A method for detecting a distance and a relative velocity of a target (21) using a frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) laser device (20) is provided, the method comprising transmitting FMCW laser radiation (LR) by the laser device (20), receiving a reflection signal (RS) comprising FMCW laser radiation (LR) reflected at the target (21), mixing the reflection signal (RS) with FMCW laser radiation (LR) to a mixed signal (MS), detecting the mixed signal (MS), wherein the mixed signal (MS) has a time scale, and resampling the time scale of the mixed signal (MS) by time warping. Furthermore, a device (24) for detecting a distance and a relative velocity of a target (21) is provided.
G01S 17/34 - Systems determining position data of a target for measuring distance only using transmission of continuous waves, whether amplitude-, frequency-, or phase-modulated, or unmodulated using transmission of continuous, frequency-modulated waves while heterodyning the received signal, or a signal derived therefrom, with a locally-generated signal related to the contemporaneously transmitted signal
G01S 17/58 - Velocity or trajectory determination systems; Sense-of-movement determination systems
G01B 9/02003 - Interferometers characterised by controlling or generating intrinsic radiation properties using two or more frequencies using beat frequencies
G01B 9/02004 - Interferometers characterised by controlling or generating intrinsic radiation properties using two or more frequencies using frequency scans
An avalanche diode arrangement (100) comprises an avalanche diode (110) including an anode (111) connected to first voltage terminal (115) and a cathode (112) connected to a first node (114). The first node (114) is connected to a first terminal (122) of a quench transistor (121) via a first PMOS transistor (125). The first PMOS transistor (125) forms part of a level shifting circuit (120). A second terminal (123) of the quench transistor (121) is connected to a second voltage terminal (116).
1nn), DAC, comprises a coarse resistor-string digital-to-analog conversion unit (121) for selectively outputting 2N-level analog voltages in response to upper N-bit digital data, wherein N is a natural number greater than or equal to 2, a fine resistor-string digital-to-analog conversion unit (122) for selectively outputting 2N-level analog voltages in response to lower N-bit digital data, and a combining unit (109) for combining an output of the coarse resistor-string digital-to-analog conversion unit (121) and the output of the fine resistorstring digital-to-analog conversion unit (122). The combining unit (109) comprises a capacitor (111). The output of the coarse resistor-string digital-to-analog conversion unit (121) and the output of the fine resistor-string digital-to-analog conversion unit (122) are connectable to a first terminal (137) of the capacitor (111).
H03M 1/68 - Digital/analogue converters with conversions of different sensitivity, i.e. one conversion relating to the more significant digital bits and another conversion to the less significant bits
H03M 1/76 - Simultaneous conversion using switching tree
4.
METHOD OF CALIBRATING A RANGE FINDER, CALIBRATION ARRANGEMENT AND RANGE FINDER
A method of calibrating a range finder is presented, the range finder comprising a self-mixing interferometer projector (10), an imager (20) and a calibration target (50) placed in a common field-of-view (51) of the projector and imager, wherein the projector comprises an array of coherent light emitters. The method comprises the steps of placing the calibration target at different distances; for each distance an array of dots emitted by the light emitters is projected onto a calibration pattern on the calibration target and, using the imager, second images of the calibration target and SMI signals of the array of light emitters are captured. Beat frequencies of the SMI signal are determined for each light emitter of the array. Furthermore, spatial positions of the dots are determined from the second images and from the spatial positions of the dots direction vectors of the rays are determined using line fitting. An optical origin is determined for each light emitter. Then, from the optical origin geometric distances of the projected dots are determined and, for each light emitter, a linear mapping is determined of the beat frequencies to a corresponding distance from the optical origin. Finally, the SMI signals of the array of light emitters are calibrated as a function of the linear mapping.
An optical lens for an augmented reality display comprises an optical spreader and an optical combiner (50) having a first side (51) and a second side (52) opposite to the first side (51). The optical combiner (50) is operable to transmit ambient light incident on the first side (51) and to collimate image light incident on the second side (52). The optical spreader is operable to spread collimated image light exiting the optical combiner (5) so as to form spread image light. The optical spreader comprises a hologram (40) and the optical combiner (50) comprises a polarizer (54). The hologram (40) and/or polarizer (54) have a curved profile.
In one embodiment, the optoelectronic light source (1) comprises : - a first semiconductor laser (21) configured to emit a first laser beam (L1), and - a redirecting optical element (4), wherein the first laser beam (L1) runs from the first semiconductor laser (21) to a first primary reflection zone (411) and further directly from the first primary reflection zone (411) to a first secondary reflection zone (412) of the redirecting optical element (4), - directly after the first semiconductor laser (L1), the first laser beam (L1) has an asymmetric beam cross-section, the redirecting optical element (4) reduces an asymmetry of the beam cross-section of the first laser beam (L1), and - with a tolerance of at most 45°, directly after the first semiconductor laser (21) the first laser beam (L1) may run antiparallel relative to the first laser beam (L1) directly after the first secondary reflection zone (412).
Optical proximity sensor (2), comprises • an infrared light emitter (6) to emit AC pulses of infrared light, the infrared light emitter (6) further being configured to emit no or low levels of infrared light in-between AC pulses; • a light detector (10) to detect ambient light DC signals and infrared light AC pulses emitted by the light emitter (6) and reflected from an object to be detected towards the light detector (10), and • an integrator circuit (14) which performs a proximity measurement employing said light emitter (6) and said light detector (10), whereby said integrator circuit (14) comprises an ambient light measurement circuit (16), preferably to measure ambient light intensity, to perform an ambient light measurement before performing a proximity measurement and to configure measurement settings of said light emitter (6) and/or said light detector (10) and/or said integrator circuit (14) based on said ambient light measurement, and whereby said integrator circuit (14) performs said proximity measurement based on said measurement settings. In a preferred embodiment, the proximity sensor comprises a crosstalk measurement circuit, which is preferably implemented in a digital core. Based on the ambient light, the system adapts emitter power to reduce screen distortion, particularly in OLED applications as higher emitter power causes visible screen distortion in low light conditions, and power consumption. Dependent on the ambient light, the sensitivity of captured light can be attenuated or increased by setting a parameter of the light detector, for example by choosing the number of photo diode sections.
An optical system includes a circuit board, an optical emitter device mounted on the circuit board, and a cap mounted on the circuit board. The cap and the circuit board together define a chamber therebetween, the chamber enclosing the optical emitter device. The cap includes one or more opaque regions and one or more transparent regions, wherein the one or more opaque regions of the cap are configured to prevent light emitted from the optical emitter device from travelling out of the chamber in one or more undesirable directions, wherein the one or more transparent regions of the cap are configured to allow light emitted from the optical emitter device to travel out of the chamber in one or more desirable directions. The cap is formed by rendering one or more selected regions of a transparent substrate to be opaque, or by forming one or more opaque features on a transparent substrate, so that the one or more opaque regions of the cap include the one or more opaque regions of the substrate or the one or more opaque features formed on the substrate, and so that the one or more transparent regions of the cap include one or more transparent regions of the substrate. The optical system may include one or more optical emitter devices and/or one or more optical detector devices.
H01L 25/16 - Assemblies consisting of a plurality of individual semiconductor or other solid state devices the devices being of types provided for in two or more different main groups of groups , or in a single subclass of , , e.g. forming hybrid circuits
H01L 31/12 - SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS - Details thereof structurally associated with, e.g. formed in or on a common substrate with, one or more electric light sources, e.g. electroluminescent light sources, and electrically or optically coupled thereto
9.
DIFFERENTIAL AMPLIFIER ARRANGEMENT AND CONVERTER ARRANGEMENT
In one embodiment a differential amplifier arrangement includes a first input configured to receive a first input signal, a second input configured to receive a second input signal, a first output configured to provide a first output signal, a second output configured to provide a second output signal, a common mode loop configured to regulate an output common mode of the differential amplifier arrangement depending on a difference between a common mode reference signal and an average of the first and the second output signal, and a differential mode loop configured to regulate a differential mode output of the differential amplifier arrangement depending on a difference between a difference between the first and the second input signal and a difference between the first and the second output signal. Therein the difference between the first and the second output signal is substantially constant.
A trigger module is provided, comprising a laser, a filter, an analog-to-digital converter, a frequency analyzer and an output. The laser is configured to emit electromagnetic radiation to a sensing region outside of the trigger module. The filter is configured to provide an analog junction voltage signal measured across the laser. The analog-to-digital converter is configured to convert an analog junction voltage signal into a digital junction voltage signal. The analog-to digital converter is connected with the frequency analyzer and the frequency analyzer is connected with the output. Furthermore, a device comprising a trigger module, a method for operating a trigger module and a method for operating a device are provided.
H03K 17/94 - Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and -breaking characterised by the way in which the control signals are generated
G01S 17/04 - Systems determining the presence of a target
11.
FMCW LIDAR SYSTEM, ELECTRONIC DEVICE AND METHOD FOR DRIVING A LIDAR SYSTEM
A LIDAR system (10) comprises a laser device (103) configured to emit a transmit signal (16) towards an object (15), a frequency of the transmit signal (16) being variable by varying a current injected in the laser device (103), a laser driving system (140) for driving the laser device (103), and a receiver (107) configured to receive an input signal (19), the input signal (19) being based on a superposition of the transmit signal (16) and a reflected signal (17) reflected by the object (15). The laser driving system (140) is configured to supply the current having an intensity varying in accordance with multiple different modulation patterns at different timings, the modulation patterns representing a frequency change of the transmit signal (16) with time or in accordance with a combination at different timings of a changing frequency of the transmit signal (16) with time and a constant current intensity. A speed and a distance between the object (15) and the receiver (107) are configured to be determined from the input signal (19).
G01S 17/34 - Systems determining position data of a target for measuring distance only using transmission of continuous waves, whether amplitude-, frequency-, or phase-modulated, or unmodulated using transmission of continuous, frequency-modulated waves while heterodyning the received signal, or a signal derived therefrom, with a locally-generated signal related to the contemporaneously transmitted signal
G01S 17/58 - Velocity or trajectory determination systems; Sense-of-movement determination systems
G01S 17/931 - Lidar systems, specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes of land vehicles
G01S 7/4915 - Time delay measurement, e.g. operational details for pixel components; Phase measurement
G01S 7/481 - Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements
12.
ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK LAYER COMPRISING AN ARRAY OF PHOTOTRANSISTORS AND ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK
An artificial neural network layer (100) comprises an array of phototransistors (110). Each of the phototransistors (110) is configured to absorb electromagnetic radiation (15) via a light-receiving surface (108) of the phototransistor (110) and to emit electromagnetic radiation (16) via a light-emitting surface (109). An intensity of the emitted electromagnetic radiation (16) depends on the intensity of the absorbed electromagnetic radiation (15). The intensity of the emitted electromagnetic radiation (16) further depends on a voltage applied to at least one terminal (111) of the phototransistor (110). The array of phototransistors (110) is arranged in a plane parallel to the light-receiving surface (108).
A front-end electronic circuitry for an electromagnetic radiation sensor application comprises a charge sensitive amplifier stage with a first single-input operational transconductance amplifier, and a transistor being arranged in a first feedback path of the first single-input operational transconductance amplifier, and a signal shaper stage with a second single-input operational transconductance amplifier, and an active feedback circuit being arranged in a second feedback path of the second single-input operational transconductance amplifier. The front-end electronic circuitry further comprises a control circuit having a second transistor. The control circuit is configured to provide a control signal to control the transistor of the first feedback path in dependence on a gate-source voltage of the second transistor.
A displacement detector may include a substrate and a membrane having an inner surface facing the substrate. A mounting area may be arranged to fix the membrane along at least part of the perimeter of the membrane, wherein the mounting area, the inner surface and the substrate enclose a back volume. An acoustic compliance of the back volume may be arranged to be the same or larger than an acoustic compliance of the membrane. An optical sensor may be configured to generate a sensor signal indicative of a displacement of the membrane.
G01S 17/08 - Systems determining position data of a target for measuring distance only
G01L 7/08 - Measuring the steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or a fluent solid material by mechanical or fluid pressure-sensitive elements in the form of elastically-deformable gauges of the flexible-diaphragm type
G01S 7/481 - Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements
A self-mixing interferometric, SMI, laser sensor (1) comprises a VCSEL (10) configured to emit laser radiation with a linear polarization, a photodetector (20) configured to monitor the laser radiation of the VCSEL (10), and a linear polarizer (30) arranged in front of the photodetector (20) such that the laser radiation passes through the linear polarizer (30) before reaching the photodetector (20). An orientation of a passing polarization of the linear polarizer (30) differs from the linear polarization of the laser radiation of the VCSEL (10) by an angle (a) different from zero.
G01B 9/02004 - Interferometers characterised by controlling or generating intrinsic radiation properties using two or more frequencies using frequency scans
An optical module for reading a test region of an assay includes a near-infrared light source for illuminating the test region of the assay with light in a near-infrared spectrum. The optical module also includes an optical detector. The optical detector includes an optical input for receiving light emitted from the test region of the assay and an electrical output. The optical module further includes an electrical signal processor electrically coupled to the electrical output. The optical module additionally includes one or more optical filter arranged in front of the optical input of the optical detector.
G01N 33/52 - Use of compounds or compositions for colorimetric, spectrophotometric or fluorometric investigation, e.g. use of reagent paper
G01N 21/78 - Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator producing a change of colour
B01L 3/00 - Containers or dishes for laboratory use, e.g. laboratory glassware; Droppers
G01N 33/543 - Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor with an insoluble carrier for immobilising immunochemicals
18.
SELF-MIXING INTEFEROMETRY SENSOR MODULE, ELECTRONIC DEVICE AND METHOD OF DETERMINING AN OPTICAL POWER RATIO FOR A SELF-MIXING INTEFEROMETRY SENSOR MODULE
The present invention relates to a self-mixing interferometry sensor module, comprising a light emitter (LE), a detector unit (DU) and an optical element (OE), wherein the light emitter (LE) is operable to emit coherent electromagnetic radiation towards an external target (ET) to be placed outside the sensor module and undergo self-mixing interference, SMI, caused by reflections of the emitted electromagnetic radiation from the external target back inside the sensor module. The detector unit (DU) is operable to generate output signals indicative of an optical power output of the light emitter (LE) due to the SMI. The optical element (OE) is aligned with respect to the light emitter (LE) such that a first fraction of electromagnetic radiation is directed towards the external target (ET) or the light emitter (LE) and a second fraction of electromagnetic radiation is directed towards the detector unit (DU). An optical power ratio determined by the first and second fractions meets a pre-determined value.
Self-mixing inteferometry sensor module, electronic device and method of determining an optical power ratio for a self-mixing inteferometry sensor module
A self-mixing interferometry sensor module, comprising a light emitter (LE), a detector unit (DU) and an optical element (OE), wherein the light emitter (LE) is operable to emit coherent electromagnetic radiation towards an external object (ET) to be placed outside the sensor module and undergo self-mixing interference, SMI, caused by reflections of the emitted electromagnetic radiation from the external object back inside the sensor module. The detector unit (DU) is operable to generate output signals indicative of an optical power output of the light emitter (LE) due to the SMI. The optical element (OE) is aligned with respect to the light emitter (LE) such that a first fraction of electromagnetic radiation is directed towards the external target (ET) or the light emitter (LE) and a second fraction of electromagnetic radiation is directed towards the detector unit (DU). An optical power ratio determined by the first and second fractions meets a pre-determined value.
A self-mixing interferometric, SMI, laser sensor comprises a vertical cavity surface emitting laser, VCSEL, configured to emit laser radiation, the VCSEL comprising a first distributed Bragg reflector, DBR, a second DBR and a cavity region including an active light generation region, wherein the cavity region is arranged in a layer structure between a front side of the first DBR and a back side of the second DBR. Therein at least one of the first and second DBR comprises a first contrast region and a second contrast region, the first contrast region having a first refractive index contrast Δn1 regarding an emission wavelength of the VCSEL and the second contrast region having a second refractive index contrast Δn2/n larger than the first refractive index contrast Δn1/n.
H01S 5/183 - Surface-emitting [SE] lasers, e.g. having both horizontal and vertical cavities having only vertical cavities, e.g. vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers [VCSEL]
In one embodiment, the method is for manufacturing a holographic plate (2) and comprises: - providing recording geometry optics (4), - providing a photopolymer (3), and - illuminating the photopolymer (3) simultaneously with a first laser beam (L1) and a second laser beam (L2), thus generating a holographic pattern (22) in the photopolymer (3), wherein - only the first laser beam (L1) runs through the recording geometry optics (4), - a light-entrance face (43) of the recording geometry optics (4) for the first laser beam (L1) faces away from the photopolymer (3), and a light-exit face (44) of the recording geometry optics (4) faces the photopolymer (3), - the recording geometry optics (4) comprise a lens array (41) which divides the first laser beam (L1) into a plurality of sub-beams (LS), and - each one of the sub-beams (LS) illuminates most of the pattern area (20).
A proximity sensing device is disclosed comprising: a radiation emitter; a radiation sensor configured to sense a reflected radiation from the radiation emitter; a memory for storing a plurality of ambient radiation level ranges and a plurality of coefficients that map onto the plurality of ambient radiation level ranges; and processing circuitry configured to compensate an output from the radiation sensor for crosstalk by subtracting from the output a measured ambient radiation level scaled by either: a coefficient selected from the plurality of coefficients; or a value derived from the plurality of coefficients. A proximity sensing method and a proximity sensing calibration method are also disclosed.
An apparatus includes a body defining an aperture. The apparatus also includes an image sensor including an array of sensing elements. The apparatus further includes an ambient light sensor. The image sensor and the ambient light sensor are each arranged to receive radiation from the aperture.
A photo sensor cell includes a semiconductor body having a well region of a first conductivity type and at least one base region of a second conductivity type different from the first conductivity type. The photo sensor cell also includes a well electrode electrically contacting the well region and a base electrode electrically contacting the base region. The photo sensor cell further includes a collection gate electrode located on top of the well region next to the base region and, seen in top view of the collection gate electrode, at least partially surrounding the base region. The collection gate electrode includes at least one gate extension running away from the base region and terminating within the semiconductor body, seen in top view of the collection gate electrode.
H01L 31/028 - Inorganic materials including, apart from doping material or other impurities, only elements of Group IV of the Periodic System
H01L 31/103 - Devices sensitive to infrared, visible or ultraviolet radiation characterised by only one potential barrier or surface barrier the potential barrier being of the PN homojunction type
25.
OPTOELECTRONIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE AND METHOD FOR OPERATING AN OPTOELECTRONIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE
An optoelectronic semiconductor device (1) comprising a semiconductor body (10) having a first region (101), a second region (102) and an active region (103) configured to emit or detect electromagnetic radiation in an emission direction (S) is described herein. The optoelectronic semiconductor device (1) further comprises a first reflector (21) arranged on a first side of the semiconductor body (10) and a second reflector (22) arranged on a second side of the semiconductor body (10), opposite the first side, a first electrode (31) and a second electrode (32), an aperture region (104) and an optical element (40) arranged downstream of the active region (103) in the emission direction (S). The emission direction (S) is oriented parallel to a stacking direction of the semiconductor body (10). The first electrode (31) is arranged on the first region (101) and the second electrode (32) is arranged between the second reflector (22) and the active region (103). Further, a method for operating an optoelectronic semiconductor device (1) is provided.
H01S 5/34 - Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region comprising quantum well or superlattice structures, e.g. single quantum well [SQW] lasers, multiple quantum well [MQW] lasers or graded index separate confinement heterostructure [GRINSCH] lasers
H01S 5/183 - Surface-emitting [SE] lasers, e.g. having both horizontal and vertical cavities having only vertical cavities, e.g. vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers [VCSEL]
H01S 5/30 - Structure or shape of the active region; Materials used for the active region
H01S 5/026 - Monolithically integrated components, e.g. waveguides, monitoring photo-detectors or drivers
G01S 7/481 - Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements
26.
OPTOELECTRONIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE AND METHOD FOR OPERATING AN OPTOELECTRONIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE
An optoelectronic semiconductor device (1) comprising a semiconductor body (10) having a first region (101), a second region (102) and an active region (103) configured to emit or detect electromagnetic radiation in an emission direction (S) is described herein. The optoelectronic semiconductor device (1) further comprises a first reflector (21) arranged on a first side of the semiconductor body (10) and a second reflector (22) arranged on a second side of the semiconductor body (10), opposite the first side, a first electrode (31) and a second electrode (32), an aperture region (104) and an optical element (40) arranged downstream of the active region (103) in the emission direction (S). The emission direction (S) is oriented parallel to a stacking direction of the semiconductor body (10). The first electrode (31) is arranged on the first region (101) and the second electrode (32) is arranged between the second reflector (22) and the active region (103). Further, a method for operating an optoelectronic semiconductor device (1) is provided.
G01S 7/481 - Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements
G01S 17/06 - Systems determining position data of a target
H01S 5/183 - Surface-emitting [SE] lasers, e.g. having both horizontal and vertical cavities having only vertical cavities, e.g. vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers [VCSEL]
A front-end electronic circuitry for a photon counting application includes an input node to receive an input signal, an output node to provide an output signal, a charge sensitive amplifier, and a feedback element having a variable resistance. The charge sensitive amplifier includes an amplifier circuit having an input side being coupled to the input node and an output side to provide the output signal, and a capacitor being arranged in a first feedback path between the input side and the output side of the amplifier circuit. The feedback element is arranged in a second feedback path in parallel to the capacitor. The variable resistance of the feedback element is dependent on a level of the output signal.
An electric circuitry for baseline extraction in a photon counting system includes an input signal integrity detector to determine an integrity of an input signal for baseline extraction, a sampling circuit to sample the input signal during a sampling time, and to provide a sampled version of the input signal, a signal processing circuit to process the sampled version of the input signal, and a signal processing controller to control the signal processing circuit. The input signal integrity detector is configured to determine the integrity of the input signal for baseline extraction by evaluating the input signal or the sampled version of the input signal. The signal processing controller is configured to control the signal processing circuit so that the sampled version of the input signal is processed, when the integrity of the input signal for baseline extraction is determined by the input signal integrity detector at least during the sampling time.
G01T 1/178 - Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular type of detector for measuring specific activity in the presence of other radioactive substances, e.g. natural, in the air or in liquids such as rain-water
G01T 1/20 - Measuring radiation intensity with scintillation detectors
G01T 1/29 - Measurement performed on radiation beams, e.g. position or section of the beam; Measurement of spatial distribution of radiation
29.
SENSOR DEVICE, OPTOELECTRONIC DEVICE AND METHOD FOR FABRICATING A SENSOR DEVICE
A sensor device comprises a substrate (40) with a main surface, a detector chip (50) being arranged on the main surface of the substrate. It further comprises a cap (10) being arranged on the main surface of the substrate (40) enclosing the detector chip (50), wherein the cap (10) defines a pass-through (11) from a topside (15) of the cap (10) to the detector chip (50). The pass-through (11) comprises an aperture (14) and a pocket (12), the aperture (14) being arranged between the detector chip (50) and the pocket (12). A lens (20) or the lens stack (20) is arranged in the pocket (12).
H01L 31/167 - SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS - Details thereof structurally associated with, e.g. formed in or on a common substrate with, one or more electric light sources, e.g. electroluminescent light sources, and electrically or optically coupled thereto the semiconductor device sensitive to radiation being controlled by the light source or sources the light sources and the devices sensitive to radiation all being semiconductor devices characterised by at least one potential or surface barrier
An oscillator circuit includes a first integrator unit to charge a first capacitor at a first integration node, a second integrator unit to charge a second capacitor at a second integration node, a chopped comparator unit and a logic unit. The chopped comparator unit includes comprises a switching unit, a sensing comparator and a replica comparator. The switching unit is configured to couple the first integration node, the second integration node and a reference voltage VREF to the sensing comparator and the replica comparator, depending upon a phase determined by a first input clock signal C1 and a second input clock signal C2, which have opposite phases. The logic unit is configured to generate signals C1, C2, D1, D2, E1, E2 for controlling each integrator unit.
H03K 4/94 - Generating pulses having essentially a finite slope or stepped portions having trapezoidal shape
H03K 5/24 - Circuits having more than one input and one output for comparing pulses or pulse trains with each other according to input signal characteristics, e.g. slope, integral the characteristic being amplitude
A noise cancellation enabled headphone to be worn on or over an ear of a user includes a speaker, a feed-forward microphone predominantly sensing ambient sound, an error microphone being arranged in front of the speaker in a primary direction of sound emission of the speaker and adapted to sensing sound being output from the speaker and ambient sound. A baffle is arranged between the speaker and the error microphone in the primary direction of sound emission such that the sound being output from the speaker is delayed by the baffle at a location of the error microphone. An adaptive noise cancellation controller is configured to perform feed-forward noise cancellation based on a feed-forward signal recorded with the feed-forward microphone and filtered with feed-forward filter parameters, and to adjust the feed-forward filter parameters based on an error signal recorded with the error microphone.
G10K 11/178 - Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase
In at least one embodiment, the device (100) for emitting flash light comprises at least one light source (1) for producing flash light, a light guide (2) for guiding the flash light, and an exit area (3) for coupling out flash light from the device. The light guide comprises an inlet side (21) which faces the light source and an outlet side (22) which faces the exit area. The device is configured such that, during operation, flash light from the light source is coupled into the light guide via the inlet side and is afterwards coupled out of the light guide via the outlet side. The inlet side is oblique to the outlet side.
G03B 15/05 - Combinations of cameras with electronic flash apparatus; Electronic flash units
G03B 30/00 - Camera modules comprising integrated lens units and imaging units, specially adapted for being embedded in other devices, e.g. mobile phones or vehicles
An optical device for characterizing flicker from an ambient light source is disclosed. The device comprises a radiation-sensitive device configured to vary a current in response to incident radiation, a second or higher-order modulator configured to output data corresponding to the current, and processing circuitry configured to provide a real-time characterization of flicker in the incident radiation based upon an analysis of changes in the data. Also disclosed is an associated method of characterizing flicker from an ambient light source.
An avalanche diode arrangement comprises a three-dimensional integrated circuit comprising a stack with at least a top-tier (10) and a bottom-tier (30), and comprising a breakdown voltage monitor circuit (40). The top-tier (10) comprises an array (13) of avalanche diodes (11). The bottom-tier (30) comprises an array (33) of integrated light sources (32), located below the top-tier (10). In a calibration mode of operation, the light sources (32) are operable to emit light towards the avalanche diodes (11). The breakdown voltage monitor circuit (40) is operable to adjust bias voltages of the avalanche diodes (11) depending on trigger events induced by light emitted by the light sources (32) during the calibration mode of operation.
H01L 25/16 - Assemblies consisting of a plurality of individual semiconductor or other solid state devices the devices being of types provided for in two or more different main groups of groups , or in a single subclass of , , e.g. forming hybrid circuits
H01L 31/02 - SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS - Details thereof - Details
H01L 31/167 - SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS - Details thereof structurally associated with, e.g. formed in or on a common substrate with, one or more electric light sources, e.g. electroluminescent light sources, and electrically or optically coupled thereto the semiconductor device sensitive to radiation being controlled by the light source or sources the light sources and the devices sensitive to radiation all being semiconductor devices characterised by at least one potential or surface barrier
35.
INTEGRATED DETECTOR DEVICE AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING AN INTEGRATED DETECTOR DEVICE
An integrated detector device for direct detection of X-ray photons includes a CMOS body including a substrate portion and a dielectric portion arranged on a main surface of the substrate portion, an integrated circuit in the CMOS body having implants at or above the main surface for forming charge collectors, and a metal structure in the dielectric portion that extends from the charge collectors to a contact surface of the dielectric portion facing away from the substrate portion. The device further includes an absorber portion arranged on the contact surface of the dielectric portion, the absorber portion including an absorber element that is in electrical contact with the metal structure, and an electrode structure that is in direct contact with the absorber element forming an electrical contact. The absorber element is configured to absorb X-ray photons and generate electrical charges based on the absorbed X-ray photons.
A sensor module for Raman spectroscopy comprises a sensor package enclosing a light emitter arrangement (30), a dispersive element (40) and a light detector arrangement (50) arranged on or integrated into a carrier (11). The light emitter arrangement (30) is operable to emit light with multiple excitation wavelengths out of the sensor module. The dispersive element (40) is operable to receive light incident on the sensor module and operable to disperse the incident light into spectral components. The light detector arrangement (50) is operable to generate spectral sensor signals indicative of the spectral components.
A sensor module for Raman spectroscopy comprises a sensor package which encloses an application specific integrated circuit (10), ASIC, a light emitter arrangement (20), a light detector arrangement (30) and a filter arrangement (40). The light emitter arrangement (20) is electrically connected to the ASIC (10) and operable to emit light with multiple excitation wavelengths to excite Raman scattering in an external probe (60) to be placed outside of the sensor module. The light detector arrangement (30) is operable to generate sensor signals from incident light emitted back from the external probe (60) due to the Raman scattering. The filter arrangement (40) is operable to filter the incident light according to a target passband (71). The ASIC (10) is operable to drive the light emitter arrangement (20) at the excitation wavelengths to shift a Raman spectral band of the external probe into the passband of the filter arrangement (40).
A display (102) may include a plurality of first light sources (202), arranged in a first region (204); a plurality of lenses (206), arranged in a second region (208), over the first region (204); a plurality of opaque areas (210) and a plurality of light transmissive areas (212), arranged in a third region (214), over the second region (208); wherein each light source of the plurality of first light sources (202) is configured to direct light onto a lens of the plurality of lenses (206); and wherein each lens of the plurality of lenses (206) is configured to receive light from a first light source (202) of the plurality of first light sources (202) and to direct the light through a light transmissive area of the plurality of light transmissive areas (212).
G02B 30/40 - Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images giving the observer of a single two-dimensional [2D] image a perception of depth
H04N 13/302 - Image reproducers for viewing without the aid of special glasses, i.e. using autostereoscopic displays
H10K 59/50 - OLEDs integrated with light modulating elements, e.g. with electrochromic elements, photochromic elements or liquid crystal elements
H10K 59/70 - OLEDs integrated with inorganic light-emitting elements, e.g. with inorganic electroluminescent elements
39.
FRONT-END ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY FOR A PHOTON COUNTING APPLICATION
A front-end electronic circuitry for a photon counting application includes a charge sensitive amplifier including an amplifier circuit and a capacitor being arranged in a feedback path between the input side and the output side of the amplifier circuit. A controllable switch is arranged in parallel to the capacitor. The circuitry includes a delay circuit to provide a delay circuit output signal being a time-delayed representation of the charge sensitive amplifier output signal. An output signal generation circuit is configured to generate the output signal by subtracting the delay circuit output signal from the charge sensitive amplifier output signal.
A receiver (10), suitable for a LIDAR system (1), receives an input signal. The input signal is based on a detection of a superposition of a transmit signal emitted towards an object in a measurement configuration (30) and a reflected signal reflected by the object, the input signal being a periodically varying signal having a period T. The receiver (10) comprises a first filter to delay the input signal by a first retardation time to generate a first delayed signal. The receiver (10) further comprises a second filter to delay the first delayed signal by T/2 to generate a second delayed signal. The receiver (10) further comprises a frequency detector (18) to determine a frequency of an evaluation signal which is based on a difference of the first delayed signal and the second delayed signal. The measurement configuration (30) comprises a laser device that emits the transmit signal being triangularly frequency modulated. The LIDAR system (1) comprises a laser driving system (25) for driving the laser device and a receiver (10) to receive a detected current or voltage signal (37, 38) as an input signal, which signal further has a comparatively fast changing portion of small amplitude having the period T. The receiver 10 comprises the first filter and the second filter as components of a signal preconditioning system (41). A feedback signal may be input to a digital analog converter (44). A digital signal processor (43) may determine speed and distance of the object with improved accuracy.
An optical system for an augmented reality (AR) display comprises an image generator for generating image light, and an optical combiner for location in a field of view of a user of the optical system between the user and a scene. The optical combiner is configured to transmit ambient light from the scene towards an eye of the user, the ambient light being incident on a first side of the optical combiner. The image generator and the optical combiner are arranged so that the image light is incident on a second side of the optical combiner, the second side of the combiner being opposite to the first side of the optical combiner. The optical combiner is configured to reflect the image light so that the image light traverses the optical combiner four times and exits the optical combiner from the second side of the optical combiner, and the optical combiner is configured to transmit the ambient light so that the ambient light traverses the optical combiner only once and exits the optical combiner from the second side of the optical combiner.
A multispectral image sensor (1) comprises a plurality of photosensitive elements (11) configured to capture electromagnetic radiation received from a scene or an object, and first and second optical modulators (12, 13) arranged on an incident side of the plurality of photosensitive elements (11), the first and second optical modulators (12, 13) being configured to modulate electromagnetic radiation within respective first and second wavelength ranges, and to transmit electromagnetic radiation outside the respective first and second wavelength ranges. Therein, the first wavelength range is different form the second wavelength range.
An acoustic sensor is disclosed, the sensor including a laser and a membrane configured to vibrate in the presence of an acoustic wave, and to reflect radiation emitted by the laser back toward the laser to produce a self-mixing interference effect corresponding to the acoustic wave. The sensor also includes a cavity separating the membrane from the laser and extending rearward of a radiation-emitting surface of the laser, a majority volume of the cavity being disposed rearward of the radiation-emitting surface of the laser. Also disclosed is an apparatus including the acoustic sensor, and a method of manufacturing the acoustic sensor.
H01S 5/183 - Surface-emitting [SE] lasers, e.g. having both horizontal and vertical cavities having only vertical cavities, e.g. vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers [VCSEL]
44.
SELF-MIXING INTERFEROMETRY SENSOR MODULE FOR MULTILAYER TARGET DETECTION, ELECTRONIC DEVICE AND METHOD OF MULTILAYER TARGET DETECTION
A self-mixing interferometry sensor module (10) for multilayer target detection comprises a light emitter (20), a detector unit (30) and an array of light detectors (40). The light emitter (20) is operable to emit coherent electromagnetic radiation out of the sensor module (10); and undergo self-mixing interference, SMI, caused by reflections of the emitted electromagnetic radiation from layers (51, 52, 53) of different depths of a multilayer target (50) to be placed outside the sensor module (10). The detector unit (30) is operable to generate an SMI output signal indicative of the SMI of the light emitter (20). Light detectors of the array (40) are operable to generate auxiliary output signals indicative of a distribution of relative reflections of the emitted electromagnetic radiation from layers (51, 52, 53) of different depths.
In one embodiment, the picture recording arrangement (1) comprises: - an image sensor (2), and - a light source (3) configured to emit radiation (R) along a plurality of emission directions (D1..DM), wherein - the light source (3) comprises a plurality of independently controllable light-emitting units (31..3M), - for each one of the emission directions (D1..DM), there is at least one of the light-emitting units (31..3M), and - the radiation (R) emitted into the emission directions (D1..DM) is emitted predominantly out of a field of view (22) of the image sensor (2). Further, a light source and a method for operating a picture recording arrangement are specified herein.
A data storage apparatus includes an integrated circuit further including a control unit and a memory array of charge-based memory cells. The memory array includes a first subsection which is operable as a memory, and comprises includes a second subsection which is operable as a dosimeter. The control unit is operable to provide a reference current and to conduct memory access operations to access the memory with reference to the reference current. The control unit is further operable to analyze a statistical distribution of read currents by using memory access operations in the second subsection. Said analysis involves counting of logical read errors of the memory access operations and calibrating the reference current depending on a number of counted logical read errors being indicative also of a Total Ionizing Dose, TID.
A self-mixing interferometry sensor module (10) comprises at least two light emitters (20) of the same type, a detector unit (30) and an electronic processing unit (40). Each light emitter (20) is operable to emit coherent electromagnetic radiation out of the sensor module (10); and undergo self-mixing interference, SMI, caused by reflections of the emitted electromagnetic radiation from an external object outside the sensor module. The detector unit (30) is operable to generate output signals indicative of the SMI of the light emitters, respectively. The electronic processing unit (40) is operable to generate a difference signal from the output signals indicative of a movement of the external object (53).
A self-mixing interferometry sensor module (10) for authentication comprises an array (20) of light emitters (21), a detector unit (30) and an electronic processing unit (40). The light emitters (21) of the array (20) are operable to emit coherent electromagnetic radiation out of the sensor module (10); and undergo self-mixing interference, SMI, caused by reflections of the emitted electromagnetic radiation from a finger to be placed outside the sensor module (10), respectively. The detector unit (30) is operable to generate output signals indicative of the SMI of the light emitters (21), respectively. The electronic processing unit (40) is operable to determine from the generated output signals a fingerprint profile of the finger placed outside the sensor module (10).
A transparent display (1) with lensless imaging capability comprises display pixels (11) configured to generate a display image, light emitters (12) configured to illuminate a scene or an object (2) with electromagnetic radiation outside the visible domain, photosensitive elements (21) configured to capture electromagnetic radiation received from the scene or the object (2) and to generate photo signals depending on the captured electromagnetic radiation, and an optical modulator (31) configured to transmit electromagnetic radiation in the visible domain, and to modulate electromagnetic radiation within the illumination wavelength range. The display is substantially transparent in the visible domain.
H10K 59/65 - OLEDs integrated with inorganic image sensors
H10K 59/70 - OLEDs integrated with inorganic light-emitting elements, e.g. with inorganic electroluminescent elements
H01L 25/075 - Assemblies consisting of a plurality of individual semiconductor or other solid state devices all the devices being of a type provided for in the same subgroup of groups , or in a single subclass of , , e.g. assemblies of rectifier diodes the devices not having separate containers the devices being of a type provided for in group
H01L 25/16 - Assemblies consisting of a plurality of individual semiconductor or other solid state devices the devices being of types provided for in two or more different main groups of groups , or in a single subclass of , , e.g. forming hybrid circuits
G02F 1/13 - Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
50.
MOISTURE-RESISTANT OPTICAL DEVICE AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURE
A moisture-resistant optical device comprises a microlens array (MLA) formed from a first material defining a plurality of associated recesses; and a moisture-resisting layer of a second material, formed on the MLA and filling the associated recesses. An associated method of manufacture is also disclosed.
G02B 1/18 - Coatings for keeping optical surfaces clean, e.g. hydrophobic or photo-catalytic films
H01S 5/183 - Surface-emitting [SE] lasers, e.g. having both horizontal and vertical cavities having only vertical cavities, e.g. vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers [VCSEL]
An optical module (200) for spatially offset Raman spectroscopy, the optical module (200) comprising: a laser source (201) mounted on a substrate (202) and configured to emit electromagnetic radiation (203) at a target (204); a plurality of sensors (206) mounted on the substrate (202) and configured to detect electromagnetic radiation (207) scattered from a plurality of depths in the target (204); and a first plurality of filters (208), each disposed over one or more of the plurality of sensors (206), wherein, the plurality of sensors (207) and filters (208) are arranged on the substrate at spatially offset positions from the laser source (201); and wherein the first plurality of filters (208) are substantially transparent to a first wavelength band corresponding to a Raman scattering wavelength of a first molecule of the target (204) and substantially opaque to wavelengths outside the first wavelength band.
An optoelectronic module (100) and a method of manufacturing an optoelectronic module the optoelectronic module comprising: an illuminator (102) comprising a plurality of light sources (104) configured to emit light towards a scene at an illumination wavelength; a detector layer (106) configured to detect light having the illumination wavelength reflected by the scene; a mask layer (108) disposed over the detector layer, the mask layer being configured to interact with light having the illumination wavelength; and a processor (110), the processor configured to: modulate the plurality of light sources; and reconstruct an image of the scene.
H04N 23/11 - Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof for generating image signals from different wavelengths for generating image signals from visible and infrared light wavelengths
H04N 23/12 - Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof for generating image signals from different wavelengths with one sensor only
H04N 23/55 - Optical parts specially adapted for electronic image sensors; Mounting thereof
H04N 23/56 - Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof provided with illuminating means
H04N 23/74 - Circuitry for compensating brightness variation in the scene by influencing the scene brightness using illuminating means
H04N 23/955 - Computational photography systems, e.g. light-field imaging systems for lensless imaging
H04N 25/79 - Arrangements of circuitry being divided between different or multiple substrates, chips or circuit boards, e.g. stacked image sensors
H04N 23/81 - Camera processing pipelines; Components thereof for suppressing or minimising disturbance in the image signal generation
H04N 23/951 - Computational photography systems, e.g. light-field imaging systems by using two or more images to influence resolution, frame rate or aspect ratio
G01S 17/894 - 3D imaging with simultaneous measurement of time-of-flight at a 2D array of receiver pixels, e.g. time-of-flight cameras or flash lidar
A radiation-sensitive device is disclosed. The radiation-sensitive device includes: a plurality of single photon avalanche diodes (SPADs), and processing circuitry configured to determine an intensity of incident radiation using at least one of the plurality SPADs. An amount of the SPADs used to determine the intensity of the incident radiation varies in relation to the intensity of the incident radiation. Also disclosed in an associated method of determining an intensity of radiation incident upon such a radiation-sensitive device, and uses of the radiation-sensitive device in an electronic-nose or point-of-care apparatus, or for ambient light sensing.
A shaper circuit includes a first amplifier including an input and an output, the input being configured to receive an input signal, which includes one or more current pulses, a feedback component coupled to the output and to the input of the first amplifier thereby forming a feedback loop of the first amplifier, and an RC component coupled to the output of the first amplifier and to a reference potential terminal. Therein the shaper circuit is configured to provide an output signal as a function of the input signal, the output signal including one or more voltage pulses, and the RC component is configured to largely cancel a low frequency pole of the feedback loop of the first amplifier.
A circuit arrangement is provided which includes an array of stages for photon counting current to voltage conversion. Each stage includes a tunable operational transconductance amplifier and a feedback network forming a feedback loop of the operational transconductance amplifier. Each stage is configured to provide an output signal as a function of an input signal that is provided to the amplifier input of the operational transconductance amplifier, wherein the input signal comprises one or more current pulses and the output signal comprises one or more voltage pulses. With the tunable operational transconductance amplifier the transconductance of a stage can be tuned so that differences in peaking time and gain are avoided. Furthermore, an imaging device and a method for operating a circuit arrangement are provided.
An apparatus for detecting objects comprises an optical interferometer that is configured to receive electromagnetic radiation from a light source, and emit electromagnetic radiation to a detector. The optical interferometer is coupled to an environment and further configured to respond to objects in the environment intruding into an interaction volume of the optical interferometer by varying an intensity of the electromagnetic radiation emitted to the detector based on a property of the objects in the interaction volume. A signal processor is configured to generate an output signal based on the intensity of the electromagnetic radiation emitted to the detector.
A current-output DAC is disclosed. In an example, a voltage-output DAC with a resistor string is followed by a voltage-to-current conversion stage to generate a first current. In some cases, an auxiliary current generator produces a second current that is summed with the first current to extend the first current range and compensate for temperature and/or process variations. The auxiliary current generator can be correlated with both the voltage-output DAC and the transconductance stage such that process/temperature variations affect each of the components substantially equally. The second current produced by the auxiliary current generator can act as the most significant bit (MSB) portion of the total current output. In some examples, the current-output DAC has an extended output current range without modifying the transfer characteristic gain or least significant bit size of the DAC.
A method for operating a laser device (20) is provided, the method comprising providing an emitter structure (21) of the laser device (20) with a first amount of power by a driving circuit (22) of the laser device (20), wherein the emitter structure (21) is configured to emit laser radiation during operation, extrapolating the temperature of the emitter structure (21), wherein extrapolating the temperature of the emitter structure (21) comprises receiving a temperature value measured for the emitter structure (21) provided with the first amount of power during a calibration phase, and providing the emitter structure (21) with a second amount of power by the driving circuit (22), wherein the second amount of power corresponds to the power required for the emitter structure (21) emitting a target intensity of laser radiation at the extrapolated temperature. Furthermore, a laser device (20) is provided.
A peak-detector circuit may include a first input terminal for providing a first input voltage, a first rectifying element with an anode connected to the first input terminal, a first capacitor with a first electrode connected to a cathode of the first rectifying element, a first terminal coupled to the first electrode of the first capacitor, a second rectifying element with a cathode connected to the first input terminal, a second capacitor, a first switch coupling an anode of the second rectifying element to a first electrode of the second capacitor, and a second terminal coupled to the first electrode of the second capacitor.
An illumination apparatus (1600) is disclosed. The illumination apparatus comprises an array of optical elements (1620), and at least one radiation-emitting element (1630) configured to generate, in cooperation with the array, a structured light pattern (815, 1115, 1415). An optical phase-retardation of each optical element of radiation emitted by the at least one radiation-emitting element is configured such that the structured light pattern comprises a regular array of dots. A method of manufacturing the illumination apparatus is also disclosed.
G01B 11/25 - Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures by projecting a pattern, e.g. moiré fringes, on the object
61.
SIGNAL PROCESSING ARRANGEMENT, PHOTON COUNTING CIRCUITRY, DEVICE FOR MEDICAL DIAGNOSTICS AND SIGNAL PROCESSING METHOD
A signal processing arrangement for an electromagnetic radiation sensor application includes a common input (S_out), a plurality of auto-zero, AZ, comparators (compl, comp2,... compn+1), wherein each of the AZ comparators comprises a signal input for receiving a voltage to be compared and a signal output coupled to a processing block (PROC). The processing block (PROC) is configured to evaluate comparison results provided by the plurality of AZ comparators. An AZ digital-analog-converter, DAC, (AZ-DAC) is configured to provide an AZ reference voltage at an AZ reference output (DAC_out). Switching circuitry (SW) individually couples the common input (S_out) and the AZ reference output (DAC_out) to the signal input of each of the AZ comparators in a switchable fashion. A control block (CTRL) is configured to disconnect, by controlling the switching circuitry (SW), for each of the AZ comparators in a non-overlapping fashion, the common input (S_out) from the signal input of the respective AZ comparator during a respective disconnection time (T_discon), and connect the AZ reference output (DAC_out) within the respective disconnection time to the signal input of the respective AZ comparator for a respective AZ time.
A self-mixing interferometry opto-acoustic transducer (1) comprises a laser (2) configured to perform two-sided emission through a first emission surface (2a) and a second emission surface (2b), and to undergo self-mixing interference in a laser cavity of the laser (2), a diaphragm (3) spaced away from the first emission surface (2a) of the laser (2), a photosensitive element (4) arranged at or spaced away from the second emission surface (2b) of the laser (2), and structures (5) arranged on the first emission surface (2a) or on a reflecting surface (3a) of the diaphragm (3) facing the first emission surface (2a). A first optical path is formed between the first emission surface (2a) and the reflecting surface (3a), the first optical path including the structures (5), and a second optical path is formed between the first emission surface (2a) and the diaphragm, the second optical path including voids (5a) between the structures (5).
A method of operating an optoelectronic laser device comprising the steps of:providing the optoelectronic laser device (1) comprising at least one first and at least one second laser ridge (3, 4) arranged on a semiconductor substrate (2) adjacent to each other and being thermally coupled;operating the at least one first laser ridge (3) with a first supply current such that the at least one first laser ridge emits laser light (L1) through a laser facet (5) of the at least one first laser ridge;while operating the at least one first laser ridge, simultaneously operating the at least one second laser ridge (4) with a second supply current such that the at least one second laser ridge does not emit light trough a laser facet of the at least one second laser ridge;determining a voltage drop over the at least one second laser ridge; andregulating the first supply current as a function of the voltage drop determined over the at least one second laser ridge.regulating the first supply current as a function of the voltage drop determined over the at least one second laser ridge.
A radiation-sensitive device is disclosed. The device includes an array of single photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) and circuitry configured to measure an intensity of incident radiation from the array of SPADs with a plurality of different measurement windows to provide an associated plurality of results. The circuitry is configured to determine the intensity of the incident radiation from one of the plurality of results, a selection of the result determined by whether the result exceeds a maximum count defined, at least in part, by a duration of the measurement window associated with the result. An associated method of increasing a dynamic range of a radiation-sensitive device comprising an array of SPADs is also disclosed.
A radiation-sensitive device configured to determine an ambient radiation intensity is disclosed. The device includes at least one set of optical filters comprising: a first optical filter having a first passband spanning a portion of a spectrum associated with a radiation-emitting device and a portion of an ambient radiation spectrum; and a second optical filter having a second passband spanning a portion of the spectrum associated with the radiation-emitting device and a portion of the ambient radiation spectrum, the second passband different to the first passband. The device also includes processing circuitry configured to determine, from an intensity of incident radiation sensed using the first and second optical filters and based on the spectrum associated with the radiation-emitting device, a contribution of ambient radiation to the intensity of incident radiation sensed using the first and second optical filters.
A radiation-sensitive device is disclosed. The device comprises a plurality of single photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) and circuitry configured to adapt a read-out rate of the plurality of SPADs in relation to an intensity of incident radiation. Also disclosed is an associated method of increasing a dynamic range of a radiation-sensitive device comprising a plurality of SPADs. The method comprises adapting a read-out rate of the plurality of SPADs in relation to an intensity of incident radiation.
A time-to-digital converter circuit is disclosed, the time-to-digital converter circuit including a plurality of delay stages connected to form a delay line, a plurality of event counters, an encoder circuit for triggering the delay line, and a binning circuit for associating an event with an event counter from plurality of event counters. The binning circuit selects the event counter based on a signal from the delay line, and wherein the encoder circuit is configured to sequentially trigger a different delay stage of the plurality of delay stages. Also disclosed is a time-of-flight sensor implementing the time-to-digital converter circuit, and an associated apparatus and method.
inoutinoutout). The clocked integrator circuit (10) is arranged to receive the difference signal (DS), and to provide an integrator output signal (IOS). The clocked sample-and-hold or track-and-hold circuit (20) is arranged to receive the integrator output signal (IOS), and to provide a sample-and-hold or track-and-hold output signal (SHOS). A feedback path (102) is arranged between the output terminal (O100) and the summing node (30).
An electronic sensing device includes a display having a display surface and a plurality of micro light emitters configured to emit light for forming a display image on the display surface. A plurality of micro photodetectors is configured to detect light conditions at the display surface. A transceiver circuit is configured to drive the micro light emitters to emit light, drive the micro photodetectors to detect light and generate photo signals based on the detected light, coordinate the driving of the micro light emitters and of the micro photodetectors, and process the photo signals according to at least one of a list of sensing modes. The plurality of micro light emitters and the plurality of micro photodetectors are arranged on a surface of a display substrate.
G09G 3/34 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix by control of light from an independent source
G09G 3/32 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED]
H01S 5/183 - Surface-emitting [SE] lasers, e.g. having both horizontal and vertical cavities having only vertical cavities, e.g. vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers [VCSEL]
A display includes a display substrate with a surface, on which pixels are formed by arranging a plurality of light emitting display subpixels and a plurality of light capturing subpixels on the surface of the display substrate. Each light emitting display subpixel comprises a micro-LED and each light capturing subpixels comprises a micro photodiode. The pixels are distributed across an active display area of the display substrate. At least a portion of the pixels include a light capturing subpixel and at least one light emitting display subpixel.
H01L 25/16 - Assemblies consisting of a plurality of individual semiconductor or other solid state devices the devices being of types provided for in two or more different main groups of groups , or in a single subclass of , , e.g. forming hybrid circuits
A display includes a display substrate having an active display area including a plurality of first display subpixels. A transceiver circuit is arranged to drive the display in a first mode of operation or in a second mode of operation. The first display subpixels include micro light-emitting diodes and/or resonant-cavity light emitting devices. In the first mode of operation, the transceiver circuit provides a forward bias to the first display subpixels, such that the first display subpixels are operable to emit light. In the second mode of operation, the transceiver circuit provides a reverse bias to the first display subpixels, such that the first display subpixels are operable to detect light.
G09G 3/32 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED]
A method of proximity sensing which comprises emitting light from an emitter and detecting reflected light, applying an offset to the detected reflected light to provide an output signal indicative of proximity, determining an average signal of the output signal; determining whether drift has occurred by comparing the output signal to a first threshold and comparing the average signal to a different threshold, and adjusting the offset if drift is identified.
G01S 17/10 - Systems determining position data of a target for measuring distance only using transmission of interrupted, pulse-modulated waves
H03K 17/94 - Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and -breaking characterised by the way in which the control signals are generated
73.
WINDOW AND MIRROR PRESENCE DETECTION SYSTEM AND CORRESPONDING METHOD
A presence detection system (700) configured to detect a presence of a window (130) or a mirror (330) is disclosed. The system comprises a time-of-flight sensor (110, 310, 610) configured to detect a proximity to a target (105, 305, 605) based on reflected radiation sensed from a plurality of zones (620a-i). The system also discloses processing circuitry (750) configured to determine a presence of a mirror or window in a path from the time-of-flight sensor to the target based on one or more peaks in data corresponding to the sensed radiation reflected from each of the plurality of zones. A corresponding method of detecting a presence of a window or a mirror using the disclosed system is also disclosed.
G01S 7/4865 - Time delay measurement, e.g. time-of-flight measurement, time of arrival measurement or determining the exact position of a peak
G01S 17/10 - Systems determining position data of a target for measuring distance only using transmission of interrupted, pulse-modulated waves
G01S 7/48 - RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES - Details of systems according to groups , , of systems according to group
G01S 17/86 - Combinations of lidar systems with systems other than lidar, radar or sonar, e.g. with direction finders
H04N 23/67 - Focus control based on electronic image sensor signals
A sensor module including a sensor and a transparent body which is provided over the sensor, wherein the transparent body comprises a base portion and a convex lens which extends outwardly from the base portion and is located above the sensor, wherein an opaque material is provided on the base portion and surrounds the convex lens.
G02B 1/04 - Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements made of organic materials, e.g. plastics
An optical system for an augmented reality (AR) display comprises an image generator for generating image light, and an optical combiner for location in a field of view of a user of the optical system between the user and a scene. The optical combiner is configured to transmit ambient light from the scene towards an eye of the user, the ambient light being incident on a first side of the optical combiner. The image generator and the optical combiner are arranged so that the image light is incident on a second side of the optical combiner, the second side of the combiner being opposite to the first side of the optical combiner. The optical combiner is configured to reflect, and control the divergence of, the image light so that the image light traverses the optical combiner four times and exits the optical combiner as collimated light from the second side of the optical combiner, whilst the ambient light traverses the optical combiner only once.
A proximity detection system for a mobile device. The system includes an infrared emitter to emit infrared light, an infrared detector to detect the infrared light after reflection from a target and provide a detector signal; and a signal processing subsystem. The signal processing subsystem is configured to control the proximity detection system into a first, detect mode for detecting proximity of the target as the target approaches the mobile device, and after detection of the target to control the proximity detection system into a second, release mode for detecting movement of the target out of proximity to the mobile device. The signal processing subsystem also controls the proximity detection system such that, contrary to conventional hysteresis, for a given proximity of the target the detector signal reduces when the mode switches from the detect mode to the release mode, thus increasing reliability.
A device comprising: an optical emitter for emitting light having an emitted optical spectrum; an optical sensor for receiving light reflected from a tag attached to an object; and a processor configured to: determine a reflected optical colour spectrum of the light reflected from the tag based on an output of the optical sensor; retrieve an optical signature associated with said object from memory; and determine the authenticity of said object based on comparing the optical signature and the reflected optical colour spectrum.
G06K 7/12 - Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers by corpuscular radiation using a selected wavelength, e.g. to sense red marks and ignore blue marks
G06K 7/10 - Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers by corpuscular radiation
A device (510a, 510c) comprising a display (520a, 520c) and a sensor (505a, 505c) is disclosed. The display comprises a plurality structures in a regular arrangement. The sensor comprises a radiation-sensitive device and radiation-emitting device arranged on a first axis (530a, 530c). The display is configured to scatter a portion of radiation emitted by the radiation-emitting device with an intensity profile defined by the regular arrangement, the intensity profile having a first region (340, 350) of peak intensity extending along at least a second axis (535a, 535c) different to the first axis. Also disclosed is a method of reducing crosstalk in such a device.
G09G 3/32 - Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED]
79.
SELF-MIXING INTERFEROMETRY SENSOR MODULE, ELECTRONIC DEVICE AND METHOD OF DETECTING MOVEMENTS
A self-mixing interferometry sensor module (1) comprises a light emitter (10) that is configured to emit coherent electromagnetic radiation (11) out of the sensor module, and to undergo self-mixing interference, SMI, caused by reflections (12) of the emitted electromagnetic radiation from an object (30) outside the sensor module (1). The sensor module (1) further comprises an electronic control unit (20) coupled to the light emitter (10) and configured to detect a change in an electrical property of the light emitter caused by the SMI, determine from the detected change a movement (31) of the object (30) outside the sensor module (1), and generate an output signal that comprises information of the determined movement.
G01S 17/58 - Velocity or trajectory determination systems; Sense-of-movement determination systems
H04M 1/72 - Mobile telephones; Cordless telephones, i.e. devices for establishing wireless links to base stations without route selection
G01P 3/36 - Devices characterised by the use of optical means, e.g. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
G06F 3/0354 - Pointing devices displaced or positioned by the user; Accessories therefor with detection of 2D relative movements between the device, or an operating part thereof, and a plane or surface, e.g. 2D mice, trackballs, pens or pucks
80.
PATTERNED ILLUMINATION FOR THREE DIMENSIONAL IMAGING
A method of operating a time-of-flight system includes projecting a light pattern from an illumination source into an environment; by an array of light sensors of a time-of-flight sensor of the time-of-flight system, detecting the light pattern reflected by an object in an environment; and generating a signal based on the light detected by a subset of the light sensors of the array of light sensors, the signal being provided to one or more processors for generation of a representation of the environment.
An oscillator circuit includes a current controller, a first capacitor and a second capacitor. A current generator is coupled to the current controller, the first and the second capacitor, and is operable, under control of a control signal of the current controller, provide charging currents. A comparator stage comprises a first input coupled to the first capacitor, a second input coupled to the second capacitor and a reference input to be supplied with the reference voltage. The comparator stage further includes an oscillator output to provide a clock signal based on a comparison of the capacitor voltages and the reference voltage, respectively. A modulation circuit comprises an oscillator input to input the clock signal, a reference output is connected to the current generator, and is operable to alternate between the charging currents, such that a charging current is provided as reference current at the reference output and at least one charging current is provided to alternately charge/discharge the first capacitor and the second capacitor to respective capacitor voltages.
An apparatus for determining the presence or concentration of target molecules comprises: a radiation source; a surface; a waveguide; a detector; and a spectral filter. The radiation source is operable to produce electromagnetic radiation. The surface defines a two dimensional array of receptor sites. The waveguide is arranged to receive the electromagnetic radiation produced by the radiation source, divide the electromagnetic radiation and direct a portion of the electromagnetic radiation to each one of a two dimensional array of receptor sites. The detector comprises a two dimensional array of sensing elements, each sensing element arranged to receive electromagnetic radiation from a different one of the two dimensional array of receptor sites. The spectral filter is provided between the surface and the detector.
An optical absorbance spectrometer including a sample housing configured to hold a sample, a light source configured to emit broadband light into the sample housing, one or more reflectors configured to reflect the light such that the light passes through a sample holding volume of the sample housing multiple times, and a sensor arranged to receive the light from the sample housing, after the reflections. The sensor comprises a plurality of detectors configured to detect the intensity of the received light at multiple different wavelengths.
G01N 21/31 - Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
The present disclosure relates to a photodiode device, which overcomes the drawbacks of conventional devices like increased dark currents. The photodiode device includes a semiconductor substrate, at least one doped well of a first type of electric conductivity at a main surface of the substrate and at least one doped region of a second type of electric conductivity being adjacent to the doped well. The at least one doped well and the at least one doped region are electrically contactable. On a portion of an upper surface of the doped well a protection structure is arranged. The protection structure protects the upper surface of the underlying doped well from an etching process for removing a spacer layer.
H01L 31/103 - Devices sensitive to infrared, visible or ultraviolet radiation characterised by only one potential barrier or surface barrier the potential barrier being of the PN homojunction type
H01L 31/18 - Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof
An electric circuitry (1) for baseline restoration comprises a baseline sampling circuit (100) for providing a baseline output signal (Vbase) representing a baseline level of an input signal (Vout_FE), and an integrator circuit (200) to receive an error signal (Verr) representing an error of the determined baseline level of the input signal (Vout_FE) and to provide an integrator output signal (Vint) being a representation of an integration of the error signal (Verr). The electric circuitry (1) further comprises a digitization circuit (300) to provide a digital output signal (VD) being a digital representation of the integrator output signal (Vint), and an output stage (400) to provide a baseline restoration output signal (IBLR) representing a corrected baseline level of the input signal (Vout_FE).
A system comprising a display and an ambient light sensing module, the ambient light sensing module being located beneath the display. The display comprises an array of light emitting diodes and a first polarizer located above the display. The sensing module comprises a first sensor and a second sensor, a second polarizer being located above the second sensor.
A laser beam scanning system (1) comprises a first laser source (2) configured to emit a first laser beam (3) and a second laser source (2) configured to emit a second laser beam (3), a scanning assembly (4) for projecting the first and second laser beams (3) onto a target surface (5) to generate two spatially separated pixels on the target surface (5), wherein the scanning assembly (4) is configured to scan laser beams from side to side along a first axis and to scan from top to bottom along a second perpendicular axis to generate a frame or sub-frame on the target surface, and a control unit (6) for controlling the first and second laser sources (2) and configured to turn on the first and second laser sources (2) when the scanning assembly (4) scans laser beams in a first direction along the first axis and to turn off the first and second laser sources (2) when the scanning assembly (4) scans laser beams in a second opposite direction along the first axis.
G02B 26/08 - Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the direction of light
A method for calibrating a self-mixing interferometer, comprises providing a self-mixing interferometer including a laser diode (104). Laser light is emitted and a reflected portion of the emitted laser light is received to modulate the optical power of the laser diode. The phase of the laser light is locked to at least one of the fringes of a transfer function to obtain an operating point. An interrogation signal (Io(t) ) is generated to change the wavelength of the laser light to obtain a response signal (Is (t) ) indicative of an offset of the operating point from a desired operating point. A compensation signal (Ic(t) ) is generated to obtain a calibrated operating point in dependence on the response signal.
A circuit arrangement is provided where the arrangement of a feedback resistor between a first branch and a second branch enables that a voltage is provided at an output terminal in an efficient way, this means with a high settling speed and a low current consumption. The feedback resistor is arranged between a reference node and the output terminal, where the reference node is connected to a current mirror. The circuit arrangement can be employed as a gate driver. Furthermore, a driver block and a method of driving a circuit arrangement are provided.
H03K 17/042 - Modifications for accelerating switching by feedback from the output circuit to the control circuit
H03K 17/687 - Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and -breaking characterised by the use of specified components by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices the devices being field-effect transistors
H03K 17/0812 - Modifications for protecting switching circuit against overcurrent or overvoltage without feedback from the output circuit to the control circuit by measures taken in the control circuit
A hologram recording system comprising an optical system configured to provide first and second beams of electromagnetic radiation. The optical system comprises a first lens configured to interact with the first beam. The hologram recording system comprises a photosensitive recording medium configured to receive the first and second beams and record an interference pattern formed by the first and second beams. The hologram recording system comprises an actuation system configured to move a component of the optical system to adjust a position of the first beam relative to the first lens and thereby control an angle of incidence of the first beam at the photosensitive recording medium.
:An eye sensing device (1) for integrating in a frame (2) for mounting to a user's head comprises a laser output unit (4) configured to provide a laser beam (6) for illuminating an eye (8) of the user when in use, and a receiver unit (15) configured to receive reflections of the laser beam and to provide a tracking signal usable for determining a distance or velocity of the eye (8). The device further comprises an optical element (5) configured to apply a first optical function to the laser beam (6) for illuminating the eye (8) and to apply a second optical function to the reflections of the laser beam, and a processing unit (9) for determining a position of the user's eye (8) from the tracking signal.
An optoelectronic device for a self-mixing interferometer, comprises a driver block, a semiconductor laser (SCL), a detector (DTC) and a switching network (SWN). The driver block is operable to provide a time modulated control signal, wherein the control signal has a periodic waveform. The semiconductor laser (SCL) is operable to emit a laser light with a time-dependent characteristics being a function of the control signal and a self-mixing interference optical feedback. The detector (DTC) is operable to generate a detection signal depending on the time-dependent characteristics. The switching network (SWN) is arranged to provide a time sequence of detection signals per period of the control signal.
A comparator circuit includes an input stage with a set of differential current paths and a pair of differential input transistors connected to a pair of input terminals. An output stage includes an output current path between a first and a second supply terminal, an output transistor connected in the output current path and having a control terminal coupled to the set of differential current paths, and a comparator output connected to the output current path. An auxiliary stage includes an auxiliary current path between the supply terminals, an auxiliary current source, a first auxiliary transistor connected in the auxiliary current path and having a control terminal connected to the control terminal of the output transistor, and a voltage follower with a second auxiliary transistor and a third auxiliary transistor. The second auxiliary transistor controls the voltage follower and the third auxiliary transistor couples the control terminal of the output transistor to at least one of the set of differential current paths.
H03K 5/24 - Circuits having more than one input and one output for comparing pulses or pulse trains with each other according to input signal characteristics, e.g. slope, integral the characteristic being amplitude
A method for operating a circuit arrangement (20) is provided, the method comprising receiving an input voltage signal (IVS) with an input voltage level (IVL) by at least one first comparator (21) and by at least one second comparator (22), comparing the input voltage level (IVL) to a first voltage level (FVL) by the first comparator (21), comparing the input voltage level (IVL) to a second voltage level (SVL) by the second comparator (22), incrementing a first counter (23) assigned to the first comparator (21) once the input voltage level (IVL) is higher than the first voltage level (FVL), incrementing the first counter (23) again after the input voltage level (IVL) being lower and higher again than the first voltage level (FVL), incrementing a second counter (24) assigned to the second comparator (22) once the input voltage level (IVL) is higher than the second voltage level (SVL), incrementing the second counter (24) again after the input voltage level (IVL) being lower and higher again than the second voltage level (SVL), and incrementing the first counter (23) again once the second counter (24) was incremented twice without the first counter (23) being incremented in between, wherein the absolute value of the first voltage level (FVL) is lower than the absolute value of the second voltage level (SVL). Furthermore, a circuit arrangement (20) is provided.
A method (600) of replicating an optical element, the method comprising: illuminating (601) a first optical element (201, 301, 401, 501) with an illumination beam to generate a beam of interest and noise from the first optical element, the first optical element being a master copy to be replicated; recording (602) in a first recording medium (202, 302, 402, 502) an interference pattern between the beam of interest and a reference beam; illuminating (603) the recorded interference pattern in the first recording medium with a conjugate of the reference beam to generate a conjugate of the beam of interest; and replicating (604) the first optical element in a second recording medium (203, 303, 403, 503) by recording in the second recording medium an interference pattern between the conjugate of the beam of interest and a conjugate of the illumination beam.
An optical device (1) for proximity sensing comprising a tunable laser source (2) for emitting laser light (3), wherein the tunable laser source (2) comprises a vertical cavity surface emitting laser, VCSEL, (9) comprising a microelectromechanical system, MEMS, (10) for tuning the VCSEL (9) by changing a length (15) of a laser cavity (14) of the VCSEL (9) and a receiver (4) configured to receive laser light (5) emitted by the tunable laser source (2) and reflected from an object (6).
G01S 17/08 - Systems determining position data of a target for measuring distance only
G01S 17/34 - Systems determining position data of a target for measuring distance only using transmission of continuous waves, whether amplitude-, frequency-, or phase-modulated, or unmodulated using transmission of continuous, frequency-modulated waves while heterodyning the received signal, or a signal derived therefrom, with a locally-generated signal related to the contemporaneously transmitted signal
A device (100, 200, 300, 400) is disclosed, wherein the device comprises a multi-zone time-of-flight sensor (105, 205, 305, 405, 505) configured to provide depth information for each zone of a plurality of zones (120, 220, 320, 420). The device also comprises a plurality of LEDs (110, 210, 310, 410), wherein at least one LED is configurable to illuminate each zone. The device also comprises processing circuitry (115, 215, 315, 415) configured to control each at least one LED in response to depth information for a corresponding zone. The device is suitable for illuminating a target to be imaged by an imaging device, in particular on a portable apparatus (455) such as a smartphone. A method (700) of illuminating a target or object within a scene is also disclosed.
H04N 23/61 - Control of cameras or camera modules based on recognised objects
H04N 23/74 - Circuitry for compensating brightness variation in the scene by influencing the scene brightness using illuminating means
H04N 23/80 - Camera processing pipelines; Components thereof
H04N 23/959 - Computational photography systems, e.g. light-field imaging systems for extended depth of field imaging by adjusting depth of field during image capture, e.g. maximising or setting range based on scene characteristics
An optical system (200) for a wearable heads-up display (100), the optical system (200) comprising: an image projector (201) configured to project an image towards an eye (202) of a user; and a combiner element (204) positioned in a field of view of the user and in an optical path between the image projector (201) and the eye of the user (202), the combiner element (204) being configured to replicate the image onto a plurality of positions in a plane at the eye of the user (202), the combiner element (204) comprising: a splitting element (206) configured to split incident light into a plurality of directions, and a first volume phase holographic (VPH) (207) element comprising a plurality of multiplexed holograms, each hologram configured to selectively collimate incident light according to a respective angle of incidence on the first VPH element (207).
The present disclosure relates to an optoelectronic device for manipulating electromagnetic radiation. Drawbacks of conventional systems like material constraints, system complexity and tuning speed are overcome by the optoelectronic device comprising a substrate with at least one tuning structure arranged on the substrate, wherein the tuning structure comprises an electro-optical material. The tuning structure comprises a first and a second electrical contact. A cover layer covers the at least one tuning structure. An optical structure is arranged on the cover layer. A voltage source is electrically connected to the first and the second electrical contact and provided for generating electric fields within the at least one tuning structure.
A waveguide device (200) for generating an eyebox (204) of a display, the waveguide device (200) comprising: a first volume phase holographic, VPH, grating (202) configured to selectively diffract incident light according to a wavelength and/or an angle of incidence on the first VPH grating (202) to incouple the diffracted incident light into the waveguide device (200), one or more second VPH gratings (206) configured to selectively diffract the incoupled light according to a wavelength and/or an angle of incidence to direct the incoupled light through the waveguide device (200); and one or more third VPH gratings (203) configured to selectively diffract the light propagating in the waveguide device (200) according to a wavelength and/or an angle of incidence to outcouple said propagating light, wherein collectively each beam of outcoupled light generates said eyebox (204).
