups , , of systems according to group using analysis of echo signal for target characterisation; Target signature; Target cross-section
A controlled differential adapted to couple two shafts (7a, 7b) and steer input, such as those provided in a drive configuration for a skid steered vehicle, the controlled differential comprising: a pair of planet carriers (14a, 14b) arranged to turn with respective shafts; a pair of ring gears (12) interconnected by a cross-shaft such that the ring gears rotate in common; planet gears (11) and a pair of sun gears (10), the sun gears being coupled to at least one steer motor (9) to enable rotation of the sun gears in mutually opposite senses upon input from the steer motor.
B62D 11/14 - Steering non-deflectable wheels; Steering endless tracks or the like by differentially driving ground-engaging elements on opposite vehicle sides by means of a single main power source using gearings with differential power outputs on opposite sides, e.g. twin- differential or epicyclic gears differential power outputs being effected by additional power supply to one side, e.g. power originating from secondary power source
19.
SHAPED CHARGE AND METHOD OF MODIFYING A SHAPED CHARGE
A shaped charge liner (260) comprising an apex end (230) and a base end (240) and defining a main liner axis (220) that passes through the apex and base ends (230, 240), the liner (260) being rotationally symmetric about the main liner axis (220) wherein the liner has discrete rotational symmetry about the main liner axis (220).
86556294 Abstract A method of manufacturing an enhanced shaped charge liner for use in an oil/gas well perforator that is usable to form a desired hole shape in a rock formation comprises comparing a desired hole shape to a library of known liner designs, the library including data relating to a hole shape formed by each liner design within the library. A liner design is selected that produces a closest hole shape to the desired hole shape. The method further includes varying at least one parameter of the selected liner design to form a modified liner design, modelling the hole shape that the modified liner design produces and repeating the varying and modelling steps until a hole shape of the modified liner design converges towards the desired hole shape to thereby create a final liner design. The enhanced shaped charge liner is formed in accordance with the final liner design. Date Recue/Date Received 2020-08-28
An oil and gas welI shaped charge perforator capable of providing an exothermic reaction after detonation is provided, comprising a housing (2), a high explosive (3), and a reactive liner (6) where the high explosive is positioned between the reactive liner and the housing. The reactive liner (6) is produced from a reactive composition which is capable of sustaining an exothermic reaction during the formation of the cutting jet. The composition is a pressed i.e. compacted particulate composition comprising at least two metals, wherein one of the metals is present as spherical particulate, and the other metal is present as a non-spherical particulate. There may also be at least one further metal, which is not capable of an exothermic reaction with the reactive composition, present in an amount greater than 10% w/w of the liner. To aid consolidation a binder may also be added.
A terrain disruption device is provided comprising an air or gas flow generation device (3) mounted on a remote operated vehicle (1 ) having an extendable arm (2), wherein the air or gas flow generation device (3) comprises an elongate (optionally detachable) ducting arrangement (4) to direct the air or gas flow and an optional nozzle (5). The air or gas flow generation device (3) and/or the elongate ducting arrangement (4) may be mounted on the extendable arm (2). Preferably, the air or gas flow generation device (3) is a powered fan, more preferably an electric ducted fan.
Methods and apparatus for network security content-checking, in particular simplifying the critical element of a content-checker so that it can be trusted and implemented in hardware logic. A method comprises determining whether a digitally encoded document contains any embedded documents; content-checking, by means of at least one hardware-implemented content-checker, at least one of the embedded documents separately from those parts of the digitally encoded document within which it was embedded; and releasing a version of the digitally encoded document responsive to the content-checking.
The present invention relates to a method of content checking data transmitted from a first to a second, separate system which are linked by a content checker. The data is transmitted from the first system and encrypted before being received by logic supporting the content checker. The logic then directs the encrypted data to the content checker, via a decryption device which decrypts the data prior to the content checker receiving the data and checking it.
G06F 21/85 - Protecting input, output or interconnection devices interconnection devices, e.g. bus-connected or in-line devices
H04L 9/14 - Arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols using a plurality of keys or algorithms
H04L 9/32 - Arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system
A wind turbine blade comprising a multilayer composite structure including a first reflective layer, and a second layer comprising a plurality of resistive circuit analogue (CA) elements. The CA elements are tuned so as to interact with said first layer to provide absorption of electromagnetic (EM) energy over a desired frequency range. The parameters of the CA elements can be varied to provide for frequency tuning and to maintain absorption at a specific frequency range despite varying layer separation, while at the same time ensuring that the mechanical properties of the CA layer are compatible with integration into the turbine blade.
A data content checker arrangement for protecting communication between a sensitive computer system (102) and an external computer system (104). The arrangement includes a store (108) connected to input and output sub-systems (106) and (114) and to content checkers (110) and (112) arranged in parallel. The input and output sub-systems (106) and (114) are connected to the external computer system (104) and the sensitive computer system (102) respectively. Data received from the external computer system (104) is encrypted by the input sub-system (106) using an encryption key to which the content checkers (110) and (112) have access. The content checkers (110) and (112) can therefore decrypt, read and check the data. If the data passes a content checker's checks, the checker digitally signs and stores it, decrypted, in the store (108); if the checks are not passed, the checker discards the data. The output sub-system (114) delivers data to the sensitive computer system (102) if the data has received both content checkers' digital signatures indicating acceptability.
A system for automated checking of data content includes content checkers (208) to (214) arranged in parallel and connected between an input sub-system (204) and an output sub- system (216). The content checkers (208) to (214) check different data formats. Incoming data from an external computer system (202) is passed by the input sub-system (204) to the checkers (208) to (214), which report check results to both input and output sub-systems (204) and (216). From the four check results, the input sub-system (204) judges the data's acceptability for forwarding to a sensitive computer system (218). Unacceptable data is discarded; acceptable data passes to the output sub-system (216), which also judges the data's acceptability from the four check results. The output sub-system (216) only receives such data if the check results are all positive or if the input sub-system (204) malfunctions: in the latter case the check results are not all positive, and the output sub-system (216) will not forward the data unless it also malfunctions. The decision to forward data is therefore split between the input and output sub-systems (206) and (216).
A split core for a composite structure is described. The split core includes a first core layer, a second core layer, and a functional interlayer disposed between the first and second core layers. The first core layer separates the functional interlayer from a functional layer of the composite structure and/or from an outer surface of the composite structure. The thickness of the first core layer is substantially uniform across the composite structure and the distance between the functional interlayer and the functional layer and/or the outer surface of the composite structure is substantially constant across the composite structure.
B32B 5/22 - Layered products characterised by the non-homogeneity or physical structure of a layer characterised by the presence of two or more layers which comprise fibres, filaments, granules, or powder, or are foamed or specifically porous
B32B 3/30 - Layered products essentially comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar form; Layered products essentially having particular features of form characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids characterised by a layer formed with recesses or projections, e.g. grooved, ribbed
B32B 5/32 - Layered products characterised by the non-homogeneity or physical structure of a layer characterised by the presence of two or more layers which comprise fibres, filaments, granules, or powder, or are foamed or specifically porous both layers being foamed or specifically porous
This invention relates to the field of an electromagnetic (EM) field absorbing composition, in particular, those capable of providing absorbance in the frequency of commercial radar. The composition finds particular use as a radar absorbing coating for wind turbines, in particular for use in onshore and offshore environments. There are further provided coated surfaces comprising the composition, methods of absorbing EM radiation, and methods of use of such a composition, such that a surface coated in the composition is capable of absorbing EM radiation. There is provided an electromagnetic radiation absorbing composition comprising elongate carbon elements with an average longest dimension in the range of 50 to 1 000 microns, with a thickness in the range of 1 to 15 microns and present in the range of from 0.5 to 20 volume % dried, in a non conductive binder.
A DDS based system, such as a radar, includes means for generating a plurality of transmission signals using a DDS, and means for integrating signals derived therefrom, such as received signals. The system further includes means for varying the relative starting phase of the plurality of transmission signals, or adjusting the DDS input clock whilst maintaining similar primary output frequency characteristics of the transmission signals. The approach has the effect of changing the location of unwanted frequency spurs in each of the transmission signals, and hence the effects of these are decreased in the integration process. An improvement in the sensitivity of the system results. Although primarily suited to radar applications the invention may find utility in other systems such as sonar or lidar systems.
G01S 13/34 - Systems for measuring distance only using transmission of continuous waves, whether amplitude-, frequency-, or phase-modulated, or unmodulated using transmission of continuous, frequency-modulated waves while heterodyning the received signal, or a signal derived therefrom, with a locally-generated signal related to the contemporaneously transmitted signal
G06F 1/03 - Digital function generators working, at least partly, by table look-up
H03B 23/00 - Generation of oscillations periodically swept over a predetermined frequency range
A drive configuration for a skid steered vehicle comprises a pair of electric motors (1a, 1b) for propulsion of the vehicle, one each coupled to drive a respective track (5a, 5b) on a respective side of the vehicle, and one or more electric steer motors (7a, 7b) coupled through a differential gear mechanism (6) to impose a speed difference between the tracks. An associated control system (20, 24, 25, 26) controls the current to each motor so that substantial contributions to the differential torque to turn the vehicle are made both by the steer motors and by the propulsion motors, in variable proportions preferably as a function of the vehicle speed.
B60K 7/00 - Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel
B62D 11/14 - Steering non-deflectable wheels; Steering endless tracks or the like by differentially driving ground-engaging elements on opposite vehicle sides by means of a single main power source using gearings with differential power outputs on opposite sides, e.g. twin- differential or epicyclic gears differential power outputs being effected by additional power supply to one side, e.g. power originating from secondary power source
B62D 11/16 - Steering non-deflectable wheels; Steering endless tracks or the like by differentially driving ground-engaging elements on opposite vehicle sides by means of a single main power source using gearings with differential power outputs on opposite sides, e.g. twin- differential or epicyclic gears differential power outputs being effected by additional power supply to one side, e.g. power originating from secondary power source the additional power supply being supplied mechanically
A Communications system for communicating over low bandwidth or high latency links incorporates a router MR7 configured to route a message to any like-configured router MR8, MR9 linked to it. Communications are implemented at network layer with UDP IP message packets. There are no hello messages. The message format 20 includes routing information but not designated and backup routers, which avoids loss of service from designated router changes and reduces bandwidth requirements. Configured routers MR7 to MR9 have different message formats 20, 40 for communicating with configured routers MR7 to MR9 and with unconfigured routers R1 to R6 respectively, and can link different protocols. A configured router MR7 deletes routes to like-configured routers MR8, MR9 with route metrics not superior to other routes with like destination. It also deletes routes with inferior metrics to related routes in an incoming message, and retains received route information regarding a new route or a route with superior metric. Some routes are not advertised, e.g. loop-back routes, multicast or broadcast routes, experimental destinations, unconfigured or zero-configured addresses, and routes matching a summary route and any user configured routes/networks.
A high pressure pump for use in the injection of liquid chemicals into subsea oil or gas wells, and intended to be positioned in the subsea environment adjacent to the wellhead, comprises a piezoelectric actuator (19) for reciprocating a plunger (22) which acts to compress and expand the effective volume of a pumping chamber (29) having a valved inlet (15) connected to a source of the liquid and a valved outlet (16) to lead the liquid to the well. The device has a minimum of moving parts and in particular avoids the need for any rotating parts and attendant high performance bearings and seals.
A method for providing correction values for phase based measurements. Where averaging techniques are employed for exploiting redundancy in multiple measurements, by constraining the phase ambiguity in a correction value to be an integer multiple of the carrier wavelength, carrier phase based measurements can be used.
G01S 19/12 - Cooperating elements; Interaction or communication between different cooperating elements or between cooperating elements and receivers providing dedicated supplementary positioning signals wherein the cooperating elements are telecommunication base stations
G01S 5/00 - Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position-line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
Methods, apparatus, programs. and signals for providing communications network security. The approach is based on using established "standard" protocols, but packets (or cells or frames) are deliberately malformed by the sender, optionally according to a predetermined rule (for example by inverting a packet check digit). A filter forwards only packets identified as being invalid, optionally in accordance with the rule; packets which are valid with respect to the "standard" protocol are dropped. The filter is preferably implemented in hardware to mitigate the risk of its being compromised by a malicious attack.
A measurement device, such as a laser radar (66), is described that comprises a transmitter portion for transmitting radiation to a remote probe volume, a receiver portion for detecting radiation returned from the remote probe volume and a processor for analysing the detected return radiation. The device is suitable for transmitting and receiving radiation through a window portion (54) having associated window cleaning apparatus (e.g. wiper 62) for cleaning said window portion (54) in response to a cleaning activation signal. The processor is arranged to generate a cleaning activation signal for activating window cleaning apparatus when the properties of said detected return radiation are indicative of a reduction in transmission through at least part of said window portion. In one embodiment, a conically scanned lidar (66) is described that generates a cleaning activation signal when the power of detected return radiation varies as a function of the angle of transmission of radiation from the device. Corresponding methods and a weatherproof laser device (50) are also described.
A method of detecting a target in a scene is described that comprises the step of taking one or more data sets, each data set comprising a plurality of normalised data elements, each normalised data element corresponding to the return from a part of the scene normalised to a reference return for the same part of the scene. The method then involves thresholding (16) at least one of the normalised data elements of each of said one or more data sets. The thresholding step (16) comprises comparing each of the normalised data elements to at least first and second thresholds, wherein the first threshold is greater than the second threshold. The use of one or more confirmation scans (18) in combination with the thresholding step is also described. A radar system is also described that uses the method to detect foreign object debris (FOD) on a surface such as an airport runway.
A fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) composite structure incorporates a woven preform containing tows of carbon or other advanced fibres (1, 3) and wires (2, 4) of shape memory alloy (SMA). The SMA wires are capable of absorbing much larger amounts of strain energy than the conventional components of FRP composites and hence enhance the impact resistance of the structure. The woven form incorporates the SMA into the structure in an optimum manner in terms of handling and performance.
B32B 5/12 - Layered products characterised by the non-homogeneity or physical structure of a layer characterised by structural features of a layer comprising fibres or filaments characterised by the relative arrangement of fibres or filaments of adjacent layers
C22C 19/03 - Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
A frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar is described that comprises a frequency sweep generator (42) for producing a swept frequency signal. A discriminator (52) receives a portion of the swept frequency signal and produces a reference difference-frequency signal. The discriminator 52 comprises an optical delay means, which may comprises a laser diode (72), an optical fibre (74) and a detector (76) for producing a time displaced frequency swept signal from which the difference-frequency signal is derived. A transceiver (50) is also described that generates the signal to be transmitted by the radar from the swept frequency signal and produces a target difference-frequency signal. An analogue-to-digital converter (80) samples the target difference-frequency signal at a rate derived from the frequency of the reference difference-frequency signal. Use of the radar in various applications, such as detecting foreign object debris on airport runways and perimeter security, are also described.
G01S 13/34 - Systems for measuring distance only using transmission of continuous waves, whether amplitude-, frequency-, or phase-modulated, or unmodulated using transmission of continuous, frequency-modulated waves while heterodyning the received signal, or a signal derived therefrom, with a locally-generated signal related to the contemporaneously transmitted signal
An electric drive transmission for a skid steered vehicle has a central casing (17) housing a pair of propulsion motors (1a, 1b) comprising respective stators (18a, 18b) and rotors (19a, 19b), each rotor being coupled to drive a respective through shaft (21a, 21b) via a respective epicyclic gear change mechanism (22a, 22b). The through shafts (21a, 21b) are coupled at their inboard ends to a controlled differential (6) with an input from a steer motor (7), and are coupled at their outboard ends to respective epicyclic gear reduction mechanisms including planet carriers (27a, 27b). The through shafts (21a, 21b) are supported in the casing by respective bearings 30a, 30b and (32a, 32b) (the latter via planet carriers (27a, 27b)) and the propulsion motor rotors (19a, 19b) are supported on the through shafts by respective bearings (20a, 20b). By supporting the rotors (19a, 19b) on the through shafts (21a, 21b) rather than in separate bearings to the casing (17) the diameter and speed rating of the requisite rotor bearings can be reduced.
B62D 11/04 - Steering non-deflectable wheels; Steering endless tracks or the like by differentially driving ground-engaging elements on opposite vehicle sides by means of separate power sources
B60K 7/00 - Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel
B60K 17/08 - Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of gearing of change-speed gearing of mechanical type
B62D 11/14 - Steering non-deflectable wheels; Steering endless tracks or the like by differentially driving ground-engaging elements on opposite vehicle sides by means of a single main power source using gearings with differential power outputs on opposite sides, e.g. twin- differential or epicyclic gears differential power outputs being effected by additional power supply to one side, e.g. power originating from secondary power source
A coherent laser radar or lidar device (2; 20; 84; 90) for measuring wind speed is described that comprises a transmitter for transmitting a beam of light to a remote probe volume (6; 54), a receiver for detecting back- scattered light and an analyser for calculating wind velocity at the remote probe volume from the Doppler shift in frequency of the detected back- scattered light. The analyser is arranged to monitor for the presence of, and/or to ensure the calculated wind speed is corrected for, any Doppler frequency components of the detected back-scattered light that arise from back- scatter off cloud located at a range greater than the range of the remote probe volume. It is described how the lidar (2; 20; 84; 90) may be scanned and wind velocity components calculated by fitting the scanned line of sight velocity values to a predetermined function. Furthermore, it is outlined how an initial fit may be performed to determine which points are to be used in this calculation. The incorporation of a back scatter profiling means, such as ceilometer (82), is also described. A wind turbine (902) incorporating such a device (90) is also described.
A buoyant platform apparatus (36), such as a buoy, is described that comprises a laser radar (lidar) wind speed measurement (20) device. The lidar (22) is arranged to make wind velocity measurements at one or more remote probe volumes of known position relative to said platform (36). The wind speed measurement apparatus may further comprise motion sensing means (26) that, in use, monitor motion of the platform (36) allowing wind speed at an absolute position in space to be measured. Wind velocity data may also be compensated for platform movement.
A wind turbine is provided having a lidar wind speed measurement apparatus (10, 16, 18) for achieving wind control. The lidar apparatus is arranged to scan the area (30) in front of the wind turbine so as to generate a measurement of the wind speed across the wind field. The lidar apparatus may be located in the hub (6) of the wind turbine and the look direction (32a, 32b, 32c) inclined away from the rotational axis so that rotation of the hub (6) ensures scanning. Preferably the lidar apparatus has a plurality of look directions (32a, 32b, 32c) so as to increase the scanning rate. This may be achieved by having a number of dedicated lidar systems and/or by using multiplexed lidars. Measurement of the wind field allows improved control of the wind turbine giving efficiency and reduced wear benefits.
G01P 5/26 - Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft by measuring the direct influence of the streaming fluid on the properties of a detecting optical wave
G01S 17/95 - Lidar systems, specially adapted for specific applications for meteorological use
A method of fabricating a micro-bridge device (14, 16) onto a substrate (20). The method includes the steps of: pro-viding a sacrificial material (32) on a surface region of the substrate (20); patternwise etching the sacrificial material (32); providing a sensing material (34) on a surface region of the sacrificial material; providing a support material (36) on a surface region of the sensing material; and removing the sacrificial material (32) leaving support material (36) with the sensing material (34) on its lower surface, substantially free standing above the substrate (20).
G01J 5/20 - Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry using electric radiation detectors using resistors, thermistors or semiconductors sensitive to radiation, e.g. photoconductive devices
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